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Papers by Richard Kastner

Research paper thumbnail of Auscultation et modélisation numérique du processus de creusement à l'aide d'un tunnelier

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical studies of seepage failure of sand within a cofferdam

Computers and Geotechnics, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Slurry shield tunnelling: Comparison between in situ data and three dimensional numerical simulations

Research paper thumbnail of A Numerical Analysis of Seepage Failure in Stratified Soils within a Cofferdam

Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Passive and active earth pressures in the presence of groundwater flow

Géotechnique, 2006

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the effect of seepage flow on the lateral earth pressures acting o... more ABSTRACT This paper deals with the effect of seepage flow on the lateral earth pressures acting on deep sheeted excavations in cohesionless soil. The computation of the passive and active earth pressures in the presence of hydraulic gradi-ents is performed using the explicit finite difference method implemented in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) code. The available effective passive earth pressure coefficients in the presence of upward seepage forces are given for both associative and non-associative material. The present solutions show that the soil dilation angle influences the effective passive earth pressures for large internal friction angle values of the soil. They also show that the effective passive pressures diminish with the hydraulic head loss. Good agreement is observed between the present results and those using an upper-bound approach in limit analysis for an associative material. For the active case, the effect of downward seepage forces on the active earth pressures is investi-gated. The numerical results show a significant increase in the effective active earth pressures due to a hydraulic head loss. It is also shown that the dilation angle influ-ences the effective active earth pressures for large inter-nal friction angle values. Cet exposé est consacré aux effets des infiltrations sur les pressions terrestres latérales agissant sur les excavations à feuilles profondes dans des sols non cohésifs. Nous calculons les pressions terrestres actives et passives en présence de gradients hydrauliques en utilisant la méth-ode explicite de différence finie mise en oeuvre dans le code FLAC. Nous donnons les coefficients disponibles de pression terrestre passive effective en présence de forces d'infiltration remontantes pour les matières associatives et les matières non associatives. Les solutions données ici montrent que l'angle de dilatation du sol influence les pressions terrestres passives effectives pour les grandes valeurs d'angles de friction interne du sol. Elles montrent aussi que les pressions passives effectives diminuent avec la perte de hauteur hydraulique. On observe une bonne concordance entre ces résultats et ceux qui utilisent une méthode limite supérieure dans une analyse limite pour une matière associative. Pour le cas actif, nous avons étudié l'effet des forces d'infiltration descendantes sur les pressions terrestres actives. Les résultats numériques montrent une augmentation significative des pressions terrestres actives effectives en raison d'une perte de la hauteur hydraulique. Nous montrons aussi que l'angle de dilatation influence les pressions terrestres actives effec-tives pour les grandes valeurs d'angle de friction interne. INTRODUCTION Deep sheeted excavations are commonly encountered in the practice of geotechnical engineering. The major factor that influences the design of such structures is the flow of water around the sheet piles. The seepage flow influences the overall stability of the wall and the stability of the excava-tion where bulk heave or piping may occur. A further factor to be considered in the design of these structures is the rate of seepage into the excavation. The determination of the rate of seepage flow into an excavation has been considered by several authors in the literature. In the past, design charts for steady seepage into cofferdams were presented on the basis of numerical solu-tions (Fox & McNamee, 1948; McNamee, 1949) and physi-cal modelling (Marsland, 1953). Analytical solutions have been sought by several researchers. The problem of seepage into a cofferdam in an infinitely deep stratum, and into an infinitely wide double-walled system, was developed by Harr & Deen (1961) and Harr (1962) respectively. The problem of seepage into a cofferdam in a pervious stratum of finite depth was presented by King & Cockroft (1972), Banerjee & Muleshkov (1992) and Banerjee (1993).

Research paper thumbnail of Influence des forces d'écoulement sur les pressions passives des terres

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Prediction Models for Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines

iransaze.com

Page 1. ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺲﻧاﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺸﺷ 9-7 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1382 ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻤﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ،ناﺮﯾا ناﺮﻬﺗ Performa... more Page 1. ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺲﻧاﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺸﺷ 9-7 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1382 ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻤﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ،ناﺮﯾا ناﺮﻬﺗ Performance Prediction Models for Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines Ahmad Ramezanzadeh, PhD student, URGC, INSA of Lyon, France Jamal Rostami, Assi. professor, Dep. of Mining Eng., Univ. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la stabilit� d'ensemble des rideaux de sout�nement ancr�s

Laboratory tests on a two-dimensional model of an anchored sheet pile structure are carried out t... more Laboratory tests on a two-dimensional model of an anchored sheet pile structure are carried out to study the displacement field of a soil-structure system. The comparison of the experimental results with those obtained by the Kranz method shows significant differences. The overall stability analysis of these structures is then investigated by a theoretical model using the upper-bound method of the

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la but�e des terres en pr�sence d'�coulement

This paper deals with the dewatering effects on deep excavations. A theoretical model is proposed... more This paper deals with the dewatering effects on deep excavations. A theoretical model is proposed to evaluate the risk due to the heaving phenomena and to compute the reduction of the passive earth pressures in the presence of seepage flow. The present calculation scheme is based on the upper-bound method of the limit analysis theory. The failure mechanism adopted is a rotational one. It is bounded by a log-spiral slip surface. The numerical results obtained are presented and discussed.Cet article traite des effets liés à la mise hors d'eau d'excavations profondes. Une approche théorique est proposée pour évaluer le risque de renard et la diminution de la butée liée à l'écoulement. Le schéma de calcul retenu est basé sur la méthode cinématique de la théorie de l 'analyse limite. Le mécanisme de rupture adopté est de type rotationnel. Il est constitué d'un bloc rigide délimité par une ligne de glissement en spirale logarithmique d'angle ø. Les résultats numériques obtenus sont présentés et discutés.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of constitutive models on the numerical analysis of underground constructions

Acta Geotechnica, Mar 18, 2008

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-e... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion. Generally, this leads to shallower and wider surface settlement troughs than those observed experimentally. It is therefore necessary to use adapted constitutive models for the design of underground works. In this paper, three constitutive models are implemented in a two-dimensional simulation of an underground excavation in plane strain: a linear-elastic perfectly plastic model (the MC model), an elastoplastic model with isotropic hardening [the hardening soil (HS) model, Schanz et al., Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 281-290, 1999 and an extension of this model which implies an evolution of the stiffness modulus in the small-strain range according to the strain level (the HS model with smallstrain stiffness ''HS-Small'', Benz, Small-strain stiffness of soils and its numerical consequences. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Stuttgart, 189 pp., 2007). The study is based on the results of drained triaxial compression tests representing an overconsolidated clay (Gasparre, Advanced laboratory characterisation of London clay. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College London, 598 pp., 2005); and is then applied to a shallow tunnel. The impact of the constitutive model is highlighted as well as the limits of the simplest constitutive model.

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la but�e sur un �cran de largeur limit�e en sol frottant

This paper deals with the problem of the three dimensional passive earth pressures. First, the mo... more This paper deals with the problem of the three dimensional passive earth pressures. First, the model tests carried out allows one to deduce the mode of failure of wall of limited breadth. Then, a theoretical study based on the kinematical approach of the limit analysis theory is investigated. Three translational kinematically admissible failure mechanisms are considered. The smallest upper-bound solutions of the three dimensional passive earth pressures are presented and discussed.De nombreux ouvrages mobilisent la résistance passive du sol de manière tridimensionnelle. L'objectif de cet article est de quantifier la butée des terres sur un ecran de largeur limitée. Une campagne d'essais sur modèle réduit a permis de mettre en évidence différents modes de rupture suivant l'élancement de l'écran. Les schémas de rupture obtenus ont permis d'élaborer un modèle de calcul de la butée tridimensionnelle dans le cas des écrans peu élands. L'outil théorique retenu est l'approche cinématique de l'analyse limite. Trois mécanismes de rupture de type translationnel sont envisagés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de dégager le meilleur majorant de l 'effort de butée.

Research paper thumbnail of Mod�lisation num�rique du renforcement du front de taille d'un tunnel

Research paper thumbnail of Quelques r�sultats de recherches acquis dans le cadre du projet national Microtunnels

Research paper thumbnail of Modélisation numérique de l'apport du renforcement par boulonnage du front de taille des tunnels

Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Elastoplastic Soil Models for Numerical Analysis of Underground Constructions

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel execution is linear-el... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel execution is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion (MC). Generally, this does not leave to realistic soil movement around the excavated tunnel. In this paper, constitutive models representing the behaviour of an overconsolidated clay with different levels of complexity are implemented in FLAC. The study is based on

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la butée des terres en présence d'écoulement

Revue Francaise De Genie Civil, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Mod�lisation num�rique de l'apport du renforcement par boulonnage du front de taille des tunnels

Research paper thumbnail of Impact des modèles de comportement sur la modélisation des ouvrages souterrains

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-e... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion. Generally, this leads to shallower and wider surface settlement troughs than those observed experimentally. It is therefore necessary to use adapted constitutive models for the design of underground works. In this paper, three constitutive models are implemented in a two-dimensional simulation of an underground excavation in plane strain: a linear-elastic perfectly plastic model (the MC model), an elastoplastic model with isotropic hardening [the hardening soil (HS) model, Schanz et al., Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 281-290, 1999 and an extension of this model which implies an evolution of the stiffness modulus in the small-strain range according to the strain level (the HS model with smallstrain stiffness ''HS-Small'', Benz, Small-strain stiffness of soils and its numerical consequences. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Stuttgart, 189 pp., 2007). The study is based on the results of drained triaxial compression tests representing an overconsolidated clay (Gasparre, Advanced laboratory characterisation of London clay. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College London, 598 pp., 2005); and is then applied to a shallow tunnel. The impact of the constitutive model is highlighted as well as the limits of the simplest constitutive model.

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical modeling of the contribution of the reinforcement by bolting of the coal face of the tunnels

Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Quelques résultats de recherches acquis dans le cadre du projet national Microtunnels

Revue française de génie civil, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Auscultation et modélisation numérique du processus de creusement à l'aide d'un tunnelier

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical studies of seepage failure of sand within a cofferdam

Computers and Geotechnics, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Slurry shield tunnelling: Comparison between in situ data and three dimensional numerical simulations

Research paper thumbnail of A Numerical Analysis of Seepage Failure in Stratified Soils within a Cofferdam

Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Passive and active earth pressures in the presence of groundwater flow

Géotechnique, 2006

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the effect of seepage flow on the lateral earth pressures acting o... more ABSTRACT This paper deals with the effect of seepage flow on the lateral earth pressures acting on deep sheeted excavations in cohesionless soil. The computation of the passive and active earth pressures in the presence of hydraulic gradi-ents is performed using the explicit finite difference method implemented in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) code. The available effective passive earth pressure coefficients in the presence of upward seepage forces are given for both associative and non-associative material. The present solutions show that the soil dilation angle influences the effective passive earth pressures for large internal friction angle values of the soil. They also show that the effective passive pressures diminish with the hydraulic head loss. Good agreement is observed between the present results and those using an upper-bound approach in limit analysis for an associative material. For the active case, the effect of downward seepage forces on the active earth pressures is investi-gated. The numerical results show a significant increase in the effective active earth pressures due to a hydraulic head loss. It is also shown that the dilation angle influ-ences the effective active earth pressures for large inter-nal friction angle values. Cet exposé est consacré aux effets des infiltrations sur les pressions terrestres latérales agissant sur les excavations à feuilles profondes dans des sols non cohésifs. Nous calculons les pressions terrestres actives et passives en présence de gradients hydrauliques en utilisant la méth-ode explicite de différence finie mise en oeuvre dans le code FLAC. Nous donnons les coefficients disponibles de pression terrestre passive effective en présence de forces d'infiltration remontantes pour les matières associatives et les matières non associatives. Les solutions données ici montrent que l'angle de dilatation du sol influence les pressions terrestres passives effectives pour les grandes valeurs d'angles de friction interne du sol. Elles montrent aussi que les pressions passives effectives diminuent avec la perte de hauteur hydraulique. On observe une bonne concordance entre ces résultats et ceux qui utilisent une méthode limite supérieure dans une analyse limite pour une matière associative. Pour le cas actif, nous avons étudié l'effet des forces d'infiltration descendantes sur les pressions terrestres actives. Les résultats numériques montrent une augmentation significative des pressions terrestres actives effectives en raison d'une perte de la hauteur hydraulique. Nous montrons aussi que l'angle de dilatation influence les pressions terrestres actives effec-tives pour les grandes valeurs d'angle de friction interne. INTRODUCTION Deep sheeted excavations are commonly encountered in the practice of geotechnical engineering. The major factor that influences the design of such structures is the flow of water around the sheet piles. The seepage flow influences the overall stability of the wall and the stability of the excava-tion where bulk heave or piping may occur. A further factor to be considered in the design of these structures is the rate of seepage into the excavation. The determination of the rate of seepage flow into an excavation has been considered by several authors in the literature. In the past, design charts for steady seepage into cofferdams were presented on the basis of numerical solu-tions (Fox & McNamee, 1948; McNamee, 1949) and physi-cal modelling (Marsland, 1953). Analytical solutions have been sought by several researchers. The problem of seepage into a cofferdam in an infinitely deep stratum, and into an infinitely wide double-walled system, was developed by Harr & Deen (1961) and Harr (1962) respectively. The problem of seepage into a cofferdam in a pervious stratum of finite depth was presented by King & Cockroft (1972), Banerjee & Muleshkov (1992) and Banerjee (1993).

Research paper thumbnail of Influence des forces d'écoulement sur les pressions passives des terres

Research paper thumbnail of Performance Prediction Models for Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines

iransaze.com

Page 1. ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺲﻧاﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺸﺷ 9-7 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1382 ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻤﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ،ناﺮﯾا ناﺮﻬﺗ Performa... more Page 1. ﻞﻧﻮﺗ ﺲﻧاﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻤﺸﺷ 9-7 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1382 ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻤﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ،ناﺮﯾا ناﺮﻬﺗ Performance Prediction Models for Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines Ahmad Ramezanzadeh, PhD student, URGC, INSA of Lyon, France Jamal Rostami, Assi. professor, Dep. of Mining Eng., Univ. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la stabilit� d'ensemble des rideaux de sout�nement ancr�s

Laboratory tests on a two-dimensional model of an anchored sheet pile structure are carried out t... more Laboratory tests on a two-dimensional model of an anchored sheet pile structure are carried out to study the displacement field of a soil-structure system. The comparison of the experimental results with those obtained by the Kranz method shows significant differences. The overall stability analysis of these structures is then investigated by a theoretical model using the upper-bound method of the

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la but�e des terres en pr�sence d'�coulement

This paper deals with the dewatering effects on deep excavations. A theoretical model is proposed... more This paper deals with the dewatering effects on deep excavations. A theoretical model is proposed to evaluate the risk due to the heaving phenomena and to compute the reduction of the passive earth pressures in the presence of seepage flow. The present calculation scheme is based on the upper-bound method of the limit analysis theory. The failure mechanism adopted is a rotational one. It is bounded by a log-spiral slip surface. The numerical results obtained are presented and discussed.Cet article traite des effets liés à la mise hors d'eau d'excavations profondes. Une approche théorique est proposée pour évaluer le risque de renard et la diminution de la butée liée à l'écoulement. Le schéma de calcul retenu est basé sur la méthode cinématique de la théorie de l 'analyse limite. Le mécanisme de rupture adopté est de type rotationnel. Il est constitué d'un bloc rigide délimité par une ligne de glissement en spirale logarithmique d'angle ø. Les résultats numériques obtenus sont présentés et discutés.

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of constitutive models on the numerical analysis of underground constructions

Acta Geotechnica, Mar 18, 2008

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-e... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion. Generally, this leads to shallower and wider surface settlement troughs than those observed experimentally. It is therefore necessary to use adapted constitutive models for the design of underground works. In this paper, three constitutive models are implemented in a two-dimensional simulation of an underground excavation in plane strain: a linear-elastic perfectly plastic model (the MC model), an elastoplastic model with isotropic hardening [the hardening soil (HS) model, Schanz et al., Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 281-290, 1999 and an extension of this model which implies an evolution of the stiffness modulus in the small-strain range according to the strain level (the HS model with smallstrain stiffness ''HS-Small'', Benz, Small-strain stiffness of soils and its numerical consequences. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Stuttgart, 189 pp., 2007). The study is based on the results of drained triaxial compression tests representing an overconsolidated clay (Gasparre, Advanced laboratory characterisation of London clay. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College London, 598 pp., 2005); and is then applied to a shallow tunnel. The impact of the constitutive model is highlighted as well as the limits of the simplest constitutive model.

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la but�e sur un �cran de largeur limit�e en sol frottant

This paper deals with the problem of the three dimensional passive earth pressures. First, the mo... more This paper deals with the problem of the three dimensional passive earth pressures. First, the model tests carried out allows one to deduce the mode of failure of wall of limited breadth. Then, a theoretical study based on the kinematical approach of the limit analysis theory is investigated. Three translational kinematically admissible failure mechanisms are considered. The smallest upper-bound solutions of the three dimensional passive earth pressures are presented and discussed.De nombreux ouvrages mobilisent la résistance passive du sol de manière tridimensionnelle. L'objectif de cet article est de quantifier la butée des terres sur un ecran de largeur limitée. Une campagne d'essais sur modèle réduit a permis de mettre en évidence différents modes de rupture suivant l'élancement de l'écran. Les schémas de rupture obtenus ont permis d'élaborer un modèle de calcul de la butée tridimensionnelle dans le cas des écrans peu élands. L'outil théorique retenu est l'approche cinématique de l'analyse limite. Trois mécanismes de rupture de type translationnel sont envisagés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de dégager le meilleur majorant de l 'effort de butée.

Research paper thumbnail of Mod�lisation num�rique du renforcement du front de taille d'un tunnel

Research paper thumbnail of Quelques r�sultats de recherches acquis dans le cadre du projet national Microtunnels

Research paper thumbnail of Modélisation numérique de l'apport du renforcement par boulonnage du front de taille des tunnels

Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2005

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Elastoplastic Soil Models for Numerical Analysis of Underground Constructions

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel execution is linear-el... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel execution is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion (MC). Generally, this does not leave to realistic soil movement around the excavated tunnel. In this paper, constitutive models representing the behaviour of an overconsolidated clay with different levels of complexity are implemented in FLAC. The study is based on

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de la butée des terres en présence d'écoulement

Revue Francaise De Genie Civil, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Mod�lisation num�rique de l'apport du renforcement par boulonnage du front de taille des tunnels

Research paper thumbnail of Impact des modèles de comportement sur la modélisation des ouvrages souterrains

The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-e... more The constitutive model frequently used in numerical calculations of tunnel excavation is linear-elastic perfectly plastic with a Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure criterion. Generally, this leads to shallower and wider surface settlement troughs than those observed experimentally. It is therefore necessary to use adapted constitutive models for the design of underground works. In this paper, three constitutive models are implemented in a two-dimensional simulation of an underground excavation in plane strain: a linear-elastic perfectly plastic model (the MC model), an elastoplastic model with isotropic hardening [the hardening soil (HS) model, Schanz et al., Beyond 2000 in computational geotechnics, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 281-290, 1999 and an extension of this model which implies an evolution of the stiffness modulus in the small-strain range according to the strain level (the HS model with smallstrain stiffness ''HS-Small'', Benz, Small-strain stiffness of soils and its numerical consequences. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Stuttgart, 189 pp., 2007). The study is based on the results of drained triaxial compression tests representing an overconsolidated clay (Gasparre, Advanced laboratory characterisation of London clay. Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College London, 598 pp., 2005); and is then applied to a shallow tunnel. The impact of the constitutive model is highlighted as well as the limits of the simplest constitutive model.

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical modeling of the contribution of the reinforcement by bolting of the coal face of the tunnels

Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Research paper thumbnail of Quelques résultats de recherches acquis dans le cadre du projet national Microtunnels

Revue française de génie civil, 2004