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Papers by Richard Parker

Ciencias Sociales Y Religion Ciencias Sociais E Religiao, 2008

O texto encontra-se estruturado em quatro partes. Na primeira delas, apresentamos um conjunto de ... more O texto encontra-se estruturado em quatro partes. Na primeira delas, apresentamos um conjunto de considerações e informações acerca da situação da aids no Brasil, das relações entre religião, sexualidade, aids e estado laico, bem como uma descrição mais clara do Projeto Respostas Religiosas ao HIV/Aids no Brasil, do qual este texto apresenta algumas impressões de pesquisa preliminares. A seguir, dedicamos um item a apresentação da Pastoral de DST/Aids, sua história, estrutura e objetivos. No item seguinte problematizamos diversas questões em particular no âmbito das relações Estado e Igreja, relações entre agentes de pastoral e hierarquia da Igreja, e questões ligadas mais diretamente à sexualidade e aids, todas referenciadas ao trabalho da Pastoral de DST/Aids. Ao final, apresentamos a bibliografia e fontes consultadas.

American Journal of Public Health, Oct 10, 2011

The Brazilian National AIDS Program is widely recognized as the leading example of an integrated ... more The Brazilian National AIDS Program is widely recognized as the leading example of an integrated HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment program in a developing country. We critically analyze the Brazilian experience, distinguishing those elements that are unique to Brazil from the programmatic and policy decisions that can aid the development of similar programs in other low-and middleincome and developing countries.

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 17441692 2011 604040, Aug 10, 2011

This article provides an ethnographic analysis of Afro-Brazilian religious responses to the HIV e... more This article provides an ethnographic analysis of Afro-Brazilian religious responses to the HIV epidemic in Recife. Drawing on participant observation and in-depth interviews conducted with Afro-Brazilian religious leaders and public health officials, it highlights the importance of the axé -a mystical energy manipulated in religious rituals that is symbolically associated with blood, sweat, and semen. In an analysis of the relationship formed between the state AIDS programme and Afro-Brazilian religious centres, we conclude that the recognition of native categories and their meanings is one of the key elements to a fruitful dialogue between public health programmes and religious leaders that in the case studied, resulted in the re-signification of cultural practices to prevent HIV. Although the Afro-Brazilian religious leaders interviewed tended to be more open about sexuality and condom promotion, stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) was still present within the religious temples, yet appeared to be more centred upon the perception of HIV as negatively affecting followers' axé than judgment related to how one may have contracted the virus. We discuss the tensions between taking a more liberal and open stance on prevention, while also fostering attitudes that may stigmatise PLHIV, and make suggestions for improving the current Afro-Brazilian response to the epidemic.

Horizontes Antropologicos, 2007

Recognizing some of the factors that have facilitated or impeded discourses and action to promote... more Recognizing some of the factors that have facilitated or impeded discourses and action to promote sexual rights around the world, we explore the principles and processes of framing sexual rights and sexual citizenship. We consider political opportunity and the mobilization of resources as important as cultural and emotional interpretations of sexual rights in conceptualizing a "sexual rights movement". Throughout the paper we question whether a movement based on solidarity can be forged between different social movements (i.e., feminist movements, HIV/AIDS movements, LGBT movements, etc.) that are advocating for distinct sexual rights. While theoretically sexual rights range from protection from sexual violation to the celebration of sexual pleasure, in reality the agendas of sexual rights movements are still largely fragmented, heteronormative, and focused on negative rights.

The Journal of Knee Surgery, Oct 1, 2007

PloS one, 2015

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) experience among the highest rates of HIV infection in the... more Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) experience among the highest rates of HIV infection in the United States. We conducted a community-based ethnography in New York City to identify the structural and environmental factors that influence BMSMs vulnerability to HIV and their engagement with HIV prevention services. Methods included participant observation at community-based organizations (CBOs) in New York City, in-depth interviews with 31 BMSM, and 17 key informant interviews. Our conceptual framework shows how creating and sustaining safe spaces could be a critical environmental approach to reduce vulnerability to HIV among BMSM. Participant observation, in-depth and key informant interviews revealed that fear and mistrust characterized men's relation to social and public institutions, such as churches, schools, and the police. This fear and mistrust created HIV vulnerability among the BMSM in our sample by challenging engagement with services. Our findings suggest that to b...

The American journal of sports medicine, Jan 19, 2015

The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form is a patien... more The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form is a patient-reported outcome with adult (1998) and pediatric (2011) versions validated at different ages. Prior longitudinal studies of patients aged 13 to 17 years who tore their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have used the only available adult IKDC, whereas currently the pediatric IKDC is the accepted form of choice. This study compared the adult and pediatric IKDC forms and tested whether the differences were clinically significant. The hypothesis was that the pediatric and adult IKDC questionnaires would show no clinically significant differences in score when completed by patients aged 13 to 17 years. Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. A total of 100 participants aged 13 to 17 years with knee injuries were split into 2 groups by use of simple randomization. One group answered the adult IKDC form first and then the pediatric form. The second group answered the pediatric IKDC for...

2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8484), 2000

Heterogeneous configurable computing systems containing general-purpose processors, special-purpo... more Heterogeneous configurable computing systems containing general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) present several programming and development challenges. The ADAPTERS effort is addressing these challenges by focusing on three technology areas: (1) a unified data flow programming environment, (2) hardware/software partitioning and mapping tool, along with a system level modeling tool, and (3) a

The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014

An initial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear can be treated with surgical reconstruction or f... more An initial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear can be treated with surgical reconstruction or focused rehabilitation. The KANON (Knee Anterior cruciate ligament, NON-surgical versus surgical treatment) randomized controlled trial compared rehabilitation plus early ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to rehabilitation plus optional delayed ACLR and found no difference at 2 years by an intention-to-treat analysis of total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) results. To compare the cost-effectiveness of early versus delayed ACLR. Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2. A Markov decision model was constructed for a cost-utility analysis of early reconstruction (ER) versus rehabilitation plus optional delayed reconstruction (DR). Outcome probabilities and effectiveness were derived from 2 sources: the KANON study and the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) database. Collectively, these 2 sources provided data from 928 ACL-injured patients. Utilities were measured by the Short Form-6 dimensions (SF-6D). Costs were estimated from a societal perspective in 2012 US dollars. Costs and utilities were discounted in accordance with the United States Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Principal outcome measures were average incremental costs, incremental effectiveness (as measured by QALYs), and net health benefits. Willingness to pay was set at 50,000,whichisthecurrentlyacceptedstandardintheUnitedStates.Inthebasecase,theERgroupresultedinanincrementalgainof0.28QALYsovertheDRgroup,withacorrespondingloweroverallcosttosocietyof50,000, which is the currently accepted standard in the United States. In the base case, the ER group resulted in an incremental gain of 0.28 QALYs over the DR group, with a corresponding lower overall cost to society of 50,000,whichisthecurrentlyacceptedstandardintheUnitedStates.Inthebasecase,theERgroupresultedinanincrementalgainof0.28QALYsovertheDRgroup,withacorrespondingloweroverallcosttosocietyof1572. Effectiveness gains were driven by the low utility of an unstable knee and the lower utility for the DR group. The cost of rehabilitation and the rate of additional surgery drove the increased cost of the DR group. The most sensitive variable was the rate of knee instability after initial rehabilitation. When the rate of instability falls to 51.5%, DR is less costly, and when the rate of instability falls below 18.0%, DR becomes the preferred cost-effective strategy. An economic analysis of the timing of ACLR using data exclusively from the KANON trial, MOON cohort, and national average reimbursement revealed that early ACLR was more effective (improved QALYs) at a lower cost than rehabilitation plus optional delayed ACLR. Therefore, early ACLR should be the preferred treatment strategy from a societal health system perspective.

European Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 2014

Recent evidence that smaller hamstring graft diameter is associated with increased failure risk f... more Recent evidence that smaller hamstring graft diameter is associated with increased failure risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has increased the popularity of graft configurations that increase graft diameter at the expense of graft length. A key question is how much graft needs to be in contact with the femoral tunnel to ensure that healing occurs. We hypothesize that no difference in two-year patient-reported outcomes or failure risk exists based on the amount of graft in the femoral tunnel. Through the use of prospectively collected cohort data augmented with retrospective chart review, 120 of 181 consecutive patients (66.3 %) undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft were evaluated. Patient and surgical factors along with pre-operative and two-year postoperative knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores and whether each patient underwent revision ACL reconstruction during the two-year follow-up period were recorded. No differences in two-year patient-reported outcome scores were noted between patients with graft length in the femoral tunnel less than 25 mm and those with graft length in the femoral tunnel of at least 25 mm. Controlling for age, sex, BMI, and femoral tunnel technique, no correlation was noted between KOOS or IKDC scores and either the length of graft in the femoral tunnel or the contact area between the graft and the tunnel. Variation of the length of hamstring autograft in the femoral tunnel between 14 and 35 mm does not predict KOOS or IKDC scores at 2 years postoperative.

APA handbook of sexuality and psychology, Vol. 2: Contextual approaches., 2014

ABSTRACT This chapter explores the formation of communities on the basis of sexuality and examine... more ABSTRACT This chapter explores the formation of communities on the basis of sexuality and examines the emergence of sexual social movements. A sexual social movement is a social and psychological phenomenon in which communities unite in the face of opposition related to sexuality. This opposition can be cognitive, cultural, social, political, and economic—and it can exist among individuals, in families, in communities, and in nations. Sexual social movements are particularly contentious because they question core values, norms, and laws. They also target policy and programs, especially those related to health and education. Their effects are felt closely within the community context in which mobilization sprouts, and they often wind up having a significant impact on changing norms and values in the broader society. Given the inherent space limitations, this chapter focuses on a number of the highest impact global movements focusing on issues of sexuality in the later part of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century: in particular, gay and lesbian movements, feminist movements, and HIV- and AIDS-related movements. It also emphasizes what appear to be a number of the most dynamic new sexual social movements and social movement processes characterizing the new millennium: the growth of transgender communities and movements (see Volume 1, Chapter 24, this handbook) the growing importance of the Internet and information technology in shaping sexual social movements (see Chapter 3, this volume), and the increasing globalization of sexual social movement issues (see Chapter 9, this volume). In focusing on these key movements and the recent trends in social movement organizing that appear to be having a strong impact in shaping contemporary sexual social movements, this chapter also highlights an especially important nexus that cuts across these processes: the fact that sexual social movements most typically grow out of specific sexual communities that are based or grounded, in turn, on a deeply held sense of shared sexual identity (Weeks, 2000) and that are constructed around an equally deeply held set of beliefs and practices that link their members both emotionally and cognitively (Collins, 1990; Hercus, 1999). One of the key challenges facing sexual social movement mobilization, however, is the extent to which notions of community and identity simultaneously can provide the strongest source of inspiration for social and political mobilization, while at the same time constituting a barrier to building broad-based political alliances or coalitions that move beyond the boundaries of one or another specific sexual identity. In this regard, both sexual community formation and sexual social movement mobilization have encountered barriers as well as facilitators because of changes in the types of communications and media that unite people beyond the local or neighborhood level, to the national and to the global level. This chapter explores some of the ways in which these processes have developed historically as well as the ways in which they appear to be evolving in the early 21st century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)

Archives of sexual behavior, Jan 16, 2014

Our analyses address the question of how bisexual Latino men organize their sexual partnerships. ... more Our analyses address the question of how bisexual Latino men organize their sexual partnerships. Heteronormativity can be understood as the set of social norms and normative structures that guide sexual partnering among men and women. We provide descriptive statistics to describe bisexual Latino men's sexual partnerships. Logistic and linear regression modeling were used to explore bivariate and multivariate relationships. Of our total sample (N = 142), 41.6 % had unprotected vaginal intercourse 2 months prior to the interview; 21.8 % had unprotected anal intercourse with female partners; 37.5 % had unprotected insertive anal intercourse with male partners; and 22.5 % had unprotected receptive anal intercourse with male partners. In our multivariate model, machismo was directly associated with meeting female partners through formal spaces (workplace, school, and/or church), but inversely associated with meeting male partners in formal spaces. Machismo was positively associated w...

Horizontes Antropológicos, 2006

This paper focuses on the development of discourses around sexual rights, linking tendencies in o... more This paper focuses on the development of discourses around sexual rights, linking tendencies in official global dialogues with national and local realities. Recognizing some of the factors that have facilitated or impeded discourses and action to promote sexual rights around the world, we explore the principles and processes of framing sexual rights and sexual citizenship. We consider political opportunity and the mobilization of resources as important as cultural and emotional interpretations of sexual rights in conceptualizing a "sexual rights movement". Throughout the paper we question whether a movement based on solidarity can be forged between different social movements (i.e., feminist movements, HIV/AIDS movements, LGBT movements, etc.) that are advocating for distinct sexual rights. While theoretically sexual rights range from protection from sexual violation to the celebration of sexual pleasure, in reality the agendas of sexual rights movements are still largely f...

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2013

Este artigo analisa as respostas das religiões afro-brasileiras à epidemia de Aids no Recife, con... more Este artigo analisa as respostas das religiões afro-brasileiras à epidemia de Aids no Recife, considerando a estrutura simbólica religiosa. Baseando-se em observações participantes e em entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com líderes religiosos afro-brasileiros e técnicos de saúde pública e de ONG, destaca a importância do "axé", a categoria nativa utilizada para pensar os eventos corporais, para entender a história da Aids nessa comunidade religiosa. Axé é energia mística, vitalidade corporal. Ele é manipulado em rituais religiosos e simbolicamente associado a sangue, suor e sêmen. Nos tempos de HIV, os rituais de escarificação corporais e a troca de fluidos durante as transações sexuais, formas para a circulação do axé e elementos-chave para o cultivo deste, também se tornam meio para a transmissão do HIV. Esses elementos foram o foco do diálogo entre as instituições religiosas e o sistema de saúde pública, um processo que gerou mudanças nas práticas religiosas de reg...

Journal of Knee Surgery, 2011

Many clinicians believe that the results of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruct... more Many clinicians believe that the results of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction compare unfavorably with primary ACL reconstruction. However, few prospective studies have evaluated revision ACL reconstruction using validated patient-based metrics. This study was performed to evaluate and compare the results of revision ACL reconstruction and primary ACL reconstruction. The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network consortium is an NIH-funded, hypothesis-driven, multicenter prospective cohort study of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. All patients preoperatively complete a series of validated patient-oriented questionnaires. At scheduled 2year follow-up all patients are given the same series of questionnaires to complete. The study evaluated the results of 2-year follow-up of revision ACL reconstruction performed in 2001. Parameters evaluated included Marx activity level, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. For this study 446 subjects met inclusion criteria; 2-year follow-up was obtained on 393 (88%). The study group consisted of 55% males with median age of 22 years. There were 33 revision ACL reconstruction cases, for which follow-up was available for 29 (88%). Median baseline Marx (interquartile range) was 12 (8 to 16) and 12 (6 to 16) for the primary ACL reconstruction and revision ACL reconstruction groups, respectively (p ¼ 0.

Journal of Knee Surgery, 2009

This study aimed to determine the incidence of meniscal tears and describe the tear morphology an... more This study aimed to determine the incidence of meniscal tears and describe the tear morphology and selected treatment in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We also will discuss the potential market for future tissue engineering aimed at preserving meniscal function. A multicenter cohort of 1014 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction between January 2002 and December 2003 was evaluated. Data on patient demographics, presence of a meniscus tear at time of ACL reconstruction, tear morphology, and meniscal treatment were collected prospectively. Meniscal tears were categorized into 3 potential tissue engineering treatment strategies: all-biologic repair, advanced repair, and scaffold replacement. Of the knees, 36% had medial meniscal tears and 44% had lateral meniscal tears. Longitudinal tears were the most common tear morphology. The most frequent treatment method was partial meniscectomy. Thirty percent of medial meniscal tears and 10% of lateral meniscal tears are eligible for all-biologic repair; 35% of medial meniscal tears and 35% of lateral meniscal tears are eligible for an advanced repair technique; and 35% of medial meniscal tears and 55% of lateral meniscal tears are eligible for scaffold replacement. Although meniscal preservation is generally accepted in the treatment of meniscal tears, most tears in this cohort were not repairable, despite contemporary methods. The results of this cohort will hopefully stimulate and focus future research and development of new tissue engineering strategies for meniscus repair.

Stress Fractures in Athletes, 2014

Stress fractures of the pelvic ring should be suspected everytime a patient complains of hip pain... more Stress fractures of the pelvic ring should be suspected everytime a patient complains of hip pain. These stress fractures are more likely to occur in elderly, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of the hip and after total hip replacement. A bone scan should be performed for early diagnosis, for roentgenolographic evidence of stress fracture often one ago two or three weeks behind the onset of symptoms.

Transplantation, 2010

BACKGROUND.: Urine is a potentially rich source of biomarkers for monitoring kidney dysfunction. ... more BACKGROUND.: Urine is a potentially rich source of biomarkers for monitoring kidney dysfunction. In this study, we have investigated the potential of soluble human leukocyte antigen (sHLA)-DR in the urine for noninvasive monitoring of renal transplant patients. METHODS.: Urinary soluble HLA-DR levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 103 patients with renal diseases or after renal transplantation. sHLA-DR in urine was characterized by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. RESULTS.: Acute graft rejection was associated with a significantly elevated level of urinary sHLA-DR (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.0001), compared with recipients with stable graft function or healthy individuals. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve to be 0.88 (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). At a selected threshold, the sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 98% for detection of acute renal transplant rejection. sHLA-DR was not exosomally associated and was of lower molecular weight compared with the HLA-DR expressed as heterodimer on the plasma membrane of antigen-presenting cells. CONCLUSIONS.: sHLA-DR excreted into urine is a promising indicator of renal transplant rejection.

Veterinary Record, 1995

In 1990 an outbreak of ataxia occurred in over 700 pigs in the north of England. Epidemiological ... more In 1990 an outbreak of ataxia occurred in over 700 pigs in the north of England. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that the disorder was associated with the consumption of feed from a particular supplier and that one component (wheat screenings) was common to the batch of feed with which the ataxia was associated. An analysis of the feed demonstrated the presence of an organophosphorus pesticide, later identified as isofenphos, a pesticide not approved for use in the United Kingdom. The wheat screenings had been imported from France and the warehouse in which they had been stored was contaminated with isofenphos, which is approved for restricted use in France. Isofenphos is known to cause delayed neuropathy. The dose to which the pigs were theoretically exposed would be expected to have resulted in neuropathy (manifested as ataxia).