Reza bagheri - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Reza bagheri

journal of cardio-thoracic medicine, 2020

A 35-year-old male presented with a history of chest wall pain and swelling. It was decided to pe... more A 35-year-old male presented with a history of chest wall pain and swelling. It was decided to perform a CT-scan of the thorax that revealed of a rib involvement in the right hemithorax (Fig 1). We evaluated the yield of core needle biopsy in patients that the was diagnosed lymphoproliferative disorder. Investigation abdominal and pelvic CT scan and blood tests were found no other lesions. The patient underwent resection with reconstruction mesh and cement and muscle flap (Fig 2). Final Pathologic Diagnoses for Patients was reported with Lymphoma.

Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of ca... more Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), physiological aspects of CVDs, response to diagnostic tests or interventions, and prevalence or incidence of the associated risk factors. Considering the independent influence of gender on early dire consequences of such diseases, this study was conducted to investigate gender differences in patients' beliefs about biological, environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Materials and Methods: This study has cross sectional design. The sample was composed of 775 patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation unit in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. The data were collected using clinical interview and patients’ medical records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test​​. To do the statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized. Results...

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2011

Background: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder involving the body of the esophagus ... more Background: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder involving the body of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. The mechanism is destruction of the myenteric plexus after a viral infection. Multiple methods of treatment with variable results induced in achalasia. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 70 patients with achalasia that underwent surgical treatment with transabdominal or transthoracic cardiomyotomy from 1982 to 2008 in Mashhad (Ghaem and Omid) hospital and at least 2 years follow up for evaluated result of surgery. Results: The mean age was 39.2 ± 9.42 years and the M/F = 0.89. The most common symptom was dysphagia (100%). The interval between beginnings of symptoms to a definitive diagnosis was 10.6 ± 8.3 month. The ratio between the two techniques was 35/35 = 1. In 67.1% of patients, a previous history of pneumatic dilation was reported. Long-term good results after surgery were seen in 77.2% of patients. Recurrence after surgical treatment was seen in 22.8%. A comparison of the two techniques (with or without antireflux surgery), showed a greater failure rate in transabdominal cardiomyotomy without the antireflux protocol (8/15 = 40%), but by the chi-square test, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.107). The most common complication after surgery was esophageal leakage (2.85%), and mortality was zero. In recurrence, most patients underwent pneumatic dilation (9/16 = 56.2%), and if surgery was needed, all patients underwent a transthoracic approach with antireflux treatment. Conclusion: Based on the good, long-term results with the surgical treatment of achalasia, surgery is recommended in most patients. A transthoracic or transabdominal approach had good, long-term results, but a transthoracic approach had better results and usually did not need antireflux surgery.

Interactive …, 2009

Patients with a thoracoabdominal stab wound may have hidden diaphragmatic injuries that could fin... more Patients with a thoracoabdominal stab wound may have hidden diaphragmatic injuries that could finally lead to chronic diaphragmatic hernia. In this study, we analyzed 30 patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries that were stable hemodynamically and did not need ...

Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals, 2016

Fibrosis that occurs in the chronic phase of pleural empyema restricts lung movement and impairs ... more Fibrosis that occurs in the chronic phase of pleural empyema restricts lung movement and impairs pulmonary function. It also leads to asymmetry of the chest wall. We evaluated the efficacy of decortication and pleurectomy in improving these adverse consequences. Data of 50 patients (42 males, mean age 49.1 ± 19.46 years) with chronic empyema who underwent lung decortication via a posterolateral thoracotomy between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed in this study. All patients had pulmonary function tests before and after surgery. Computed tomography was used to determine transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the chest before and after surgery. The patients were followed up for 11.5 ± 4.5 months. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 62.5% ± 13.61% before surgery vs. 77.3% ± 13.31% after surgery (p < 0.001). Mean forced vital capacity was 60.6% ± 14.38% before surgery vs. 78.5% ± 12.64% after surgery (p < 0.001). The improvement in patients with reduced chest wall diameters w...

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2011

Polycaprolactone (PCL) composite films containing 5wt.% bioactive glass (BG) particles of differe... more Polycaprolactone (PCL) composite films containing 5wt.% bioactive glass (BG) particles of different sizes (6μm, 250nm,&amp;amp;amp;lt; 100nm) were prepared by solvent casting methods. The ultra-fine BG particles were prepared by high-energy mechanical milling of commercial 45S5 Bioglass® particles. The characteristics of bioactive glass particles were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. In vitro bioactivity of ...

Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2012

Respiratory complication is one of the important postoperative complications of oesophageal cance... more Respiratory complication is one of the important postoperative complications of oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery is effective for postoperative respiratory complications. In this study, patients with oesophageal cancer were divided into two group: one with neoadjuvant therapy and the other without neoadjuvant therapy. Before surgery, they all underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. We evaluated respiratory complications and the effects of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. Forty patients (M/F = 23/17 and mean age 61 years) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-two cases had cancer in the middle part and 18 in the lower part of the oesophagus. Significant correlation was observed between the number of positive micro-organism and difficulty in weaning and receiving neoadjuvant therapy. But no significant correlation was found between neoadjuvant therapy and respiratory complications.

Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society

Lung tumors are among the common tumors and can be benign or malignant. Benign lung tumors are le... more Lung tumors are among the common tumors and can be benign or malignant. Benign lung tumors are less common compared to the malignant types. Recognition of the clinical symptoms, types of tumors, paraclinical findings, and treatment approaches can bring better therapeutic results. The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics, diagnosis methods, and therapeutic approaches of different benign lung tumors. In this retrospective study, 32 patients with a diagnosis of benign lung tumor, who had been referred to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between 1981 and 2009, were studied. Some of the studied variables were symptoms, the pulmonary location involved, surgery technique, pathology findings, recurrence, and surgery complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS package version 16. The average age of the patients was 51.69 ± 20.5 years. Prevalence of benign lung tumors was equal in both genders. The most common symptom was cough (31.2%); right lung involvement was more co...

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2014

ABSTRACT Herein, the fracture toughness of ternary epoxy systems containing nanosilica and hollow... more ABSTRACT Herein, the fracture toughness of ternary epoxy systems containing nanosilica and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) is investigated. The experimental measurements reveal synergistic fracture toughness in some hybrid compositions: The incorporation of 10 phr of HGMS and nanosilica alone modify the fracture toughness of epoxy by 39% and 91%, respectively. However, use of 10 phr hybrid modifier can enhance the fracture toughness of the resin up to 120%. Observations reveal different toughening mechanisms for the blends i.e., plastic deformation for silica nanoparticles and crack bifurcation for HGMS. Both of these toughening mechanisms additively contribute to the synergism in ternary epoxies.

World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2014

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 2012

Both incidence and complications of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have increased due to recen... more Both incidence and complications of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have increased due to recent increase of immunocompromising conditions. The aim of this study was to assess surgical outcomes in patients suffering from complicated pleuropulmonary TB. This study included 108 patients with pleuropulmonary TB who underwent surgery. Age, sex, surgical indications, operative techniques, complications, mortality, and morbidity were evaluated. Male-female ratio was 1:11 with mean age of 40 years; 72.2 and 27.8% of the patients underwent surgery due to parenchymal and pleural complications. In the parenchymal group, the most common indication was parenchymal destruction (27.7%) and the most common procedure was lobectomy (50.9%). Out of 20 sputum smear-positive patients, 15 had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and 5 had smear-positive open cavity. Overall 13 of the MDR-TB group and all smear-positive open cavity group became sputum-negative after the surgery. There were 13 patients with undiagnosed masses, among whom 3 patients had adenocarcinoma. In the pleural group, the most common surgical indication was empyema (13.8%) and the most common procedure was decortication and pleurectomy (13.8%). In the bronchopleural fistula group (6.4%), patients showed good results after surgery. There were 19.4% of patients who showed postoperative complications. The most common complication was residual space (5.5%). The main factors leading to major postoperative complications included positive preoperative sputum smear and history of immunocompromising condition. Mortality rate was 2.7%. Considering the favorable results achieved by surgery in patients with pleuropulmonary TB, this treatment can be recommended for this group of patients.

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1983

The effectiveness of galvinoxyl (G. (1)) as a thermal antioxidant in polypropylene at 140°C is de... more The effectiveness of galvinoxyl (G. (1)) as a thermal antioxidant in polypropylene at 140°C is dependent on the prior processing treatment of the polymer. A characteristic fluctuation of antioxidant activity with time of processing is shown to be associated with the extent of conversion of galvinoxyl to hydrogalvinoxyl (GH) in the polymer. It is concluded that the main stabilisation mechanism involved is deactivation of alkylperoxyl radicals (CB-D) by GH but secondary processes (CB-D and CB-A) involving G" may also make a contribution.

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2014

ABSTRACT An architectural modification method was utilized to improve fracture toughness of disco... more ABSTRACT An architectural modification method was utilized to improve fracture toughness of discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites. Al-DRA composites having a structure similar to that of reinforced concrete were fabricated. The number of reinforcing DRA rods within Al matrix and volume fraction of SiC particles in DRA were altered to evaluate their effect on fracture behavior of these materials. It was found that architectural modification does not have any destructive influence on elastic modulus and yield strength of the composite. Moreover, the success of this method on toughness improvement strongly depends on the occurrence of debonding between Al and DRA regions upon loading.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007

Poly(butadiene-stat-styrene)/poly(methylmetacrylate), SBR/PMMA, structural latices were synthesiz... more Poly(butadiene-stat-styrene)/poly(methylmetacrylate), SBR/PMMA, structural latices were synthesized by using equal moles of different kinds of surfactants: anionic, nonionic, and anionic/nonionic mixture in a two-stage emulsion polymerization. The results indicate that the application of anionic surfactants for the first stage, accompanying sodium persulfate initiator, KPS, for both stages led to core/shell and raspberry morphologies depended upon the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant. On the other hand, a core/shell structure was observed for structural latices which were synthesized via application of nonionic or anionic/nonionic mixed surfactants along with azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN, and KPS as first and second-stage initiators, respectively. The surface polarity and wettability of the seed particles and finally the tendency of the systems to gain the minimum surface free energy change are the basis for the observed morphologies. On the other hand, the stability of core/shell particles was investigated via incremental addition of an electrolyte, ammonium acetate, at temperature close to the glass transition of PMMA shell, 858C. The particle size measurement on destabilized samples showed that the core/shell latex only stabilized by anionic surfactant was considerabely microagglomerated with increasing the electrolyte content.

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2011

Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors which usually involve the uppe... more Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors which usually involve the upper airways and the patients most often complain of cough and hemoptysis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed from 1990 through 2007 on 40 patients with carcinoid tumor who had been followed up for at least 3 years. The statistical analysis were based on tumor epidemiology , treatment and the 3-year survival. The factors influencing the survival were analyzed using SPSS and exact fisher test. Results: M/F was 16/24 with mean age 34 years. Their most common symptoms were coughing (90%). The left main bronchus was the most common site of involvement (25%). 95% of all the cases underwent surgery and 5% of the patients underwent chemoradiotherapy due to distant metastasis. The most common surgical procedure was lobectomy or biloectomy (57.8%). Bronchial sleeve resection was performed on 10.4% of the patients. The most common pathology was the typical form (90%) and 5% of the madiastinal lymph nodes were involvd all of the atypical type. Carcinoid syndrome was seen in one patient (2.5%) and post operative adjuvant treatment was done in 5% of the patients after surgery because of mediastinal lymph node involvement. Post operative recurrence occurred in one patient (2.6%) of the atypical form with mediastinal lymph nodes involvement. The most common complication of surgery was a long-term air leakage (10.4%) and the surgical death rate was 0%. 3-Year survival was 92.5%. The factors influencing the survival included the pathological type, distant metastasis and mediastinal lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Carcinoid tumors have mostly been responsive to surgical intervention, resulting in a long term survival.

journal of cardio-thoracic medicine, 2020

A 35-year-old male presented with a history of chest wall pain and swelling. It was decided to pe... more A 35-year-old male presented with a history of chest wall pain and swelling. It was decided to perform a CT-scan of the thorax that revealed of a rib involvement in the right hemithorax (Fig 1). We evaluated the yield of core needle biopsy in patients that the was diagnosed lymphoproliferative disorder. Investigation abdominal and pelvic CT scan and blood tests were found no other lesions. The patient underwent resection with reconstruction mesh and cement and muscle flap (Fig 2). Final Pathologic Diagnoses for Patients was reported with Lymphoma.

Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of ca... more Introduction: There are significant gender differences in the epidemiology and presentation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), physiological aspects of CVDs, response to diagnostic tests or interventions, and prevalence or incidence of the associated risk factors. Considering the independent influence of gender on early dire consequences of such diseases, this study was conducted to investigate gender differences in patients' beliefs about biological, environmental, behavioral, and psychological risk factors in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Materials and Methods: This study has cross sectional design. The sample was composed of 775 patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation unit in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. The data were collected using clinical interview and patients’ medical records. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test​​. To do the statistical analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized. Results...

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2011

Background: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder involving the body of the esophagus ... more Background: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder involving the body of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. The mechanism is destruction of the myenteric plexus after a viral infection. Multiple methods of treatment with variable results induced in achalasia. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 70 patients with achalasia that underwent surgical treatment with transabdominal or transthoracic cardiomyotomy from 1982 to 2008 in Mashhad (Ghaem and Omid) hospital and at least 2 years follow up for evaluated result of surgery. Results: The mean age was 39.2 ± 9.42 years and the M/F = 0.89. The most common symptom was dysphagia (100%). The interval between beginnings of symptoms to a definitive diagnosis was 10.6 ± 8.3 month. The ratio between the two techniques was 35/35 = 1. In 67.1% of patients, a previous history of pneumatic dilation was reported. Long-term good results after surgery were seen in 77.2% of patients. Recurrence after surgical treatment was seen in 22.8%. A comparison of the two techniques (with or without antireflux surgery), showed a greater failure rate in transabdominal cardiomyotomy without the antireflux protocol (8/15 = 40%), but by the chi-square test, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.107). The most common complication after surgery was esophageal leakage (2.85%), and mortality was zero. In recurrence, most patients underwent pneumatic dilation (9/16 = 56.2%), and if surgery was needed, all patients underwent a transthoracic approach with antireflux treatment. Conclusion: Based on the good, long-term results with the surgical treatment of achalasia, surgery is recommended in most patients. A transthoracic or transabdominal approach had good, long-term results, but a transthoracic approach had better results and usually did not need antireflux surgery.

Interactive …, 2009

Patients with a thoracoabdominal stab wound may have hidden diaphragmatic injuries that could fin... more Patients with a thoracoabdominal stab wound may have hidden diaphragmatic injuries that could finally lead to chronic diaphragmatic hernia. In this study, we analyzed 30 patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries that were stable hemodynamically and did not need ...

Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals, 2016

Fibrosis that occurs in the chronic phase of pleural empyema restricts lung movement and impairs ... more Fibrosis that occurs in the chronic phase of pleural empyema restricts lung movement and impairs pulmonary function. It also leads to asymmetry of the chest wall. We evaluated the efficacy of decortication and pleurectomy in improving these adverse consequences. Data of 50 patients (42 males, mean age 49.1 ± 19.46 years) with chronic empyema who underwent lung decortication via a posterolateral thoracotomy between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed in this study. All patients had pulmonary function tests before and after surgery. Computed tomography was used to determine transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the chest before and after surgery. The patients were followed up for 11.5 ± 4.5 months. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 62.5% ± 13.61% before surgery vs. 77.3% ± 13.31% after surgery (p < 0.001). Mean forced vital capacity was 60.6% ± 14.38% before surgery vs. 78.5% ± 12.64% after surgery (p < 0.001). The improvement in patients with reduced chest wall diameters w...

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2011

Polycaprolactone (PCL) composite films containing 5wt.% bioactive glass (BG) particles of differe... more Polycaprolactone (PCL) composite films containing 5wt.% bioactive glass (BG) particles of different sizes (6μm, 250nm,&amp;amp;amp;lt; 100nm) were prepared by solvent casting methods. The ultra-fine BG particles were prepared by high-energy mechanical milling of commercial 45S5 Bioglass® particles. The characteristics of bioactive glass particles were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. In vitro bioactivity of ...

Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2012

Respiratory complication is one of the important postoperative complications of oesophageal cance... more Respiratory complication is one of the important postoperative complications of oesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery is effective for postoperative respiratory complications. In this study, patients with oesophageal cancer were divided into two group: one with neoadjuvant therapy and the other without neoadjuvant therapy. Before surgery, they all underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. We evaluated respiratory complications and the effects of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. Forty patients (M/F = 23/17 and mean age 61 years) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-two cases had cancer in the middle part and 18 in the lower part of the oesophagus. Significant correlation was observed between the number of positive micro-organism and difficulty in weaning and receiving neoadjuvant therapy. But no significant correlation was found between neoadjuvant therapy and respiratory complications.

Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society

Lung tumors are among the common tumors and can be benign or malignant. Benign lung tumors are le... more Lung tumors are among the common tumors and can be benign or malignant. Benign lung tumors are less common compared to the malignant types. Recognition of the clinical symptoms, types of tumors, paraclinical findings, and treatment approaches can bring better therapeutic results. The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics, diagnosis methods, and therapeutic approaches of different benign lung tumors. In this retrospective study, 32 patients with a diagnosis of benign lung tumor, who had been referred to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between 1981 and 2009, were studied. Some of the studied variables were symptoms, the pulmonary location involved, surgery technique, pathology findings, recurrence, and surgery complications. Data were analyzed by SPSS package version 16. The average age of the patients was 51.69 ± 20.5 years. Prevalence of benign lung tumors was equal in both genders. The most common symptom was cough (31.2%); right lung involvement was more co...

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2014

ABSTRACT Herein, the fracture toughness of ternary epoxy systems containing nanosilica and hollow... more ABSTRACT Herein, the fracture toughness of ternary epoxy systems containing nanosilica and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) is investigated. The experimental measurements reveal synergistic fracture toughness in some hybrid compositions: The incorporation of 10 phr of HGMS and nanosilica alone modify the fracture toughness of epoxy by 39% and 91%, respectively. However, use of 10 phr hybrid modifier can enhance the fracture toughness of the resin up to 120%. Observations reveal different toughening mechanisms for the blends i.e., plastic deformation for silica nanoparticles and crack bifurcation for HGMS. Both of these toughening mechanisms additively contribute to the synergism in ternary epoxies.

World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2014

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 2012

Both incidence and complications of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have increased due to recen... more Both incidence and complications of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have increased due to recent increase of immunocompromising conditions. The aim of this study was to assess surgical outcomes in patients suffering from complicated pleuropulmonary TB. This study included 108 patients with pleuropulmonary TB who underwent surgery. Age, sex, surgical indications, operative techniques, complications, mortality, and morbidity were evaluated. Male-female ratio was 1:11 with mean age of 40 years; 72.2 and 27.8% of the patients underwent surgery due to parenchymal and pleural complications. In the parenchymal group, the most common indication was parenchymal destruction (27.7%) and the most common procedure was lobectomy (50.9%). Out of 20 sputum smear-positive patients, 15 had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and 5 had smear-positive open cavity. Overall 13 of the MDR-TB group and all smear-positive open cavity group became sputum-negative after the surgery. There were 13 patients with undiagnosed masses, among whom 3 patients had adenocarcinoma. In the pleural group, the most common surgical indication was empyema (13.8%) and the most common procedure was decortication and pleurectomy (13.8%). In the bronchopleural fistula group (6.4%), patients showed good results after surgery. There were 19.4% of patients who showed postoperative complications. The most common complication was residual space (5.5%). The main factors leading to major postoperative complications included positive preoperative sputum smear and history of immunocompromising condition. Mortality rate was 2.7%. Considering the favorable results achieved by surgery in patients with pleuropulmonary TB, this treatment can be recommended for this group of patients.

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 1983

The effectiveness of galvinoxyl (G. (1)) as a thermal antioxidant in polypropylene at 140°C is de... more The effectiveness of galvinoxyl (G. (1)) as a thermal antioxidant in polypropylene at 140°C is dependent on the prior processing treatment of the polymer. A characteristic fluctuation of antioxidant activity with time of processing is shown to be associated with the extent of conversion of galvinoxyl to hydrogalvinoxyl (GH) in the polymer. It is concluded that the main stabilisation mechanism involved is deactivation of alkylperoxyl radicals (CB-D) by GH but secondary processes (CB-D and CB-A) involving G" may also make a contribution.

Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2014

ABSTRACT An architectural modification method was utilized to improve fracture toughness of disco... more ABSTRACT An architectural modification method was utilized to improve fracture toughness of discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites. Al-DRA composites having a structure similar to that of reinforced concrete were fabricated. The number of reinforcing DRA rods within Al matrix and volume fraction of SiC particles in DRA were altered to evaluate their effect on fracture behavior of these materials. It was found that architectural modification does not have any destructive influence on elastic modulus and yield strength of the composite. Moreover, the success of this method on toughness improvement strongly depends on the occurrence of debonding between Al and DRA regions upon loading.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007

Poly(butadiene-stat-styrene)/poly(methylmetacrylate), SBR/PMMA, structural latices were synthesiz... more Poly(butadiene-stat-styrene)/poly(methylmetacrylate), SBR/PMMA, structural latices were synthesized by using equal moles of different kinds of surfactants: anionic, nonionic, and anionic/nonionic mixture in a two-stage emulsion polymerization. The results indicate that the application of anionic surfactants for the first stage, accompanying sodium persulfate initiator, KPS, for both stages led to core/shell and raspberry morphologies depended upon the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant. On the other hand, a core/shell structure was observed for structural latices which were synthesized via application of nonionic or anionic/nonionic mixed surfactants along with azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN, and KPS as first and second-stage initiators, respectively. The surface polarity and wettability of the seed particles and finally the tendency of the systems to gain the minimum surface free energy change are the basis for the observed morphologies. On the other hand, the stability of core/shell particles was investigated via incremental addition of an electrolyte, ammonium acetate, at temperature close to the glass transition of PMMA shell, 858C. The particle size measurement on destabilized samples showed that the core/shell latex only stabilized by anionic surfactant was considerabely microagglomerated with increasing the electrolyte content.

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2011

Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors which usually involve the uppe... more Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors which usually involve the upper airways and the patients most often complain of cough and hemoptysis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed from 1990 through 2007 on 40 patients with carcinoid tumor who had been followed up for at least 3 years. The statistical analysis were based on tumor epidemiology , treatment and the 3-year survival. The factors influencing the survival were analyzed using SPSS and exact fisher test. Results: M/F was 16/24 with mean age 34 years. Their most common symptoms were coughing (90%). The left main bronchus was the most common site of involvement (25%). 95% of all the cases underwent surgery and 5% of the patients underwent chemoradiotherapy due to distant metastasis. The most common surgical procedure was lobectomy or biloectomy (57.8%). Bronchial sleeve resection was performed on 10.4% of the patients. The most common pathology was the typical form (90%) and 5% of the madiastinal lymph nodes were involvd all of the atypical type. Carcinoid syndrome was seen in one patient (2.5%) and post operative adjuvant treatment was done in 5% of the patients after surgery because of mediastinal lymph node involvement. Post operative recurrence occurred in one patient (2.6%) of the atypical form with mediastinal lymph nodes involvement. The most common complication of surgery was a long-term air leakage (10.4%) and the surgical death rate was 0%. 3-Year survival was 92.5%. The factors influencing the survival included the pathological type, distant metastasis and mediastinal lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Carcinoid tumors have mostly been responsive to surgical intervention, resulting in a long term survival.