Richard Gist - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Richard Gist

Guilford Press eBooks, 2015

In this chapter we critically examine widely promoted interventions for psychological trauma and ... more In this chapter we critically examine widely promoted interventions for psychological trauma and its sequelae. Because the field of trauma treatment has been fertile ground for treatments with questionable claims of efficacy and effectiveness, careful scrutiny of all trauma treatments is warranted. We begin by discussing the features of psychological trawna and its prevalence. We next describe the two major diagnostic disorders that are reactions to traumatic events: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder (ASD). We then address the nature of treatment efficacy research on trauma and its relation to treatment effectiveness. In doing so, we outline contemporary cognitive-behavioral theories of anxiety disorders and describe empirically supported psychosocial treatments for those conditions. We next discuss promising psychosocial procedures for pre-event and postevent prevention of the disorders. Finally, we discuss the professional and social implications of the implementation of science-based interventions for trauma.

APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser c... more APA PsycNET Our Apologies! - The following features are not available with your current Browser configuration. - alerts user that their session is about to expire - display, print, save, export, and email selected records - get My ...

PubMed, Oct 1, 1995

Although it is universally accepted that firefighting ranks among the most stressful occupations ... more Although it is universally accepted that firefighting ranks among the most stressful occupations in the U.S., the quality of information on the matter has often been limited and subject to extreme variation. To help address the situation, the authors provide a thorough review of the literature on psychic trauma resulting from critical occupational events, draw specific applications to fire and rescue enterprises, discuss models of addressing stress disorders, and argue for a reasoned, ethical, and effective approach to the problem.

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Jun 1, 2007

This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy i... more This article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.

APS observer, Oct 26, 2001

Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, Aug 25, 2008

Recent advances in research and understanding of the behavioral health impacts of an emergency me... more Recent advances in research and understanding of the behavioral health impacts of an emergency medical service (EMS) career have necessitated reconceptualization of previous approaches to prevention, mitigation, and intervention. Approaches modeled on critical incident stress debriefing have fallen into disfavor due to a growing body of research indicating little if any efficacy for these techniques while suggesting the potential for paradoxical impacts on the recovery of some recipients. Current recommendations focus on supporting personal and organizational foundations that help to bolster resilience while ensuring that processes are in place to provide access to intervention utilizing evidence-informed best practices where indicated.

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, Feb 1, 2006

Criminal Justice and Behavior, Oct 1, 2008

The practice of professional psychology was founded on empirical science. Subsequent development ... more The practice of professional psychology was founded on empirical science. Subsequent development of the profession reveals a gap that is partially the result of the popularization of junk science in legal and judicial domains. A greater threat comes from pseudoscience, which presents serious professional issues for those who work in trauma-related emergency services and law enforcement. The most widely promoted service is Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and Management, but scientific evidence does not justify its application. The authors describe the promotion and implementation of these services within the FBI and the professional difficulties that ensued. They also provide suggestions as to how such difficulties could have been avoided and apply them to other domains of law enforcement.

Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, Dec 4, 2006

Summary Rapid advancement of both research and practice in the field of organizational crisis int... more Summary Rapid advancement of both research and practice in the field of organizational crisis intervention has brought demands for more substantial breadth and much greater depth in EAP efforts to serve their clients in this critical domain. Once dominant practices ( ...

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, Sep 1, 2002

The proximal and immediate response of psychologists and other counselors to victims of disaster,... more The proximal and immediate response of psychologists and other counselors to victims of disaster, tenvrism, and trauma has become a culturally expected practice and has provided an expanding niche for organizations, agencies, and practitioners. "Counselors will be on hand" has become a ubiquitous line in most any media report of tragedies great or small, and many corporations and organizations now provide immediate counseling and "debriefing" services to emplwees-sometimes with a mandate for all to participate. But these strategies have not proven greatly effective, and growing evidence exists that they can even complicate recovery for some. This article reviews the evolution of immediate assistance programs, the empirical evidence regarding efficacy and paradoxical outcomes, and evolving strategies showing empirical support for their efficacy and utilit~ in programs of early assessment and intervention.

Journal of Personal & Interpersonal Loss, 1998

Abstract Psychological intervention has grown in little more than a decade from an occasional aft... more Abstract Psychological intervention has grown in little more than a decade from an occasional afterthought in disaster response systems to a thriving enterprise; with that growth, however, have come features that sometimes resemble cottage industries, social ...

Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Aug 1, 2006

1. JEMS. 2006 Aug;31(8):72-7. System Abusers. Can psychosocial interventions reduce the burden on... more 1. JEMS. 2006 Aug;31(8):72-7. System Abusers. Can psychosocial interventions reduce the burden on EMS resources? Bledsoe BE, Gist R, Dunn T. bbledsoe@earthlink.net. PMID: 16880046 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: ...

American Psychologist, 1982

ABSTRACT: Responding to the community-wide men-tal health crisis that resulted from a hotel disas... more ABSTRACT: Responding to the community-wide men-tal health crisis that resulted from a hotel disaster, Kansas City mental health organizations provided men-tal-health-related education through the media, train-ing for local psychologists and other caregivers, and support ...

Oxford University Press eBooks, Sep 1, 2006

26 Promoting Resilience and Recovery in First Responders Richard Gist It has become almost axioma... more 26 Promoting Resilience and Recovery in First Responders Richard Gist It has become almost axiomatic in the ﬁeld of trauma response to assert that ﬁrst responderslaw en-forcement ofﬁcers and agents, ﬁreﬁghters, rescue specialists, emergency medical technicians, and ...

Routledge eBooks, Nov 12, 2013

Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Jun 1, 2003

A aplicação do chamado debriefing psicológico (DP) tornou-se uma intervenção disseminada e espera... more A aplicação do chamado debriefing psicológico (DP) tornou-se uma intervenção disseminada e esperada após a exposição ao trauma. Este artigo avalia a validade desse enfoque e relata o consenso entre os especialistas em relação ao seu uso. Revisões sistemáticas e narrativas são resumidas e as áreas de acordo e desacordo são delineadas. Em resumo, conclui-se que a maioria das pessoas não fica traumatizada devido a eventos estressantes; que o DP parece ter pequeno impacto; que uma forma de DP chamada de "debriefing sobre o incidente crítico (DICE)" pode exercer efeitos nocivos em certos indivíduos e que aqueles com efeitos mais negativos devido ao DP parecem ser os que mais sofreram com o trauma inicial. Não há ensaios clínicos randomizados que sustentem a validade do DP em grupo. A intervenção precoce Cognitivo-Comportamental parece ser o enfoque mais promissor em pacientes com apresentações clínicas bem definidas. É oferecido um conjunto genérico de diretrizes para a intervenção pós-trauma. Debriefing, trauma, estresse pós-traumático, resiliência.

Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, Sep 1, 1989

National data on firearm suicides and accidental firearm deaths for persons aged 15-19 from 1955 ... more National data on firearm suicides and accidental firearm deaths for persons aged 15-19 from 1955 to 1979 were examined to test hypotheses of increases in reported suicide rates as resulting from (1) improved accuracy in the determination and certification of suicide in equivocal firearm deaths; (2) actual increases in the rate of firearm suicides among teens; or (3) some combination of these factors. Data presented support the hypothesis of certification changes as the primary factor influencing suicide rates during the first 12-year segment, but suggest a period of actual growth combined with continued certification change from 1967 to 1979. Concern continues to be expressed regarding suicide deaths among American teens. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics (1957-1984) reveal that the reported rate of suicide among persons 15-19 years of age rose from 2.6 per 100,000 population in 1955 to 8.6 per 100,000 population in 1979. This tripling of reported rates over 25 years has formed the basis for claims of an "epidemic" of teenage suicides (Cable News Network, 1985; "Suicide Is Epidemic; Education Saves Lives," 1985). The apparent urgency presented by such claims has moved some to seek state and federal mandates for incorporation of suicide education programs into school curricula (Cantor, 1985). Suicide rates have long been suspect as underreported, especially in the case of younger victims (Wekstein, 1979). Holinger (1978) specified three hypotheses regarding the increased rate among adolescents: