Ricardo Caceda - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ricardo Caceda
Revista De Neuro Psiquiatria, Feb 1, 2014
Aproximadamente un millón de personas mueren cada año debido a suicidio. Poblaciones de alto ries... more Aproximadamente un millón de personas mueren cada año debido a suicidio. Poblaciones de alto riesgo de suicidio incluyen militares, adolescentes, ancianos, y pacientes con enfermedades crónicas mentales o médicas. Más de 90% de suicidios ocurren en personas que sufren de alguna enfermedad psiquiátrica. Prácticamente todas las enfermedades psiquiátricas aumentan el riesgo de suicidio, sin embargo la depresión está asociada a más de la mitad de los casos de suicidio. Hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos, autopsias psicológicas, en genética, neuroquímica, y neuroimágenes han incrementado significativamente nuestro conocimiento sobre el suicidio. El factor biológico más consistentemente asociado a suicidio es la disminución en la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica, particularmente en la zona ventral de la corteza prefrontal. Déficits en la función de la zona ventral de la corteza prefrontal están asociadas a impulsividad y a subóptima toma de decisiones. Las otras aminas biogénicas y el eje hipotalámicopituitaria-adrenal (HPA) también parecen estar involucrados en la proclividad al suicidio. Los factores cognitivos y psicológicos involucrados en suicidio incluyen desesperanza, dolor psicológico o mental, impulsividad, pobre habilidad para solucionar problemas, perfeccionismo y pobre autoestima. Los factores de protección contra el suicidio más estudiados son: acceso y utilización de servicios de salud, conexión significativa con familia y la comunidad, y creencias religiosas y culturales que se oponen al suicidio. A pesar de la abundancia de estudios realizados, aun carecemos de factores fidedignos de predicción de riesgo de suicidio y debemos basarnos en el reporte del individuo y emplear el juicio clínico. Por eso continúa siendo tremendamente difícil predecir quién morirá por suicidio. Dada esta dramática carencia, continúa siendo una alta prioridad el desarrollo de estrategias de detección y prevención de suicidio, especialmente en poblaciones de alto riesgo.
The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016
Plos One, 2011
Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be j... more Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be justice or care oriented. Justice ethics is associated primarily with human rights and the application of moral rules, whereas care ethics is related to human needs and a situational approach involving social emotions. Among the core brain regions involved in moral issue processing are: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), insula and amygdala. This study sought to inform the long standing debate of whether care and justice moral ethics represent one or two different forms of cognition.
Archivos Chilenos De Oftalmologia, 1993
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Mar 5, 2014
A commonality of patients with major psychiatric disorders is their propensity to make poor decis... more A commonality of patients with major psychiatric disorders is their propensity to make poor decisions, which is intimately related to poor real-life outcomes. We reviewed the literature on decision making as applied to severe psychiatric disorders, with particular focus on advances in cognitive neuroscience. Deficits in reward sensitivity, avoidance learning, and temporal discounting are reported in depression. Besides abnormalities in hedonic capacity, other cognitive distortions required for flexible control of behavior occur in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. A conceptual framework of abnormal decision making in mental illness could generate targeted interventions to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes.
Psychiatric Annals
1. Review the stated learning objectives of the CME articles and determine if these objectives ma... more 1. Review the stated learning objectives of the CME articles and determine if these objectives match your individual learning needs. 2. Read the articles carefully. Do not neglect the tables and other illustrative materials, as they have been selected to enhance your knowledge and understanding. 3. The following quiz questions have been designed to provide a useful link between the CME articles in the issue and your everyday practice. Read each question, choose the correct answer, and record your answer on the CME REGISTRATION FORM at the end of the quiz. 4. Type your full name and address and your date of birth in the space provided on the CME REGISTRATION FORM. 5. Complete the evaluation portion of the CME REGISTRATION FORM. Forms and quizzes cannot be processed if the evaluation portion is incomplete. The evaluation portion of the CME REGISTRATION FORM will be separated from the quiz upon receipt at PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS. Your evaluation of this activity will in no way affect the sc...
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015
• Functional connectivity predicted 20% of the variance in reciprocity behavior.
PloS one, 2014
Prosocial behaviors are essential to the ability to relate to others. Women typically display gre... more Prosocial behaviors are essential to the ability to relate to others. Women typically display greater prosocial behavior than men. The impact of depression on prosocial behaviors and how gender interacts with those effects are not fully understood. We explored the role of gender in the potential effects of depression on prosocial behavior. We examined prosocial behaviors using a modified version of the Trust Game in a clinical population and community controls. Study participants were characterized on the severity of depression and anxiety, presence of suicidal ideation, history of childhood trauma, recent stressful life events, and impulsivity. We correlated behavioral outcomes with gender and clinical variables using analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The 89 participants comprised four study groups: depressed women, depressed men, healthy women and healthy men (n = 16-36). Depressed men exhibited reciprocity more frequently than healthy men. Depression induced ...
Psychosomatic Medicine, 2014
Objective: Despite identification of several risk factors, suicide prediction and prevention is s... more Objective: Despite identification of several risk factors, suicide prediction and prevention is still a clinical challenge. Suicide can be seen as a consequence of poor decision making triggered by overwhelming psychological pain. We examined the relationship of choice impulsivity and psychological pain in depressed patients with acute suicidality. Methods: Impulsive choice (delay discounting), psychological pain, and clinical characteristics were assessed in four groups of adults (N = 20Y22): a) depressed patients within 72 hours after a suicide attempt, b) depressed patients with active suicidal ideation, c) nonsuicidal depressed patients, and d) healthy controls. Results: Impulsive choice was higher in the suicide attempt (0.114 [0.027]) and ideation (0.099 [0.020]) groups compared with nonsuicidal depressed (0.079 [0.020]) and healthy (0.066 [0.019]) individuals (F(3,79) = 3.06, p = .042). Psychological pain data showed a similar profile (F(3,78) = 43.48, p G .001), with 43.4 (2.9) rating of psychological pain for the suicide attempt, 54.3 (2.2) for suicide ideation, 37.0 (3.2) for nonsuicidal depressed, and 13.7 (0.5) for healthy groups. Within the suicide attempt group, persisting suicidal ideation was associated with more severe depression 36.6 [2.9] versus 21.5 [3.1], p = .007) and choice impulsivity (0.134 [0.03] versus 0.078 [0.04], p = .015). Both measures normalized within a week: depression (29.9 [2.6] versus 14.4 [3.0], p = .006) and choice impulsivity (0.114 [0.026] versus 0.066 [0.032], p = .019). Conclusions: Transient impulsive choice abnormalities are found in a subset of those who attempt suicide. Both, suicidal ideation and behavior were associated with choice impulsivity and intense psychological pain.
Journal of Neuroscience, 2005
Dopamine receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activation of the mesolimbic dopamine syst... more Dopamine receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system increases locomotion and disrupts prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI), paradigms frequently used to study both the pharmacology of antipsychotic drugs and drugs of abuse. In rats, virally mediated overexpression of the neurotensin 1 (NT 1 ) receptor in the nucleus accumbens antagonized D-amphetamine-and dizocilpine-induced PPI disruption, hyperlocomotion, and D-amphetamine-induced rearing.
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be j... more Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be justice or care oriented. Justice ethics is associated primarily with human rights and the application of moral rules, whereas care ethics is related to human needs and a situational approach involving social emotions. Among the core brain regions involved in moral issue processing are: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), insula and amygdala. This study sought to inform the long standing debate of whether care and justice moral ethics represent one or two different forms of cognition.
Neuroscience Letters, 2001
We measured the activities of Na 1 K 1 ATPase and of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, Krebs cyc... more We measured the activities of Na 1 K 1 ATPase and of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, Krebs cycle, and the respiratory chain in cerebral cortex of mice exposed to chronic hypoxia for three weeks and compared their values with those of sea level controls. There were no differences in Na 1 K 1 ATPase activity or in the activity of glycolytic enzymes. In the Krebs cycle, a 66% increase of succinate dehydrogenase activity was found due to a lower Km. In contrast, respiratory chain cytochrome oxidase activity was reduced by 12% in mice exposed to hypoxia. This suggested that the metabolic demand would be satis®ed despite the respiratory chain depression (cytochrome oxidase), probably due to anaerobic energy production within the mitochondria (succinate dehydrogenase). q
Revista De Neuro Psiquiatria, Feb 1, 2014
Aproximadamente un millón de personas mueren cada año debido a suicidio. Poblaciones de alto ries... more Aproximadamente un millón de personas mueren cada año debido a suicidio. Poblaciones de alto riesgo de suicidio incluyen militares, adolescentes, ancianos, y pacientes con enfermedades crónicas mentales o médicas. Más de 90% de suicidios ocurren en personas que sufren de alguna enfermedad psiquiátrica. Prácticamente todas las enfermedades psiquiátricas aumentan el riesgo de suicidio, sin embargo la depresión está asociada a más de la mitad de los casos de suicidio. Hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos, autopsias psicológicas, en genética, neuroquímica, y neuroimágenes han incrementado significativamente nuestro conocimiento sobre el suicidio. El factor biológico más consistentemente asociado a suicidio es la disminución en la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica, particularmente en la zona ventral de la corteza prefrontal. Déficits en la función de la zona ventral de la corteza prefrontal están asociadas a impulsividad y a subóptima toma de decisiones. Las otras aminas biogénicas y el eje hipotalámicopituitaria-adrenal (HPA) también parecen estar involucrados en la proclividad al suicidio. Los factores cognitivos y psicológicos involucrados en suicidio incluyen desesperanza, dolor psicológico o mental, impulsividad, pobre habilidad para solucionar problemas, perfeccionismo y pobre autoestima. Los factores de protección contra el suicidio más estudiados son: acceso y utilización de servicios de salud, conexión significativa con familia y la comunidad, y creencias religiosas y culturales que se oponen al suicidio. A pesar de la abundancia de estudios realizados, aun carecemos de factores fidedignos de predicción de riesgo de suicidio y debemos basarnos en el reporte del individuo y emplear el juicio clínico. Por eso continúa siendo tremendamente difícil predecir quién morirá por suicidio. Dada esta dramática carencia, continúa siendo una alta prioridad el desarrollo de estrategias de detección y prevención de suicidio, especialmente en poblaciones de alto riesgo.
The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016
Plos One, 2011
Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be j... more Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be justice or care oriented. Justice ethics is associated primarily with human rights and the application of moral rules, whereas care ethics is related to human needs and a situational approach involving social emotions. Among the core brain regions involved in moral issue processing are: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), insula and amygdala. This study sought to inform the long standing debate of whether care and justice moral ethics represent one or two different forms of cognition.
Archivos Chilenos De Oftalmologia, 1993
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Mar 5, 2014
A commonality of patients with major psychiatric disorders is their propensity to make poor decis... more A commonality of patients with major psychiatric disorders is their propensity to make poor decisions, which is intimately related to poor real-life outcomes. We reviewed the literature on decision making as applied to severe psychiatric disorders, with particular focus on advances in cognitive neuroscience. Deficits in reward sensitivity, avoidance learning, and temporal discounting are reported in depression. Besides abnormalities in hedonic capacity, other cognitive distortions required for flexible control of behavior occur in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. A conceptual framework of abnormal decision making in mental illness could generate targeted interventions to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes.
Psychiatric Annals
1. Review the stated learning objectives of the CME articles and determine if these objectives ma... more 1. Review the stated learning objectives of the CME articles and determine if these objectives match your individual learning needs. 2. Read the articles carefully. Do not neglect the tables and other illustrative materials, as they have been selected to enhance your knowledge and understanding. 3. The following quiz questions have been designed to provide a useful link between the CME articles in the issue and your everyday practice. Read each question, choose the correct answer, and record your answer on the CME REGISTRATION FORM at the end of the quiz. 4. Type your full name and address and your date of birth in the space provided on the CME REGISTRATION FORM. 5. Complete the evaluation portion of the CME REGISTRATION FORM. Forms and quizzes cannot be processed if the evaluation portion is incomplete. The evaluation portion of the CME REGISTRATION FORM will be separated from the quiz upon receipt at PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS. Your evaluation of this activity will in no way affect the sc...
Behavioural Brain Research, 2015
• Functional connectivity predicted 20% of the variance in reciprocity behavior.
PloS one, 2014
Prosocial behaviors are essential to the ability to relate to others. Women typically display gre... more Prosocial behaviors are essential to the ability to relate to others. Women typically display greater prosocial behavior than men. The impact of depression on prosocial behaviors and how gender interacts with those effects are not fully understood. We explored the role of gender in the potential effects of depression on prosocial behavior. We examined prosocial behaviors using a modified version of the Trust Game in a clinical population and community controls. Study participants were characterized on the severity of depression and anxiety, presence of suicidal ideation, history of childhood trauma, recent stressful life events, and impulsivity. We correlated behavioral outcomes with gender and clinical variables using analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The 89 participants comprised four study groups: depressed women, depressed men, healthy women and healthy men (n = 16-36). Depressed men exhibited reciprocity more frequently than healthy men. Depression induced ...
Psychosomatic Medicine, 2014
Objective: Despite identification of several risk factors, suicide prediction and prevention is s... more Objective: Despite identification of several risk factors, suicide prediction and prevention is still a clinical challenge. Suicide can be seen as a consequence of poor decision making triggered by overwhelming psychological pain. We examined the relationship of choice impulsivity and psychological pain in depressed patients with acute suicidality. Methods: Impulsive choice (delay discounting), psychological pain, and clinical characteristics were assessed in four groups of adults (N = 20Y22): a) depressed patients within 72 hours after a suicide attempt, b) depressed patients with active suicidal ideation, c) nonsuicidal depressed patients, and d) healthy controls. Results: Impulsive choice was higher in the suicide attempt (0.114 [0.027]) and ideation (0.099 [0.020]) groups compared with nonsuicidal depressed (0.079 [0.020]) and healthy (0.066 [0.019]) individuals (F(3,79) = 3.06, p = .042). Psychological pain data showed a similar profile (F(3,78) = 43.48, p G .001), with 43.4 (2.9) rating of psychological pain for the suicide attempt, 54.3 (2.2) for suicide ideation, 37.0 (3.2) for nonsuicidal depressed, and 13.7 (0.5) for healthy groups. Within the suicide attempt group, persisting suicidal ideation was associated with more severe depression 36.6 [2.9] versus 21.5 [3.1], p = .007) and choice impulsivity (0.134 [0.03] versus 0.078 [0.04], p = .015). Both measures normalized within a week: depression (29.9 [2.6] versus 14.4 [3.0], p = .006) and choice impulsivity (0.114 [0.026] versus 0.066 [0.032], p = .019). Conclusions: Transient impulsive choice abnormalities are found in a subset of those who attempt suicide. Both, suicidal ideation and behavior were associated with choice impulsivity and intense psychological pain.
Journal of Neuroscience, 2005
Dopamine receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activation of the mesolimbic dopamine syst... more Dopamine receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system increases locomotion and disrupts prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response (PPI), paradigms frequently used to study both the pharmacology of antipsychotic drugs and drugs of abuse. In rats, virally mediated overexpression of the neurotensin 1 (NT 1 ) receptor in the nucleus accumbens antagonized D-amphetamine-and dizocilpine-induced PPI disruption, hyperlocomotion, and D-amphetamine-induced rearing.
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be j... more Background: Moral sensitivity refers to the interpretive awareness of moral conflict and can be justice or care oriented. Justice ethics is associated primarily with human rights and the application of moral rules, whereas care ethics is related to human needs and a situational approach involving social emotions. Among the core brain regions involved in moral issue processing are: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), insula and amygdala. This study sought to inform the long standing debate of whether care and justice moral ethics represent one or two different forms of cognition.
Neuroscience Letters, 2001
We measured the activities of Na 1 K 1 ATPase and of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, Krebs cyc... more We measured the activities of Na 1 K 1 ATPase and of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, Krebs cycle, and the respiratory chain in cerebral cortex of mice exposed to chronic hypoxia for three weeks and compared their values with those of sea level controls. There were no differences in Na 1 K 1 ATPase activity or in the activity of glycolytic enzymes. In the Krebs cycle, a 66% increase of succinate dehydrogenase activity was found due to a lower Km. In contrast, respiratory chain cytochrome oxidase activity was reduced by 12% in mice exposed to hypoxia. This suggested that the metabolic demand would be satis®ed despite the respiratory chain depression (cytochrome oxidase), probably due to anaerobic energy production within the mitochondria (succinate dehydrogenase). q