Reza Norouzirad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Reza Norouzirad

Pharmacological Reports, Jun 1, 2023

Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jul 10, 2019

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Mar 8, 2022

Aim This study aimed to determine the association of urinary microalbumin concentrations with typ... more Aim This study aimed to determine the association of urinary microalbumin concentrations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its phenotypes. The optimum cut-off values of urinary microalbumin and microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (MCR) for predicting the chance of having T2DM and MetS were also defined. Methods Adult men and women ( n = 1192) participated in the sixth phase (2014-2017) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), with completed data, were included in the analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) (and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of T2DM, MetS, and its components across tertile categories of urinary microalbumin concentrations were estimated using multivariable logistic regressions. The optimal cut-off points of urinary microalbumin and MCR were determined using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Participants’ mean (±SD) age was 44.9 (±14.0) years, and 44.6% of the participants were men. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 14.4%. Chance of having T2DM was significantly higher in the highest tertile of urinary microalbumin concentration (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.43-3.67) and MCR (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.15-2.89). Subjects with the highest urinary microalbumin concentration were more likely to have MetS (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.17-2.35), hypertension (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.16-2.30) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.24-2.56). No significant association was observed between urinary microalbumin concentrations and other components of MetS. The optimal cut-off points of urinary microalbumin for predicting the chance of having T2DM and MetS were 14.0 and 13.6 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions Elevated spot urinary microalbumin, below the values defined as microalbuminuria, was associated with the chance of having T2DM and MetS.

Nutrition & Metabolism, 2022

Background We aimed to estimate salt intake among an Iranian population using spot urine-based eq... more Background We aimed to estimate salt intake among an Iranian population using spot urine-based equations and a dietary-based method. Methods Adult men and women (n = 2069) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2014–2017). Urinary sodium (Na), potassium (K), and creatinine (Cr) concentrations were measured in the morning spot urine samples. The 24-h urinary Na excretion and predicted salt intake was estimated using five equations, i.e., Kawasaki, Tanaka, Intersalt, Toft, and Whitton. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary intake of salt. The agreement of each urinary- and FFQ-based salt estimation with the overall mean of the methods, considered as the gold standard, was assessed using the Bland–Altman method. Results Mean age of the participants was 45.6 ± 14.8 y, and 45.4% were men. Mean (SD) estimated salt intake, derived from the overall mean of the methods, was 9.0 ± 2.2 g/d (10.2 ± 2.1 and 7.9 ± 1.7 g/d in men and women, resp...

Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019

Archives of Medical Research, 2021

BACKGROUND In postmenopausal women, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is associated with obesity and t... more BACKGROUND In postmenopausal women, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims at determining the long-term effects of low-dose nitrate administration on metabolic and obesity indices in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS OVX rat model was induced using the two dorsolateral skin incision method. Two months after ovariectomy, rats were divided into three groups (n = 10/group): Control, OVX, and OVX+nitrate, and the latter received sodium nitrate at a dose of 100 mg/L in their drinking water for nine months. Fasting serum glucose and lipid profile were measured every month. A glucose tolerance test was performed at months 1, 3, and 9 (the end of the study). Obesity indices were calculated, and histological analyses were performed on the gonadal adipose tissues at month 9. RESULTS OVX rats had impaired fasting glucose, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia with higher obesity indices at month 9. Nitrate improved glucose and lipid metabolism in OVX rats and decreased body weight (6.9%), body mass index (12.5%), Lee index (5.4%), adiposity index (23.9%), abdominal circumference (10.5%), and thoracic circumference (17.1%). Also, nitrate decreased adipocyte area by 49% and increased adipocyte density by 193% in gonadal adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Long-term low-dose nitrate administration improves glucose and lipid metabolism in OVX rats in association with decreasing OVX-induced adiposity, increasing adipocyte density, and decreasing adipocyte area. These findings provide support for a potential therapeutic role of nitrate in postmenopausal women with some features of metabolic syndrome.

Background Urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are related to dietary intakes of Na and K, and ... more Background Urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are related to dietary intakes of Na and K, and well-known risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between urinary Na/K ratio and different dietary patterns. Methods we recruited 1864 adult men and women (aged 18-93 years), participated in the sixth examination of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Fasting spot urine samples were collected and concentrations of Na and K were determined. The principle component analysis (PCA) was conducted to drive major dietary patterns among population. Mediterranean dietary pattern score, as well as DASH score, were calculated. Linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables were used to assess associations between dietary patterns scores and urinary Na/K ratio. Results Mean age of participants was 43.7±13.9 years, and 47% were men. Mean urinary Na and K concentrations were 139±41.0 and 57.9±18.6 mmol/L, respectively. M...

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Aim: We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of nitrate (NO3) in patients with type 2 diabetes m... more Aim: We aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of nitrate (NO3) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy adults. Potential effects of salivary nitrate reductase (NR) activity on cardiometabolic responses to an acute dose of NO3 was also assessed. Methods: Nine healthy adults and nine T2DM patients were recruited to consume a NO3-rich breakfast (~410 mg NO3). Pharmacokinetics of NO3 were examined using repeated measurements of NOx (nitrate+nitrite) concentrations of serum and saliva over 8 hours and NO3 concentrations of spot and 24-h urine samples. Cardiometabolic parameters including serum levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides as well as blood pressures were also measured. Results: Compared to patients with T2DM, serum NOx concentration (Δ1= 16.7 vs. 4.4 µmol/L, P=0.057) of healthy subjects sharply increased within 1 hour after NO3 loading. Healthy subjects had a higher NR activity index, and higher peak salivary NO3 concentration with a lower time to pea...

Immunopathologia Persa

Introduction: Cancers is considered as the third reason of death after cardiovascular disease and... more Introduction: Cancers is considered as the third reason of death after cardiovascular disease and accidents. These types of disease are one of the most critical issues in health and treatment in Iran and the world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiologic investigation on types of cancers in Dezful. Patients and Methods: In this epidemiologic study, recorded data of cancers during 2006-2011 was considered. The data were gathered from all of health centers, pathobiology laboratories, and all public and private hospitals in the city of Dezful. Additionally the data of oncology and radiotherapy departments were considered. The, incidence rate in every 100 000 people had been calculated in subgroups of gender and age groups. Results: Of 2202 registered cases of cancers during 6 years in Dezful, 42.38% were female and 57.61% were male. Cancer incidence during 6 years reached to 525 (incidence of 111.68 per 100 000) in 2011 to 223 (incidence 55.4 per 100 000) in 2006. During this period, skin cancers (16.47 per 100 000) and stomach (10.88 per 100 000) had the highest incidence. The most common cancers in males and females were skin and breast cancers, respectively. Breast cancer in females had two peaks from ages 50-54 years and more than 85 years old. Conclusion: Regarding ascending order of cancer incidence in the region and also the high incidence of skin and stomach cancers, preventive modalities including individuals' personal protection of sunlight and dietary patterns modification are suggested. Additionally, individual's screening and self-examining are suggested too.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis

The Science of the total environment, Jan 14, 2018

Oil fields are a source of heavy metal pollution, but few studies have evaluated its impact on th... more Oil fields are a source of heavy metal pollution, but few studies have evaluated its impact on the intake of these contaminants through milk, an important food especially for children. From February 2015 to 2016, 118 samples of raw cow's milk, 14 of fodder and 8 of water in Southwest Iran were collected from farms close to oil fields or related industries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels were evaluated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean±SE in milk and fodder were 47.0±3.9 and 54.0±6.9μg/kg for Pb, and 4.7±1.0 and 3.5±1.3μg/kg for Cd. No Pb or Cd was detected in water. Most milk samples (82.2%) for Pb were above the permissible limits (20μg/kg). Exposure to Pb and Cd from milk consumption was calculated in two scenarios: mean and maximum exposure for the age range of 2-90years. The intake of an average Iranian adult (25years, 60kg b. w., 0.14kg milk/day) would be 6.6μg Pb and 0.66μg Cd/day (WI of 46.2 and 4.6μg, respectively), well below the risk values pr...

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associat... more The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO-dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity-related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic-related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficia...

Journal of Current Ophthalmology, 2016

Purpose: To determine the distribution of anterior eye biometry indices, such as keratometry pach... more Purpose: To determine the distribution of anterior eye biometry indices, such as keratometry pachymetry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter, and corneal diameter, as measured by Orbscan instrument in a young Iranian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Objective and subjective refraction were performed followed by Orbscan imaging. Results: A total of 1330 subjects were selected, 1121 of which participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final analysis was performed on the data of 1051 subjects. The mean age of the participants was 26.1 ± 3.2 years (19e34 years old). The mean ± SD and 95% confidence interval (CI) of maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, pupil diameter, corneal diameter, ACD, and central corneal thickness was 44.5 ± 1.7 (44.4e44.6), 43.1 ± 1.6 (43.0e43.2), 4.3 ± 0.9 (4.3e4.4), 11.7 ± 0.4 (11.7e11.7), 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.6e3.7), and 550.5 ± 35 (548.4e552.6), respectively. After adjusting for age and the mean spherical equivalent (MSE), maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, central corneal thickness, and the thinnest pachymetry were statistically significantly higher in female subjects (P < 0.001) whilst the corneal diameter and ACD were higher in male subjects (P < 0.001). The pupil diameter and ACD showed statistically significant changes with age (P < 0.001). The MSE was only correlated with maximum keratometry and ACD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, the distribution of Orbscan measurements for the anterior segment parameters was reported in a large sample of the young Iranian population. Age, gender, and refractive error may affect the orbscan measurements.

Journal of ophthalmic & vision research, 2014

To determine the range of contrast sensitivity (CS) and its determinants in a normal population, ... more To determine the range of contrast sensitivity (CS) and its determinants in a normal population, Mashhad, Iran. In this cross-sectional population based study, 4,453 individuals were invited of whom 3,132 persons agreed to participate (response rate, 70.4%). CS data from 2,449 eligible individuals were analyzed. CS was determined using the Cambridge low contrast square-wave grating test, and its associations with age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) refractive error, were analyzed. Mean age of the participants was 29.1±17.3 (range, 4-89) years and 66.4% were female. Mean CS was 239.6±233.3 and 234.6±228.6 cps in right and left eyes, respectively. Mean binocular CS was 310.9±249.0 cps. Multiple linear regression showed that CS was inversely correlated with older age (β=-1.1, P<0.001), female gender (β=-40.1, P<0.001), poorer BCVA (β=-165.4, P<0.001), and severity of myopia (β=-10.2, P<0.001). The normal range...

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2009

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection are the most important infections transmitted by th... more Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection are the most important infections transmitted by the parenteral route in hemodialysis patients. This study is the first report of prevalence of viral hepatitis and hepatitis C virus genotypes in southwest Iran among hemodialysis patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 214 hemodialysis patients of the Central hemodialysis unit, from March 2005 to August 2006. Serum samples were tested for HBsAg and anti-HCV using specific enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits and confirmed by PCR (HBV) and RT PCR (HCV). HCV genotypes were determined with HCV genotype specific primers using HCV genotype kit. Out of 214 hemodialysis patients, 34 were positive for anti-HCV (7.9%, 95% CI: 4.32-11.56) and 11 for HBsAg (5.1%, 95% CI: 2.18-8.1). The duration of treatment by hemo-dialysis was significantly associated with HBV and HCV positivity (P< 0.001). The predominant HCV genotype in the region was 1a (41.1%, 7/17), whilst genotypes 3a and...