Reza Harami - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Reza Harami

3D seismic attributes and well logs were used to estimated porosity and water saturation in the A... more 3D seismic attributes and well logs were used to estimated porosity and water saturation in the Asmari Formation in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. For this purpose, at first, the 3D seismic volume was inverted base on the model, to obtain acoustic impedance cube. Afterward, the impedance and other attributes extracted from seismic volume were analyzed by multiple attribute regression transform and neural networks to predict porosity and water saturation between wells. Then linear or non-linear combinations of attributes performed for porosity and water saturation prediction. The result shows that the match between the actual and predicted porosity and water saturation improved; using only a single attribute to the derived multi attribute transforms and neural networks model. Based on the results of neural networks, the highest cross-correlation was observed between seismic attributes and the observed target logs between seven wells in the study area. Based on our study, the cross-co...

Climate of the Past, 2013

Historical literature may constitute a valuable source of information to reconstruct sea-level ch... more Historical literature may constitute a valuable source of information to reconstruct sea-level changes. Here, historical documents and geological records have been combined to reconstruct Caspian sea-level (CSL) changes during the last millennium. In addition to a comprehensive literature review, new data from two short sediment cores were obtained from the southeastern Caspian coast to identify coastal change driven by water-level changes and to compare the results with other geological and historical findings. The overall results indicate a high-stand during the Little Ice Age, up to −21 m (and extra rises due to manmade river avulsion), with a −28 m low-stand during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, while presently the CSL stands at −26.5 m. A comparison of the CSL curve with other lake systems and proxy records suggests that the main sea-level oscillations are essentially paced by solar irradiance. Although the major controller of the long-term CSL changes is driven by climatological factors, the seismicity of the basin creates local changes in base level. These local base-level changes should be considered in any CSL reconstruction.

Journal of African Earth Sciences

Abstract Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binaloo... more Abstract Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binalood Mountains, NE Iran) with a thickness of 334 m consists of three units (in ascending order): dolostone with intercalations sandstone, middle basaltic sill, and upper dolostone. Three types of dolomite have been identified based on crystal size and shape. Fine crystalline dolomite (D1; finer than 30 μm) consist of Nonplanar-a dolomites. Fine to medium crystalline dolomite (D2; 20 to 150 μm) consist of mostly Nonplanar-a dolomites and some dolomites are Planar-s and Planar-e. Vein dolomites (Vd; 40 to 700 μm) have a very diverse crystalline texture and are mostly Planar-s, Planar-e and some Nonplanar-a. Cathodoluminescence technique studies also showed that most of these dolomites have dull red luminescence, in some veins with bright red luminescence and zoning. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ICP-OES, all dolomites are nearly stoichiometric dolomite and relatively well ordered. Elemental analysis and stable isotope studies show that the concentration of minor elements such as sodium (D1: 822–1365 ppm; D2: 1016–1241 ppm; Vd: 971–1072 ppm), strontium (D1: 257–963 ppm; D2: 134–1334 ppm; Vd: 144–379 ppm), manganese (D1: 560–3675 ppm; D2: 1039–2168 ppm; Vd: 1818–3454 ppm), and iron (D1: 15997-30080 ppm; D2: 8288–18456 ppm; Vd: 19304-25618 ppm) in these dolomites were high and the values of the stable isotope of oxygen (D1: -9.1 to −5.9‰; D2: -7.6 to −6.1‰; Vd: -11.1 to −7.2‰) and carbon (D1: -3.5 to −2.5‰; D2: -5.2 to −1.3‰; Vd: -2 to −1.6‰) were low. The high values of iron and manganese and depletion of the carbon and oxygen isotopes can be related to the effects of high-temperature diagenetic fluids caused by basaltic sill during the burial. These dolomites formed in tidal environment and burial diagenesis in this Formation. Seawater, connate seawaters, saline basinal fluid, and magnesium-rich hypersaline fluids are the main source of magnesium ion (Mg2+) for dolomites of this Formation.

$Research paper thumbnail of Integration of sonic and resistivity conventional logs for identification of fracture parameters in the carbonate reservoirs (A case study, Carbonate Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin, SW Iran)$

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019

Carbonates and Evaporites

The Asmari Formation with Oligo-Miocene in age and a carbonate-siliciclastic lithology is conside... more The Asmari Formation with Oligo-Miocene in age and a carbonate-siliciclastic lithology is considered as one of the main hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Zagros Basin of Iran. In this research, with the target of unraveling the reservoir heterogeneity, a comprehensive rock typing was performed using all available geological and petrophysical data. The procedure for reservoir rock typing was started with the identifying of sedimentary rock types derived from the description of cored intervals and the study of thin sections from 7 cored wells. These studies led to the identifying and classification of 12 sedimentary facies related to the inner, middle, and outer parts of a carbonate ramp platform. The statistical clustering algorithms were applied using Multi-Resolution Graph-based Clustering approach on well log data, resulting in the recognition of five electrofacies (EFs). Accordingly, five hydraulic flow units (HFUs), based on the flow zone indicator method were defined in the reservoir interval. A compatible relationship between EFs and HFUs demonstrates that changes in petrophysical attributes are mainly controlled by diagenetic features. By examining special core analysis data, appropriate capillary pressure curves were correlated with the identified reservoir rock types. The methodology used in this study shows the reservoir heterogeneity in addition to primary depositional texture is controlled by the effect of diagenetic processes such as compaction, cementation, dissolution, dolomitization, and fracturing. Dolomitization, dissolution, and fracturing are the main diagenetic processes, showing significant effect on increasing and improving the reservoir quality. According to the results, among different reservoir zones of the Asmari, zones 1, 2, 3, and 4 are considered as the most favorable zones from the reservoir quality and production point of view in the studied field.

Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology, 2021

The conjugation of two or more Artificial Intelligent (AI) models used to design a single model t... more The conjugation of two or more Artificial Intelligent (AI) models used to design a single model that has increased in popularity over the recent years for exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this research, we have successfully predicted shear wave velocity (Vs) with higher accuracy through the integration of statistical and AI models using petrophysical data in a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic heterogeneous reservoir. In the designed code for multi-model, first Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) is used to select the more relevant input variables from petrophysical data using weight coefficients of a suggested function. The most influential petrophysical data (Vp, NPHI, RHOB) are passed to Ant colony optimization (ACOR) for training and establishing initial connection weights and biases of back propagation (BP) algorithm. Afterward, BP training algorithm is applied for final weights and acceptable prediction of shear wave velocity. This novel methodology is illustrated by usi...

Sedimentary Geology, 2021

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020

Abstract The Asmari reservoir in the Bibi Hakimeh anticline mainly consists of carbonate rocks. T... more Abstract The Asmari reservoir in the Bibi Hakimeh anticline mainly consists of carbonate rocks. This reservoir shows an evident heterogeneity across the Bibi Hakimeh structure particularly in the variation rate of oil production in different parts of the oilfield. In order to reveal reasons causing this heterogeneity and mapping distribution of such heterogeneities, different sedimentological and petrophysical approaches including hydraulic flow units (HFU) along with electro-facies (EF) analysis were employed. Accordingly, Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) and Radius 35% (R35) methods were used for HFUs determination, while Multi Resolution Graph-based Clustering (MRGC) approach was applied to classify EFs. This study indicates that although upper parts of the Asmari reservoir are dominated by muddy facies (such as mudstone and dolomudstone to wackestone), several diagenetic features particularly dolomitization and fracturing alongside dissolution contributed to increase reservoir quality effectively. These features made efficient connection between pore network and reservoir quality enhanced efficiently through increasing matrix permeability. Also, a compatible relationship between EFs and HFUs as well as pore radius classes demonstrates that changes in petrophysical attributes mainly have controlled by diagenetic features. Two sectors include NW and center parts of the oilfield show the best quality in terms of reservoir quality. This study provided a comprehensive examination to evaluate the variation of heterogeneities within the carbonate reservoir based on sedimentological and petrophysical characteristics which could be beneficial for identification of the most desirable areas of the anticline for hydrocarbon accumulation and production.

Geological Journal, 2018

The Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic fluvial to shallow marine Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations together... more The Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic fluvial to shallow marine Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations together form one of the main reservoir successions in the Kopeh Dagh–Amu Darya Basin (NE Iran, Turkmenistan, and north of Afghanistan). Sedimentary facies and thickness changes in the Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations show complex variations throughout the basin, which highlight the importance of understanding the controlling factors on facies distribution and depositional setting for future hydrocarbon exploration. Integration of 3D seismic data, 13 boreholes, and five surface stratigraphic sections led to identification of lithofacies and facies associations. The results allow subdivision of this siliciclastic succession into four stratigraphic units (A, B, C, and D). Our study indicates that base‐level changes interacted with palaeotopography inherited from Middle Jurassic basin rifting, Upper Jurassic carbonate reefs/patch reef distributions, and reactivation of the deep basin faults, to control the Shurijeh–Shatlyk depositional setting and sedimentary facies distribution. Our findings show that the Aghdarband and Badkhyz–Maimana palaeo‐highs affected the Kopeh Dagh–Amu Darya Basin throughout deposition of the Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations. Allogeneic processes and active tectonics, related to the Valanginian Late Cimmerian Orogeny, caused a base‐level fall, exposure of Upper Jurassic carbonate sediments, and deposition of a carbonate pebbly conglomerate unit in the western part of the study area. This base‐level fall led to the deposition of thick evaporites in the western area and conglomerate in the eastern parts of the Kopeh Dagh. Due to a Hauterivian sea‐/base‐level rise, several deltas formed in the basin, which form the main reservoir zone in the Murgab Depression and Khangiran Field in Turkmenistan and Iran.

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 2019

Historical Biology, 2018

The Kopet-Dagh Basin is a large sedimentary basin in northeastern Iran that host the giant Khangi... more The Kopet-Dagh Basin is a large sedimentary basin in northeastern Iran that host the giant Khangiran and Gonbadli gas fields. The Mozduran Formation with its various sedimentary facies is an important reservoir widely distributed in the basin. A sedimentological analysis of Upper Jurassic Mozduran Formation resulted in an accurate reconstruction of the sedimentary environments and the sequence stratigraphic framework south of Aghdarband. The strata consist of six different facies associations including 12 carbonate, one evaporate and two siliciclastic subfacies. On the basis of their various components, structural and textural characteristics, these facies were deposited on a homoclinal ramp in tidal flat to open marine environments ranging from supratidal to subtidal settings. Facies A1 and A2 represent open marine, B1-B4 Shoal, C1-C4 lagoonal and D1, D2, E, T1 and T2 tidal flat and Salina environments. In addition, based on detailed field and laboratory studies on the facies architecture, several large-scale (long-term) depositional sequences could be distinguished in the stratigraphic sections of the study area. These sequences are composed of LST, TST and HST that are separated by a SB1 and SB2 sequence boundaries. The paleogeography of the study area during the Late Jurassic time is reconstructed in five block diagrams. tents were measured by using percentage charts (Flügel 2010). Carbonate facies nomenclature is based on Dunham's (1962) classification. Identification of depositional sequences and sea-level changes were interpreted based on the studies of Carozzi (1993),

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018

The Gachsaran oilfield is one of the largest oilfields in the Zagros basin and the Asmari Formati... more The Gachsaran oilfield is one of the largest oilfields in the Zagros basin and the Asmari Formation is a primary reservoir rock in it. In this study, the reservoir rock typing has been carried out by a combination of microscopic (microfacies and diagenesis) and petrophysical (electrofacies and hydraulic flow units) studies. Microscopic studies of 478 thin sections from core samples led to identification of 11 microfacies belonging to 4 facies belts including tidal flat, lagoon, shoal, and open marine as well as diagenetic phenomena such as micritization, bioturbation, neomorphism, compaction, dissolution, cementation, dolomitization, and anhydrzation. In order to determine the rock types, the effects of diagenesis on distribution of porosity-permeability data in the petrophysical diagram were investigated and eventually 12 geological rock types introduced. Concepts of electrofacies and hydraulic flow units have been used to determine the petrophysical rock types and then their propagation in non-cored depths and wells. In this context, by means of the well logging data cluster analysis in the Paradigm TM Geolog 6.7.1 software, 4 electrofacies were determined and modeled. The validity of these electrofacies was examined through their correlation with 12 geological rock types, core porosity-permeability data, and capillary pressure curves. Furthermore, by using core porosity-permeability data, the flow zone indicators were calculated and accordingly 6 flow units identified in the framework of discrete rock types. Subsequently we tried to validate these flow units by using estimation of permeability for each of them and their comparison with core permeability, and also correlating flow units with capillary pressure curves. Finally, in order to predict the flow zone indicators and propagation of the flow units in the non-cored depths and wells, modeling of flow zone indicators was carried out by establishing a quantitative relation between calculated flow zone indicators and well logging data in the software. The results of this research can be useful for hydrocarbon development and production in the future of this oilfield and similar fields.

Ui Journals System, Jun 15, 2014

. هدی باوی، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زمین شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اسدالله محبوبی، است... more . هدی باوی، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زمین شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اسدالله محبوبی، استاد گروه زمین‏شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد * رضا موسوی حرمی، استاد گروه زمین‏شناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد حامد زند مقدم، استادیار گروه زمین‏شناسی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان چکیده جهت مطالعه ریز رخساره‏ها و چینه‏نگاری سکانسی سازند درنجال، سه برش داهوئیه، گتکوئیه و گزوئیه به ضخامت‏های 160، 140 و 130 متر واقع در شرق و جنوب شرق زرند، شمال غرب کرمان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بر اساس مطالعات پتروگرافی، 11 رخساره رسوبی شناسایی شد که شامل 1 مجموعه رخساره آواری ( S ) و 3 مجموعه رخساره کربناته ( T ، L و B ) است. رخساره‏های آواری شامل 2 پتروفاسیس کوارتزآرنایتی و گلسنگی است. رخساره‏های کربناته شامل مجموعه رخساره T (شامل 2 رخساره دولومادستون و باندستون استروماتولیتی)، مجموعه رخساره L (شامل 4 رخساره پکستون پلوئیدی، وکستون بیوکلاستی، پکستون اائید-اینتراکلاستی و فلوتستون اینتراکلاستی) و مجموعه رخساره B (شامل 3 رخساره گرینستون اائیدی، گرینستون اائید-اینتراکلاستی و روداستون اینتراکلاستی) است. آنالیز رخساره‏ها نشان می‏دهد که نهشته‏های سازند درنجال در محیطی جزر و مدی راسب شده‏اند به طوری که مجموعه رخساره S و T مربوط به سوپراتایدال و اینترتایدال، مجموعه رخساره L مربوط به ساب تایدال (لاگون) و مجموعه رخساره B مربوط به کانال‏های جزر ومدی و بعضاً ناحیه سدی است. آنالیز چینه‏نگاری سکانسی در برش‏های مورد مطالعه نشان می‏دهد که نهشته‏های سازند درنجال از یک سکانس رسوبی رده سوم تشکیل شده‏اند. این سکانس در برش‏های داهوئیه و گتکوئیه از سه دسته رخساره‏ای ( LST ، TST و HST ) و در برش گزوئیه تنها از دو دسته رخساره‏ای ( TST و HST ) تشکیل شده است. جایگاه نهشته‏های مورد مطالعه در جغرافیای دیرینه زمان کامبرین به گونه‏ای است که این نهشته‏های در حاشیه شمالی اقیانوس تتیس (پرتوپالئوتتیس) در پلتفرم کم عمقی از نوع رمپ و تحت تأثیر جریان‏های جزر و مدی برجای گذاشته شده‏اند. مقایسه این نهشته‏ها با نهشته‏های معادل در کشورهای همجوار منعکس کننده عمیق‏تر شدن حوضه رسوبی به سمت شمال است

Contributions to Modern and Ancient Tidal Sedimentology, 2016

Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2016

The Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) Mozduran Formation is the most important gas reservoi... more The Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) Mozduran Formation is the most important gas reservoirs of the northeast Iran. Siliciclastic facies of this formation in eastern most parts of the basin have not been studied yet. Therefore, four stratigraphic sections of Mozduran Formation have been selected in the Kole-Malekabad, Kale-Karab, Deraz-Ab and Karizak to interpret depositional history and analyze depositional sequences. Based on texture and sedimentary structures, 14 slilciclastic lithofacies were identified and classified into four categories, including conglomerate (Gms, Gp, Gt), sandstone (Sh, Sp, St, Sr, Sl, Sm, Se), mud rock (Fl) and intermediate sandstone-mud rock (Sr (Fl), Sr/Fl, Fl (Sr)). Identified lithofacies formed four architectural elements CH, SB, LA and FF. Lithofacies characteristics and architectural elements with mostly bimodal pattern of paleocurrents show that the majority of Mozduran lithofacies deposited in the coastal environment (tidal influence). Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that the Kole-Malekabad section consists of two depositional sequences while other sections are characterized by three depositional sequences. The lower and upper sequence boundaries of the Mozduran Formation in all stratigraphic sections are SB1 that are distinguished by paleosol and sometime conglomerate horizons. Most of depositional sequences in studied sections are composed only of TST and HST. The TST deposits consist mostly of quartzarenite and litharenite petrofacies that have been deposited in the tidal zone. HST packages are mostly including mud rocks with interdeds of sandstone lithofacies that are deposited in supratidal setting. The LST facies is recognized only in the DS3 (equivalent to the second depositional sequences of the Kole-Malekabad), which consist of conglomerate facies. Instead, the Kole-Malekabad section is often composed of supratidal gypsiferrous shales, indicating sea level fall in the study area.

Iranian International Journal of Science, Jan 12, 2004

Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2021

Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binalood Mountai... more Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binalood Mountains, NE Iran) with a thickness of 334 m consists of three units (in ascending order): dolostone with intercalations sandstone, middle basaltic sill, and upper dolostone. Three types of dolomite have been identified based on crystal size and shape. Fine crystalline dolomite (D1; finer than 30 μm) consist of Nonplanar-a dolomites. Fine to medium crystalline dolomite (D2; 20 to 150 μm) consist of mostly Nonplanar-a dolomites and some dolomites are Planar-s and Planar-e. Vein dolomites (Vd; 40 to 700 μm) have a very diverse crystalline texture and are mostly Planar-s, Planar-e and some Nonplanar-a. Cathodoluminescence technique studies also showed that most of these dolomites have dull red luminescence, in some veins with bright red luminescence and zoning. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ICP-OES, all dolomites are nearly stoichiometric dolomite and relatively well ordered. Elemental...

Geosciences Journal, 2017

Bangestan reservoir includes Sarvak and Ilam formations in the Mansouri oilfield consists mainly ... more Bangestan reservoir includes Sarvak and Ilam formations in the Mansouri oilfield consists mainly of carbonate rocks. In this research, we tried to overcome the problems in reservoir studies using well-logs data which are available in almost all wells in the oilfield. For this purpose, well-logs data from wells A and C were used as input data for the construction of electro-facies modeling. In the following, a model with 5 electro-facies was created and then this model was calibrated by microfacies in well A and core data such as porosity and permeability in the both wells in related to Sarvak Formation (wells A and C). The results of calibration reveal a good correlation between core data and electro-facies, so this model was propagated to un-cored wells in oilfield. The results of the study showed that reservoir quality from electro-facies 1 to 5 increases, respectively and pay zones of 2 in Ilam, 4 and 6 in Sarvak formations have the best reservoir quality. In order to future study, the velocity deviation log (VDL) that is mainly dependent on the type of dominant porosity in reservoir, was investigated to the specified electro-facies. Therefore, this log can be used as a tool for establishment of connection between porosity types and petrophysical data such as electro-facies.

First World Young Earth- …, 2009

Ardak Watershed with an area of about 497 km2 is one of the tributaries of Kashaf Rud River Water... more Ardak Watershed with an area of about 497 km2 is one of the tributaries of Kashaf Rud River Watershed in north east Iran, which consists of two main rivers. This catchment is located in the Kopet-Dagh structural zone and Ardak Watershed is surrounded by ...