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Biofouling, 2016
Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by mar... more Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by marine species. These negative consequences provide a unifying purpose for the maritime industry and biosecurity managers to prevent biofouling accumulation and transfer, but important gaps exist between these sectors. This mini-review examines the approach to assessments of ship biofouling among sectors (industry, biosecurity and marine science) and the implications for existing and emerging management of biofouling. The primary distinctions between industry and biosecurity in assessment of vessels biofouling revolve around the resolution of biological information collected and the specific wetted surface areas of primary concern to each sector. The morphological characteristics of biofouling and their effects on propulsion dynamics are of primary concern to industry, with an almost exclusive focus on the vertical sides and flat bottom of hulls and an emphasis on antifouling and operationa...
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 1982
... The Thimann Laboratories, University of California at Santa Cruz The Behavioral Hierarchy of ... more ... The Thimann Laboratories, University of California at Santa Cruz The Behavioral Hierarchy of the Garden Snail Helix aspersa By RICHARD A. EVERETT, RICHARD S. OSTFELD and WJ DAVIS ... Page 2. 110 RICHARD A. EVERETT, RICHARD S. OSTFELD and W. J. DAVIS ...
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2000
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1995
The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (... more The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera manna, were examined w~t h rephcated field expenments in the South Slough estuary Oregon USA Both stake and rack methods of oyster culture resulted In signlf~cant decreases in the abundance of SAV compared to undisturbed reference areas SAV cover in both stake and rack treatments was less than 25% of that In reference plots after 1 yr of culture, and was absent from rack treatments after 17 mo of culture Field experments using marked plants revealed no difference in growth between plants in stake and reference plots Compansons of sediment surface topography demonstrated that oyster culture resulted in significantly greater sediment deposition in stake plots and greater eroslon In rack plots Silt-clay fractions and carbon content of sediments tended to increase w~t h stake culture and decrease w~t h rack culture but only for carbon content at racks were the differences significant between culture and reference plots Stake culture likely affected SAV via increased sedimentation and direct physical disturbance dunng placement and harvest, while increased eroslon and perhaps shading resulted in the marked decrease in SAV co~ncident with rack culture These results indicate the potential for significant loss of SAV from estuanne ecosystems where these methods of oyster culture and SAV coincide KEY WORDS: Eelgrass. Zostera manna. Oysters. Crassostrea g i g a s .
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1994
Environmental Science & Technology, 2005
A protocol ready for pilot-scale testing should improve knowledge of available technologies. T he... more A protocol ready for pilot-scale testing should improve knowledge of available technologies. T he invasion of nonindigenous species has been cited as the greatest global threat to biodiversity other than habitat loss (1). Conservation biologists recognize these introductions and habitat destruction as the two most serious threats to endangered species worldwide (2). Nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species (ANS) that live in coastal areas around the world have had profound negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems (3-5) and are considered one of the most important environmental issues that the maritime community faces (6). In the U.S., for example, ANS alter important ecological processes and causes serious economic losses (7).
Marine ecology progress series. …, 1995
The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (... more The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera manna, were examined w~t h rephcated field expenments in the South Slough estuary Oregon USA Both stake and rack methods of oyster culture resulted In signlf~cant decreases in the abundance of SAV compared to undisturbed reference areas SAV cover in both stake and rack treatments was less than 25% of that In reference plots after 1 yr of culture, and was absent from rack treatments after 17 mo of culture Field experments using marked plants revealed no difference in growth between plants in stake and reference plots Compansons of sediment surface topography demonstrated that oyster culture resulted in significantly greater sediment deposition in stake plots and greater eroslon In rack plots Silt-clay fractions and carbon content of sediments tended to increase w~t h stake culture and decrease w~t h rack culture but only for carbon content at racks were the differences significant between culture and reference plots Stake culture likely affected SAV via increased sedimentation and direct physical disturbance dunng placement and harvest, while increased eroslon and perhaps shading resulted in the marked decrease in SAV co~ncident with rack culture These results indicate the potential for significant loss of SAV from estuanne ecosystems where these methods of oyster culture and SAV coincide KEY WORDS: Eelgrass. Zostera manna. Oysters. Crassostrea g i g a s .
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1994
Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Basic Approval of Active Substances... more Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Basic Approval of Active Substances used by Electro-Clean (Electrolytic Disinfection) Ballast Water Management System 12/16/2005 54-2-3_ElectroClean-ROK-Basic Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Final Approval of a ballast water management system using Active Substances (Electro-Clean Electrolytic Disinfection) 9/7/2007 57-2-1_ElectroClean-ROK-Final Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Final Approval of a ballast water management system using Active Substances (Electro-Clean Electrolytic Disinfection). Corrigendum
Oecologia, 1993
This study demonstrates experimentally that coarse woody debris (CWD) can provide refuge from pre... more This study demonstrates experimentally that coarse woody debris (CWD) can provide refuge from predation in aquatic habitats. In the Rhode River subestuary of Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, (USA), we (1) measured the abundance of CWD, (2) examined the utilization of CWD by mobile epibenthic fish and crustaceans, and (3) tested experimentally the value of CWD as a refuge from predation. CWD
Biofouling, 2016
Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by mar... more Biofouling exerts a frictional and cost penalty on ships and is a direct cause of invasion by marine species. These negative consequences provide a unifying purpose for the maritime industry and biosecurity managers to prevent biofouling accumulation and transfer, but important gaps exist between these sectors. This mini-review examines the approach to assessments of ship biofouling among sectors (industry, biosecurity and marine science) and the implications for existing and emerging management of biofouling. The primary distinctions between industry and biosecurity in assessment of vessels biofouling revolve around the resolution of biological information collected and the specific wetted surface areas of primary concern to each sector. The morphological characteristics of biofouling and their effects on propulsion dynamics are of primary concern to industry, with an almost exclusive focus on the vertical sides and flat bottom of hulls and an emphasis on antifouling and operationa...
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 1982
... The Thimann Laboratories, University of California at Santa Cruz The Behavioral Hierarchy of ... more ... The Thimann Laboratories, University of California at Santa Cruz The Behavioral Hierarchy of the Garden Snail Helix aspersa By RICHARD A. EVERETT, RICHARD S. OSTFELD and WJ DAVIS ... Page 2. 110 RICHARD A. EVERETT, RICHARD S. OSTFELD and W. J. DAVIS ...
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2000
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1995
The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (... more The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera manna, were examined w~t h rephcated field expenments in the South Slough estuary Oregon USA Both stake and rack methods of oyster culture resulted In signlf~cant decreases in the abundance of SAV compared to undisturbed reference areas SAV cover in both stake and rack treatments was less than 25% of that In reference plots after 1 yr of culture, and was absent from rack treatments after 17 mo of culture Field experments using marked plants revealed no difference in growth between plants in stake and reference plots Compansons of sediment surface topography demonstrated that oyster culture resulted in significantly greater sediment deposition in stake plots and greater eroslon In rack plots Silt-clay fractions and carbon content of sediments tended to increase w~t h stake culture and decrease w~t h rack culture but only for carbon content at racks were the differences significant between culture and reference plots Stake culture likely affected SAV via increased sedimentation and direct physical disturbance dunng placement and harvest, while increased eroslon and perhaps shading resulted in the marked decrease in SAV co~ncident with rack culture These results indicate the potential for significant loss of SAV from estuanne ecosystems where these methods of oyster culture and SAV coincide KEY WORDS: Eelgrass. Zostera manna. Oysters. Crassostrea g i g a s .
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1994
Environmental Science & Technology, 2005
A protocol ready for pilot-scale testing should improve knowledge of available technologies. T he... more A protocol ready for pilot-scale testing should improve knowledge of available technologies. T he invasion of nonindigenous species has been cited as the greatest global threat to biodiversity other than habitat loss (1). Conservation biologists recognize these introductions and habitat destruction as the two most serious threats to endangered species worldwide (2). Nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species (ANS) that live in coastal areas around the world have had profound negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems (3-5) and are considered one of the most important environmental issues that the maritime community faces (6). In the U.S., for example, ANS alter important ecological processes and causes serious economic losses (7).
Marine ecology progress series. …, 1995
The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (... more The effects of commercial culture of oysters Crassostrea gigas, on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera manna, were examined w~t h rephcated field expenments in the South Slough estuary Oregon USA Both stake and rack methods of oyster culture resulted In signlf~cant decreases in the abundance of SAV compared to undisturbed reference areas SAV cover in both stake and rack treatments was less than 25% of that In reference plots after 1 yr of culture, and was absent from rack treatments after 17 mo of culture Field experments using marked plants revealed no difference in growth between plants in stake and reference plots Compansons of sediment surface topography demonstrated that oyster culture resulted in significantly greater sediment deposition in stake plots and greater eroslon In rack plots Silt-clay fractions and carbon content of sediments tended to increase w~t h stake culture and decrease w~t h rack culture but only for carbon content at racks were the differences significant between culture and reference plots Stake culture likely affected SAV via increased sedimentation and direct physical disturbance dunng placement and harvest, while increased eroslon and perhaps shading resulted in the marked decrease in SAV co~ncident with rack culture These results indicate the potential for significant loss of SAV from estuanne ecosystems where these methods of oyster culture and SAV coincide KEY WORDS: Eelgrass. Zostera manna. Oysters. Crassostrea g i g a s .
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1994
Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Basic Approval of Active Substances... more Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Basic Approval of Active Substances used by Electro-Clean (Electrolytic Disinfection) Ballast Water Management System 12/16/2005 54-2-3_ElectroClean-ROK-Basic Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Final Approval of a ballast water management system using Active Substances (Electro-Clean Electrolytic Disinfection) 9/7/2007 57-2-1_ElectroClean-ROK-Final Electro-Clean Ballast Water Management System Application for Final Approval of a ballast water management system using Active Substances (Electro-Clean Electrolytic Disinfection). Corrigendum
Oecologia, 1993
This study demonstrates experimentally that coarse woody debris (CWD) can provide refuge from pre... more This study demonstrates experimentally that coarse woody debris (CWD) can provide refuge from predation in aquatic habitats. In the Rhode River subestuary of Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, (USA), we (1) measured the abundance of CWD, (2) examined the utilization of CWD by mobile epibenthic fish and crustaceans, and (3) tested experimentally the value of CWD as a refuge from predation. CWD