Richard Kennedy - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Richard Kennedy

Analytical Letters, Feb 1, 1988

Abstract The adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of the lectin, phytohemagglutinin, has b... more Abstract The adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of the lectin, phytohemagglutinin, has been optimised with respect to accumulation time, accumulation potential, pulse amplitude, scan rate and drop size. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry has also been used ...

J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal, 1998

The simultaneous detection of the phase I metabolite of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and the two ... more The simultaneous detection of the phase I metabolite of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and the two phase II metabolites, 7-hydroxycoumarin-glucuronide and 7-hydroxycoumarin-sulphate by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection using liver slice incubations was investigated. Separation was carried out on an untreated fused silica capillary with detection at 320 nm. Separation was achieved in under 6 min with a total run time of 8 min. Both phase two metabolites were produced following an in vitro incubation of liver slices in Krebs-Hanseleit buffer with 100 μM 7-hydroxycoumarin. Limits of detection were 5.52 μM (2 μg ml−1) for the glucuronide, 2.21 μM (0.5 μg ml−1) for the sulphate and 6.17 μM (1 μg ml)−1 for 7-hydroxycoumarin. Mean inter- and intra-assay results are presented for all three analytes, respectively.

Biomedical Microdevices, May 11, 2011

This paper presents an overview of development of a novel disposable plastic biochip for multiple... more This paper presents an overview of development of a novel disposable plastic biochip for multiplexed clinical diagnostic applications. The disposable biochip is manufactured using a low-cost, rapid turn- around injection moulding process and consists of nine parabolic elements on a planar substrate. The optical elements are based on supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) which provides substantial enhancement of the fluorescence collection efficiency but also confines the fluorescence detection volume strictly to the immediate proximity of the biochip surface, thereby having the potential to discriminate against background fluorescence from the analyte solution. An optical reader is also described that enables interrogation and fluorescence collection from the nine optical elements on the chip. The sensitivity of the system was determined with a biotin-avidin assay while its clinical utility was demonstrated in an assay for C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker.

J Immunol Method, 1997

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection using the BIAcore™ biosensing system was employed for t... more Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection using the BIAcore™ biosensing system was employed for the detection of blood group-associated antigens (BGAA) on whole erythrocytes. The quantitative detection of erythrocytes was accomplished by covalently immobilising blood group-specific antibodies (IgM) to a dextran matrix and monitoring the cell binding response. Non-specific binding of erythrocytes to the IgM coated surface was not detected. Relatively mild regeneration conditions (20 mM NaOH) were employed to elute bound erythrocytes, in order to preserve the activity of the immobilised antibody and allow the surface to be used repeatedly. Regeneration of the surface was particularly difficult when a high IgM immobilisation level was used and when the number of bound cells was high. Despite these considerations, a quantitative relationship between the cell binding response and erythrocyte concentration was confirmed. Erythrocyte preparations, diluted by a factor of ten as compared to physiological concentrations, were detectable. The occurrence of non-specific false positives appears to be minimal and allows the system to be used for blood typing. As a model study, the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) was covalently immobilised onto a hydrophilic dextran matrix and successfully used to support the capture of erythrocytes from suspension.

Food Agric Immunol, 2003

... JANE FITZPATICK,1,2 BERNADETTE M. MANNING1 AND ... Many steroids are found in a conjugated fo... more ... JANE FITZPATICK,1,2 BERNADETTE M. MANNING1 AND ... Many steroids are found in a conjugated form in bile (Hewitt et al., 1993; Elliott et al., 1994; Cooper et al., 1998) and it is possible that EE could be conjugated in this matrix. ...

Xenobiotica, 1996

1. A simple, rapid method was developed for studying xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 in ... more 1. A simple, rapid method was developed for studying xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 in liver microsome preparations. Capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the metabolite from the metabolic mixture. 2. Coumarin is metabolized to 7-hydroxycoumarin by a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme. Human, bovine, gerbil, mouse (Schofield, CO1), rat, rabbit, porcine, and cynomologus monkey microsomal preparations were investigated for coumarin metabolism by determining the content of 7-hydroxycoumarin present after metabolism. 3. Separation of 7-hydroxycoumarin from the reaction mixture was carried out in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, on a fused silica capillary at 25 degrees C and 15 kV. The metabolic matrix consisted of an NADPH regeneration system, 205.5 mu M coumarin, and the microsomal preparation. Standard curves were prepared in the microsomal preparation and the limit of quantification was 6.17 mu M, with a linear range from 0 to 308.5 mu M. 4. The reaction was initiated by the addition of the microsomes. An aliquot of the reaction mixture was removed at specific timed intervals over 2 h and injected directly onto a capillary electrophoresis column and the concentration of 7-hydroxycoumarin determined. The metabolism of coumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin is greatest in human and monkey microsomes.

In this paper, we implement rotational flow control on a polymeric microfluidic "lab-on-a-disc" d... more In this paper, we implement rotational flow control on a polymeric microfluidic "lab-on-a-disc" device by combining serial siphoning and capillary valving for sequential release of on-board stored liquid reagents. The functionality of this integrated, multi-step centrifugal assay platform is tightly linked by the capability to establish reproducible, capillary-driven priming of the innately hydrophobic siphon microchannels. We here demonstrate for the first time that spin-coated hydrophilic polymeric films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and (hydroxylpropyl)methyl cellulose provide stable contact angles.

Fertility and Sterility, 2004

Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1992

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analys... more A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and its glucuronide conjugate in urine and plasma. This method was used to monitor the urinary excretion of these compounds following a single oral dose of coumarin (100 mg). This new method gives excellent chromatographic separation and includes an internal standard. The method was validated and shown to be both accurate and precise in the range 0.5-100 micrograms/ml.

European Journal of Physics a Journal of the European Physical Society, 2004

The first European Union Science Olympiad (EUSO2003) took place at Dublin City University in Apri... more The first European Union Science Olympiad (EUSO2003) took place at Dublin City University in April 2003. In this paper we discuss the philosophy behind and implementation of this new competition, and the role third-level institutions can play in making science more attractive to second-level students via competitions of this nature. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of the experiments, the team-working skills required and the potential for stimulating the uptake of science at second and third levels. We use an experimental problem on photosynthesis, which has a strong physics component, to illustrate our ideas and methodology and assess the overall success of the first EUSO competition.

Killard Anthony J and Deasy Brian and O Kennedy Richard and Smyth Malcolm R Antibodies Production Functions and Applications in Biosensors Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14 Pp 257 266 Issn 0165 9936, Jun 1, 1995

ABSTRACT

Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives (2001), 2001

ABSTRACT

IJCNN-91-Seattle International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1991

A multilayered perceptron (MLP) was trained to diagnose the presence of acute myocardial infarcti... more A multilayered perceptron (MLP) was trained to diagnose the presence of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) in patients admitted to an emergency unit with acute chest pain. Two learning algorithms, based on mean-square-error and the log-likelihood function, are compared. Their performance does not differ significantly, but the latter rule converges much more rapidly. Performance in excess of that of the

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, Jan 24, 2015

To identify neurocognitive predictors of medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in participants w... more To identify neurocognitive predictors of medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in participants with mild and moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Academic medical center. Sixty adult controls and 104 adults with TBI (49 mild, 55 moderate/severe) evaluated within 6 weeks of injury. Prospective cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument to assess MDC and a neuropsychological test battery. We used factor analysis to reduce the battery test measures into 4 cognitive composite scores (verbal memory, verbal fluency, academic skills, and processing speed/executive function). We identified cognitive predictors of the 3 most clinically relevant Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument consent standards (appreciation, reasoning, and understanding). In controls, academic skills (word reading, arithmetic) and verbal memory predicted understanding; verbal fluency predicted reasoning; and no predictors emerged for appreciation. In th...

Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2014

AD subjects (n¼25) were recruited from each country for a total of 675. Controls represented four... more AD subjects (n¼25) were recruited from each country for a total of 675. Controls represented four age strata (50/strata/country); ages 65-88, including men and women with a range of low and high education. Healthy subjects repeat the battery one month after initial testing to assess test-retest and alternate form reliability. Construct validity will be assessed by examining the correlation among measures in healthy controls. Criterion and discriminant validity of the cognitive measures will be tested in the entire sample (controls and AD) using logistic regression, discriminant analysis, and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Measure equivalence across countries will be examined in relationship to information available in US samples. Age-normed values, adjusted for education and gender when appropriate, will be used for endpoint evaluation in the multi-national TOM-MORROW study. Conclusions: MCI-AD is a new endpoint in clinical trials to delay or prevent symptomatic AD onset. An important first step for international trials of this kind is the development of a carefully validated, well normed MCI-AD outcome battery.

The Developmental Relations among Mind, Brain and Education, 2010

General Hospital Psychiatry, 2001

Trichotillomania represents a syndrome of hair pulling in which patients compulsively and rituali... more Trichotillomania represents a syndrome of hair pulling in which patients compulsively and ritualistically pluck their hair in response to a sense of tension or urgency. This report documents a case of hair pulling associated with dementia. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated the deficits to be localized predominantly to the frontal lobe dysfunction.

Analytical Letters, Feb 1, 1988

Abstract The adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of the lectin, phytohemagglutinin, has b... more Abstract The adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of the lectin, phytohemagglutinin, has been optimised with respect to accumulation time, accumulation potential, pulse amplitude, scan rate and drop size. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry has also been used ...

J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal, 1998

The simultaneous detection of the phase I metabolite of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and the two ... more The simultaneous detection of the phase I metabolite of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and the two phase II metabolites, 7-hydroxycoumarin-glucuronide and 7-hydroxycoumarin-sulphate by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection using liver slice incubations was investigated. Separation was carried out on an untreated fused silica capillary with detection at 320 nm. Separation was achieved in under 6 min with a total run time of 8 min. Both phase two metabolites were produced following an in vitro incubation of liver slices in Krebs-Hanseleit buffer with 100 μM 7-hydroxycoumarin. Limits of detection were 5.52 μM (2 μg ml−1) for the glucuronide, 2.21 μM (0.5 μg ml−1) for the sulphate and 6.17 μM (1 μg ml)−1 for 7-hydroxycoumarin. Mean inter- and intra-assay results are presented for all three analytes, respectively.

Biomedical Microdevices, May 11, 2011

This paper presents an overview of development of a novel disposable plastic biochip for multiple... more This paper presents an overview of development of a novel disposable plastic biochip for multiplexed clinical diagnostic applications. The disposable biochip is manufactured using a low-cost, rapid turn- around injection moulding process and consists of nine parabolic elements on a planar substrate. The optical elements are based on supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) which provides substantial enhancement of the fluorescence collection efficiency but also confines the fluorescence detection volume strictly to the immediate proximity of the biochip surface, thereby having the potential to discriminate against background fluorescence from the analyte solution. An optical reader is also described that enables interrogation and fluorescence collection from the nine optical elements on the chip. The sensitivity of the system was determined with a biotin-avidin assay while its clinical utility was demonstrated in an assay for C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker.

J Immunol Method, 1997

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection using the BIAcore™ biosensing system was employed for t... more Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection using the BIAcore™ biosensing system was employed for the detection of blood group-associated antigens (BGAA) on whole erythrocytes. The quantitative detection of erythrocytes was accomplished by covalently immobilising blood group-specific antibodies (IgM) to a dextran matrix and monitoring the cell binding response. Non-specific binding of erythrocytes to the IgM coated surface was not detected. Relatively mild regeneration conditions (20 mM NaOH) were employed to elute bound erythrocytes, in order to preserve the activity of the immobilised antibody and allow the surface to be used repeatedly. Regeneration of the surface was particularly difficult when a high IgM immobilisation level was used and when the number of bound cells was high. Despite these considerations, a quantitative relationship between the cell binding response and erythrocyte concentration was confirmed. Erythrocyte preparations, diluted by a factor of ten as compared to physiological concentrations, were detectable. The occurrence of non-specific false positives appears to be minimal and allows the system to be used for blood typing. As a model study, the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) was covalently immobilised onto a hydrophilic dextran matrix and successfully used to support the capture of erythrocytes from suspension.

Food Agric Immunol, 2003

... JANE FITZPATICK,1,2 BERNADETTE M. MANNING1 AND ... Many steroids are found in a conjugated fo... more ... JANE FITZPATICK,1,2 BERNADETTE M. MANNING1 AND ... Many steroids are found in a conjugated form in bile (Hewitt et al., 1993; Elliott et al., 1994; Cooper et al., 1998) and it is possible that EE could be conjugated in this matrix. ...

Xenobiotica, 1996

1. A simple, rapid method was developed for studying xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 in ... more 1. A simple, rapid method was developed for studying xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 in liver microsome preparations. Capillary electrophoresis was used to separate the metabolite from the metabolic mixture. 2. Coumarin is metabolized to 7-hydroxycoumarin by a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme. Human, bovine, gerbil, mouse (Schofield, CO1), rat, rabbit, porcine, and cynomologus monkey microsomal preparations were investigated for coumarin metabolism by determining the content of 7-hydroxycoumarin present after metabolism. 3. Separation of 7-hydroxycoumarin from the reaction mixture was carried out in 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, on a fused silica capillary at 25 degrees C and 15 kV. The metabolic matrix consisted of an NADPH regeneration system, 205.5 mu M coumarin, and the microsomal preparation. Standard curves were prepared in the microsomal preparation and the limit of quantification was 6.17 mu M, with a linear range from 0 to 308.5 mu M. 4. The reaction was initiated by the addition of the microsomes. An aliquot of the reaction mixture was removed at specific timed intervals over 2 h and injected directly onto a capillary electrophoresis column and the concentration of 7-hydroxycoumarin determined. The metabolism of coumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin is greatest in human and monkey microsomes.

In this paper, we implement rotational flow control on a polymeric microfluidic "lab-on-a-disc" d... more In this paper, we implement rotational flow control on a polymeric microfluidic "lab-on-a-disc" device by combining serial siphoning and capillary valving for sequential release of on-board stored liquid reagents. The functionality of this integrated, multi-step centrifugal assay platform is tightly linked by the capability to establish reproducible, capillary-driven priming of the innately hydrophobic siphon microchannels. We here demonstrate for the first time that spin-coated hydrophilic polymeric films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and (hydroxylpropyl)methyl cellulose provide stable contact angles.

Fertility and Sterility, 2004

Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 1992

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analys... more A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin and its glucuronide conjugate in urine and plasma. This method was used to monitor the urinary excretion of these compounds following a single oral dose of coumarin (100 mg). This new method gives excellent chromatographic separation and includes an internal standard. The method was validated and shown to be both accurate and precise in the range 0.5-100 micrograms/ml.

European Journal of Physics a Journal of the European Physical Society, 2004

The first European Union Science Olympiad (EUSO2003) took place at Dublin City University in Apri... more The first European Union Science Olympiad (EUSO2003) took place at Dublin City University in April 2003. In this paper we discuss the philosophy behind and implementation of this new competition, and the role third-level institutions can play in making science more attractive to second-level students via competitions of this nature. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of the experiments, the team-working skills required and the potential for stimulating the uptake of science at second and third levels. We use an experimental problem on photosynthesis, which has a strong physics component, to illustrate our ideas and methodology and assess the overall success of the first EUSO competition.

Killard Anthony J and Deasy Brian and O Kennedy Richard and Smyth Malcolm R Antibodies Production Functions and Applications in Biosensors Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry 14 Pp 257 266 Issn 0165 9936, Jun 1, 1995

ABSTRACT

Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Various Derivatives (2001), 2001

ABSTRACT

IJCNN-91-Seattle International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1991

A multilayered perceptron (MLP) was trained to diagnose the presence of acute myocardial infarcti... more A multilayered perceptron (MLP) was trained to diagnose the presence of acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) in patients admitted to an emergency unit with acute chest pain. Two learning algorithms, based on mean-square-error and the log-likelihood function, are compared. Their performance does not differ significantly, but the latter rule converges much more rapidly. Performance in excess of that of the

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, Jan 24, 2015

To identify neurocognitive predictors of medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in participants w... more To identify neurocognitive predictors of medical decision-making capacity (MDC) in participants with mild and moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Academic medical center. Sixty adult controls and 104 adults with TBI (49 mild, 55 moderate/severe) evaluated within 6 weeks of injury. Prospective cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument to assess MDC and a neuropsychological test battery. We used factor analysis to reduce the battery test measures into 4 cognitive composite scores (verbal memory, verbal fluency, academic skills, and processing speed/executive function). We identified cognitive predictors of the 3 most clinically relevant Capacity to Consent to Treatment Instrument consent standards (appreciation, reasoning, and understanding). In controls, academic skills (word reading, arithmetic) and verbal memory predicted understanding; verbal fluency predicted reasoning; and no predictors emerged for appreciation. In th...

Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2014

AD subjects (n¼25) were recruited from each country for a total of 675. Controls represented four... more AD subjects (n¼25) were recruited from each country for a total of 675. Controls represented four age strata (50/strata/country); ages 65-88, including men and women with a range of low and high education. Healthy subjects repeat the battery one month after initial testing to assess test-retest and alternate form reliability. Construct validity will be assessed by examining the correlation among measures in healthy controls. Criterion and discriminant validity of the cognitive measures will be tested in the entire sample (controls and AD) using logistic regression, discriminant analysis, and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. Measure equivalence across countries will be examined in relationship to information available in US samples. Age-normed values, adjusted for education and gender when appropriate, will be used for endpoint evaluation in the multi-national TOM-MORROW study. Conclusions: MCI-AD is a new endpoint in clinical trials to delay or prevent symptomatic AD onset. An important first step for international trials of this kind is the development of a carefully validated, well normed MCI-AD outcome battery.

The Developmental Relations among Mind, Brain and Education, 2010

General Hospital Psychiatry, 2001

Trichotillomania represents a syndrome of hair pulling in which patients compulsively and rituali... more Trichotillomania represents a syndrome of hair pulling in which patients compulsively and ritualistically pluck their hair in response to a sense of tension or urgency. This report documents a case of hair pulling associated with dementia. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated the deficits to be localized predominantly to the frontal lobe dysfunction.