Reza Tohidi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Reza Tohidi
Research Square (Research Square), Apr 17, 2023
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
The intron-exon structure of Khorasan native fowl interleukin-2 (IL-2) was investigated. For this... more The intron-exon structure of Khorasan native fowl interleukin-2 (IL-2) was investigated. For this purpose, twenty chickens were selected from the Native Fowl Breeding Station of Khorasan province, and genomic DNA was extracted using a modified conventional DNA extraction protocol. An 875 bp fragment of IL-2 was successfully amplified, including a small part of the promoter, exon 1, intron 1, and exon 2. To report a novel mutation in IL-2, PCRsequencing techniques were applied to the gene obtained from Khorasan native fowls. Then, the sequences were compared to evaluate gene mutations using CLC Main Workbench V. 5.5. The I-TASSER server was used to predict the 3-dimensional structure and function of protein molecules from amino acid sequences. The results of the comparison showed mutations in the DNA fragments of the sample birds, which caused changes in the amino acid content of IL-2. Substitutions at points 733, 738, 744, and 794 bp in the sequence were for C/A, A/T, C/A, and C/T, ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 2016
Abstract Book of the …, 2007
[摘要]: 正 The increasing rate of world population growth has encouraged policy makers in the animal... more [摘要]: 正 The increasing rate of world population growth has encouraged policy makers in the animal husbandry sector to explore ways to increase production in each animal unit. In addition to aiming for maximum feed conversion, broiler feed is usually prepared in such a ...
INTRODUCTION In recent years the widespread use of few genetically superior and outstanding prove... more INTRODUCTION In recent years the widespread use of few genetically superior and outstanding proven sires has caused concern the industry with inbreeding problems. Inbreeding is the mating of animals that are related. It makes pairs of genes alike and thus may reduces genetic diversity of each animal and has harmful effects on production and reproduction traits (Falconer, 1989). The harmful impact of inbreeding on milk production traits has been reported in many studies. Miglior (1994), using records of Canadian Holstein cows, reported that on average the inbreeding depression per each 1% increase in inbreeding is 24.8 kg and 0.9 kg, respectively, for milk and fat yields. For U.S. Holstein cows, estimates were much larger, and were –29.6 kg and –1.1 kg (Wiggans, et al., 1995) and –37.0 kg and –1.0 kg (Cassell, 1999), respectively, for milk and fat yield for each 1% increase in inbreeding. For Iran Holsteins, there is no investigations dealing with inbreeding. The objective of present...
AMB Express, 2021
We designed this project to determine the nutritional potential and ruminal microbial fermentatio... more We designed this project to determine the nutritional potential and ruminal microbial fermentation properties of eight rangeland plants (Dracocephalum moldavica L., Melissa officinalis L., Ruta graveolens L., Perovskia abrotanoides Kar., Cichorium intybus L., Borago officinalis L., Peganum harmala L., and Teucrium polium L.) collected from the semi-arid region of Iran at two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) for ruminant diets. Medicago sativa as a common forage was also considered as control. We determined the chemical-mineral composition, buffering capacity, in vitro gas yield, ruminal fermentation, and protozoa population in a culture medium with the standard laboratory methods. A significant difference in chemical-mineral compounds was observed among the studied plants (p
Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2013
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth ... more Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth in poultry. An effective method to inhibit salmonellosis is to increase the genetic resistance of poultry to Salmonella through genetic selection programmes that may be performed using phenotypic or genotypic data. A better understanding of the effects of Salmonella infection on the expression of inflammatory and anti-infectious cytokines and antimicrobial molecules is essential for choosing potential markers in selection programmes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of NRAMP1, TLR4, IL8 and IFNg genes in the caecum and spleen of Malaysian village chickens and red jungle fowl 48 h after inoculation with SE. Real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to quantify the foldchange in mRNA expression. The results showed that all the genes were highly expressed 48 h post-infection in the caecum of the village chickens. Overall, these results showed that Malaysian indigenous chickens have appropriate innate immune responses to SE infection.
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth ... more Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth in poultry. The main source of infection for humans is contaminated food especially poultry products. Protocol to control salmonellosis is similar that of other infectious diseases. However, resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics and non-effectiveness of vaccination have been reported. The effective method for inhibition of salmonellosis is increasing of genetic resistance of poultry to Salmonella through genetic selection programs that may be performed based on phenotypic or genotypic data. There are two major problems in the traditional selection for disease resistance. First, the heritability for resistance to salmonellosis is low and second, collection of data is generally not feasible, hazardous and impractical. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been introduced to improve these kinds of traits. For this goal, the choice of a suitable molecular marker or a candidate gene that be...
Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2020
High temperature is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry ... more High temperature is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry industry, as it reduces growth and production performance of chickens. The heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a key role in cellular defense mechanisms during exposure in a hot environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of the candidate genes in the liver of Khorasan native chickens under acute heat stress. Sixteen 42 days old chickens were divided into two groups; the control (25 ˚C and 50% humidity) and heat-treated (42 ˚C and 50% humidity), and then the liver was sampled. The level of gene expression of HSPB1, HSPB9, SERPINH1, HSPA2 and HSP110 were evaluated using the reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that the expression of HSPA2 and HSP110 was significantly increased. In the biological processes of gene ontology, three processes had FDR < 0.01. HSPA2 and HSPB1 i...
Journal of Applied Animal Research
Salmonella infection is an important risk to public health, as newly hatched chicks are very sens... more Salmonella infection is an important risk to public health, as newly hatched chicks are very sensitive to Salmonella and the infection transfers to humans through contaminated meat and eggs. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment are common strategies to control salmonellosis. However, it is doubtful whether these strategies succeed, because immune functions depend on the activity of several genes. Genetic improvement of the immune system is an effective method to control salmonellosis. There is genetic variation among breeds and individuals inside breeds in terms of resistance to infection. Genes responsible for resistance to disease can be identified through quantitative trait loci and gene expression analysis. High-throughput technologies assist us to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to analyse the regulation of several genes simultaneously. By now, several SNPs have been detected in the chicken genome that influence the function of immune genes. Additionally, the expression level of genes varies during infection depending on the breed and age of chicken and environmental conditions. This review summarizes the results of previous studies on the identification of genes and gene regulation during Salmonella infection in chickens.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2016
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of non-genetic factors on the growth behavior of I... more A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of non-genetic factors on the growth behavior of Iran-Black sheep. The data of growth performances, birth weight (BW), weaning weight (W3), weight at 6, 9and 12 months of age (W6, W9 and W12, respectively), were taken from 1522 lambs belonging to data bank from Abbas Abad Sheep Breeding Station located at the Northeast of Iran during a period of five years. Statistical analyses were performed using a general linear model including non-genetic factors: lamb sex, birth year and litter size as main effects, the lamb's age when weighed as covariate, and the interactions between these factors. Results showed that all traits were significantly (P<0.001) affected by all factors. However, no interaction between the factors was found for all traits. Environmental factors have very important roles in the development and growth of Iran-Black sheep at different ages. Therefore, a correction is necessary to increase the accuracy of direct selection on lamb weight at different growth stages. KeywordsIran-Black sheep, Growth traits, Environmental factors. I.
Journal of Animal Production Advances, 2013
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007
Avian Pathology, 2012
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the... more Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of S. Enteritidis contamination for humans. Among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to S. Enteritidis has been the most effective approach. We investigated the association between S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunological functions. The genes included those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-g (IFN-g), transforming growth factor b2 (TGF-b2), immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Two Malaysian indigenous chicken breeds were used as sustainable genetic sources of alleles that are resistant to salmonellosis. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the candidate genes. Three different genotypes were observed in all of the candidate genes, except for MD-2. All of the candidate genes showed the HardyÁWeinberg equilibrium for the two populations. The IL-2-MnlI polymorphism was associated with S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum and spleen. The TGF-b2-RsaI, TLR-4-Sau 96I, and iNOS-AluI polymorphisms were associated with the caecum S. Enteritidis load. The other candidate genes were not associated with S. Enteritidis load in any organ. The results indicate that the IL-2, TGF-b2, TLR-4, and iNOS genes are potential candidates for use in selection programmes for increasing genetic resistance against S. Enteritidis in Malaysian indigenous chickens.
Research Square (Research Square), Apr 17, 2023
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
The intron-exon structure of Khorasan native fowl interleukin-2 (IL-2) was investigated. For this... more The intron-exon structure of Khorasan native fowl interleukin-2 (IL-2) was investigated. For this purpose, twenty chickens were selected from the Native Fowl Breeding Station of Khorasan province, and genomic DNA was extracted using a modified conventional DNA extraction protocol. An 875 bp fragment of IL-2 was successfully amplified, including a small part of the promoter, exon 1, intron 1, and exon 2. To report a novel mutation in IL-2, PCRsequencing techniques were applied to the gene obtained from Khorasan native fowls. Then, the sequences were compared to evaluate gene mutations using CLC Main Workbench V. 5.5. The I-TASSER server was used to predict the 3-dimensional structure and function of protein molecules from amino acid sequences. The results of the comparison showed mutations in the DNA fragments of the sample birds, which caused changes in the amino acid content of IL-2. Substitutions at points 733, 738, 744, and 794 bp in the sequence were for C/A, A/T, C/A, and C/T, ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 2016
Abstract Book of the …, 2007
[摘要]: 正 The increasing rate of world population growth has encouraged policy makers in the animal... more [摘要]: 正 The increasing rate of world population growth has encouraged policy makers in the animal husbandry sector to explore ways to increase production in each animal unit. In addition to aiming for maximum feed conversion, broiler feed is usually prepared in such a ...
INTRODUCTION In recent years the widespread use of few genetically superior and outstanding prove... more INTRODUCTION In recent years the widespread use of few genetically superior and outstanding proven sires has caused concern the industry with inbreeding problems. Inbreeding is the mating of animals that are related. It makes pairs of genes alike and thus may reduces genetic diversity of each animal and has harmful effects on production and reproduction traits (Falconer, 1989). The harmful impact of inbreeding on milk production traits has been reported in many studies. Miglior (1994), using records of Canadian Holstein cows, reported that on average the inbreeding depression per each 1% increase in inbreeding is 24.8 kg and 0.9 kg, respectively, for milk and fat yields. For U.S. Holstein cows, estimates were much larger, and were –29.6 kg and –1.1 kg (Wiggans, et al., 1995) and –37.0 kg and –1.0 kg (Cassell, 1999), respectively, for milk and fat yield for each 1% increase in inbreeding. For Iran Holsteins, there is no investigations dealing with inbreeding. The objective of present...
AMB Express, 2021
We designed this project to determine the nutritional potential and ruminal microbial fermentatio... more We designed this project to determine the nutritional potential and ruminal microbial fermentation properties of eight rangeland plants (Dracocephalum moldavica L., Melissa officinalis L., Ruta graveolens L., Perovskia abrotanoides Kar., Cichorium intybus L., Borago officinalis L., Peganum harmala L., and Teucrium polium L.) collected from the semi-arid region of Iran at two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) for ruminant diets. Medicago sativa as a common forage was also considered as control. We determined the chemical-mineral composition, buffering capacity, in vitro gas yield, ruminal fermentation, and protozoa population in a culture medium with the standard laboratory methods. A significant difference in chemical-mineral compounds was observed among the studied plants (p
Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2013
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth ... more Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth in poultry. An effective method to inhibit salmonellosis is to increase the genetic resistance of poultry to Salmonella through genetic selection programmes that may be performed using phenotypic or genotypic data. A better understanding of the effects of Salmonella infection on the expression of inflammatory and anti-infectious cytokines and antimicrobial molecules is essential for choosing potential markers in selection programmes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of NRAMP1, TLR4, IL8 and IFNg genes in the caecum and spleen of Malaysian village chickens and red jungle fowl 48 h after inoculation with SE. Real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to quantify the foldchange in mRNA expression. The results showed that all the genes were highly expressed 48 h post-infection in the caecum of the village chickens. Overall, these results showed that Malaysian indigenous chickens have appropriate innate immune responses to SE infection.
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth ... more Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common cause of food-borne disease in humans and loss of growth in poultry. The main source of infection for humans is contaminated food especially poultry products. Protocol to control salmonellosis is similar that of other infectious diseases. However, resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics and non-effectiveness of vaccination have been reported. The effective method for inhibition of salmonellosis is increasing of genetic resistance of poultry to Salmonella through genetic selection programs that may be performed based on phenotypic or genotypic data. There are two major problems in the traditional selection for disease resistance. First, the heritability for resistance to salmonellosis is low and second, collection of data is generally not feasible, hazardous and impractical. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been introduced to improve these kinds of traits. For this goal, the choice of a suitable molecular marker or a candidate gene that be...
Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2020
High temperature is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry ... more High temperature is one of the main environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry industry, as it reduces growth and production performance of chickens. The heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a key role in cellular defense mechanisms during exposure in a hot environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of the candidate genes in the liver of Khorasan native chickens under acute heat stress. Sixteen 42 days old chickens were divided into two groups; the control (25 ˚C and 50% humidity) and heat-treated (42 ˚C and 50% humidity), and then the liver was sampled. The level of gene expression of HSPB1, HSPB9, SERPINH1, HSPA2 and HSP110 were evaluated using the reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that the expression of HSPA2 and HSP110 was significantly increased. In the biological processes of gene ontology, three processes had FDR < 0.01. HSPA2 and HSPB1 i...
Journal of Applied Animal Research
Salmonella infection is an important risk to public health, as newly hatched chicks are very sens... more Salmonella infection is an important risk to public health, as newly hatched chicks are very sensitive to Salmonella and the infection transfers to humans through contaminated meat and eggs. Vaccination and antibiotic treatment are common strategies to control salmonellosis. However, it is doubtful whether these strategies succeed, because immune functions depend on the activity of several genes. Genetic improvement of the immune system is an effective method to control salmonellosis. There is genetic variation among breeds and individuals inside breeds in terms of resistance to infection. Genes responsible for resistance to disease can be identified through quantitative trait loci and gene expression analysis. High-throughput technologies assist us to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to analyse the regulation of several genes simultaneously. By now, several SNPs have been detected in the chicken genome that influence the function of immune genes. Additionally, the expression level of genes varies during infection depending on the breed and age of chicken and environmental conditions. This review summarizes the results of previous studies on the identification of genes and gene regulation during Salmonella infection in chickens.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2016
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of non-genetic factors on the growth behavior of I... more A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of non-genetic factors on the growth behavior of Iran-Black sheep. The data of growth performances, birth weight (BW), weaning weight (W3), weight at 6, 9and 12 months of age (W6, W9 and W12, respectively), were taken from 1522 lambs belonging to data bank from Abbas Abad Sheep Breeding Station located at the Northeast of Iran during a period of five years. Statistical analyses were performed using a general linear model including non-genetic factors: lamb sex, birth year and litter size as main effects, the lamb's age when weighed as covariate, and the interactions between these factors. Results showed that all traits were significantly (P<0.001) affected by all factors. However, no interaction between the factors was found for all traits. Environmental factors have very important roles in the development and growth of Iran-Black sheep at different ages. Therefore, a correction is necessary to increase the accuracy of direct selection on lamb weight at different growth stages. KeywordsIran-Black sheep, Growth traits, Environmental factors. I.
Journal of Animal Production Advances, 2013
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007
Avian Pathology, 2012
Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the... more Salmonella Enteritidis is a major cause of food poisoning worldwide, and poultry products are the main source of S. Enteritidis contamination for humans. Among the numerous strategies for disease control, improving genetic resistance to S. Enteritidis has been the most effective approach. We investigated the association between S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum, spleen, and liver of young indigenous chickens and seven candidate genes, selected on the basis of their critical roles in immunological functions. The genes included those encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-g (IFN-g), transforming growth factor b2 (TGF-b2), immunoglobulin light chain (IgL), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Two Malaysian indigenous chicken breeds were used as sustainable genetic sources of alleles that are resistant to salmonellosis. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique was used to genotype the candidate genes. Three different genotypes were observed in all of the candidate genes, except for MD-2. All of the candidate genes showed the HardyÁWeinberg equilibrium for the two populations. The IL-2-MnlI polymorphism was associated with S. Enteritidis burden in the caecum and spleen. The TGF-b2-RsaI, TLR-4-Sau 96I, and iNOS-AluI polymorphisms were associated with the caecum S. Enteritidis load. The other candidate genes were not associated with S. Enteritidis load in any organ. The results indicate that the IL-2, TGF-b2, TLR-4, and iNOS genes are potential candidates for use in selection programmes for increasing genetic resistance against S. Enteritidis in Malaysian indigenous chickens.