Rida Draie - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rida Draie

This research was carried out in fig fields in the village of KafarJales, in the north of Syria. ... more This research was carried out in fig fields in the village of KafarJales, in the north of Syria. The analyses were conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture at Idlib University during the 2022 farming season, to evaluate the viability and germination of three local varieties of Caprifig (Bunduqi, Azraq, Panjani). The morphological characteristics, the date of the exodus of insects (Blastophaga psenes) from male fruits, the quantity of pollen, and the percentage of germination and viability were studied on four nutritive media at a temperature of 27°C. The measurements were taken after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. These three pollinators were used to pollinate three varieties of edible figs (white Satehi, Safrawi, and Habashi) to study the effect of pollen source on the productive characteristics of edible fig fruits. The result showed significant superiority of the Bunduqi cultivar over the rest of the cultivars in traits of the fruit's early ripening, pollen quantity, and date of departure of insects. The Azraq cultivar is found to be superior to Bunduqi and Panjani culti vars in the germination rate of pollen at all stages of the experiment and in all used media. The addition of stigma flower extract in culture media increased germination percentage by 35% for all studied Caprifig cultivars. The addition of 10% sucrose in the cultivation environment increased the percentage of pollen germination by 20%. The cultivars that were inoculated with the Panjani polli nator outperformed the characteristics of the length, diameter, and weight, demonstrating that the fruit's quality characteristics are affected by the geno type of the pollinator used. The results of this research can be beneficial for both fig growers and plant breeders, as they help to select the best pollinators and contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of the cul tivated fig fruits.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

Fruit cracking is one of the most important obstacles facing pomegranate cultivation, which infli... more Fruit cracking is one of the most important obstacles facing pomegranate cultivation, which inflicts great damage on the crop, sometimes reaching more than 70%. The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate trees (French variety) in order to study the effect of foliar spraying with zinc in reducing fruit cracking. The experiment was conducted according to a complete randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for zinc concentrations (0, 500, 1000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed the superiority of all treatments of spraying with zinc over the control treatment in most of the studied traits. Also, increasing the number of spraying times with zinc reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as the percentage of cracked fruits reached 73.96%, 21.48%, 15.91%, and 12.72% in the treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times respectively. Similarly, the increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 17.10% and 14.43% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively.

For protect biodiversity and preserve local genetic types, the research was carried out to evalua... more For protect biodiversity and preserve local genetic types, the research was carried out to evaluate some morphological traits of several locally types from Capsicum annuum Plant (Qarn-Aljamous, Qarn-Alghazal, Haskuria, Long-Mutabasha, Short-Mutabasha, Safrania, and Harimia) of Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria for the agricultural season 2022. The morphological characterization was carried out by applying 20 qualitative characterizations that included the characteristics of plants, flowers, fruits and seeds. The distinctive qualitative morphological characteristics were the nature of the flower growth, the shape of the fruit, the appearance or absence of the base of the fruit, and the wavy cross-section of the fruit. Morphological characterization results of the studied types, based on some morphological characteristics, showed that there is a difference between these types, especially in the character of the nature of flower growth and fruit traits. The results of the cluster analysis also showed that the studied models were distributed into two groups: the first included (Long-Mutabasha, Short-Mutabasha, Safrania, and Qarn-Aljamous) and the second included (Qarn-Alghazal, Haskuria, and Harmia

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The dormancy of potato tubers after harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the yi... more The dormancy of potato tubers after harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the yield of the subsequent potato crop. The genetic factor is one of the most important factors affecting the sprouting and the length of the dormant period. Therefore, we conducted this research with the aim of studying the behavior of the tubers of some potato varieties cultivated in northern Syria towards the dormancy and the sprouting. The research was carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in the Al-Rouj Plain, which is considered one of the most important potato production areas in northern Syria. The test was carried out on three varieties: Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. The tubers were treated with gibberellic acid at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 ppm) during four soaking periods (0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes). The design was used completely randomly in the experiment with three replicates per treatment and each replicate was one kg tubers. The results showed the superiority of all treatments on the control and in all the studied characteristics. Spunta exceeded the other studied varieties in sprouting speed by 24.75 days, and the number of sprouts on the sample by 8.78. While the variety Panela outperformed the average weight of one sprout by 6.85 g. In addition, the highest concentration (20 ppm) exceeded the other concentrations in all the studied traits. The longer soaking period (30 minutes) outperformed the other soaking periods in all the studied traits. In general, the interaction of Spunta with gibberellin was superior to the higher concentration and the longer soaking period in the overall studied traits.

Editions universitaires europeennes eBooks, Mar 25, 2011

Research in plant sciences, Aug 26, 2017

Gravely infestation of tomato fields by Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) is growing in the Mediterr... more Gravely infestation of tomato fields by Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) is growing in the Mediterranean basin. Completely devoid of chlorophyll, the root-parasite is entirely dependent on the host-derives and successively competes with the sink organs of infected plants. No efficient and economic control means has been found. Tomato grafting on resistant rootstocks is a very efficient solution for soil parasites control. The selected tomato rootstocks for their resistance to the soil parasites could be also a source of resistance to the Broomrape. In this work, we screen different commercial tomato rootstock genotypes for their resistance to Phelipanche ramosa. In the greenhouse conditions, we show that rootstocks are different in the degree of susceptibility to Broomrape. Attachment number, emergence number, and fresh matter of parasitic broomrapes are affected by rootstock genotype. A significant impact of the parasitism onto the dry weight of all infected tomato rootstocks with variable degree is observed. Energy, Groundforce and Eldorado which have less of attachment number and emergence number successively appear interesting for our objective.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2020

In this research, the effect of foliar spraying, with macro and microelements on the productivity... more In this research, the effect of foliar spraying, with macro and microelements on the productivity of Sourani olive variety, was studied in Arab-Said village (which is 5 km west of Idleb), during the years 2012-2013. A randomized block design was used, and 4 treatments were performed, each of which contained 5 replicates, each replicate was one olive tree. During the experiment, foliar spraying was applied with a mix of macro and microelements, so that the treatments differed between them by the number of sprayings (0, 1, 2, and 3) and their dates (before flowering, one week after flowering, and two weeks after the second spraying). The results showed that all foliar spraying treatments outperformed the control, with a significant increase, in most of the indicators and parameters studied: the leaf surface (2.41 cm2), the number of flowering cluster/branch (13.32), the number of flowers/flowering clusters (8.88), the number of flowers/branch (359.2), the percentage of fruit-set (0.61%), the number of fruits/branch (24.41), the fruit weight (0.98 g), the fruit size (0.49 mL), and pulp/fruit ratio (3.43%). Where spraying once before flowering had the most significant increase compared to other spraying treatments. While the increase in the number of spraying times did not have any significant effect on the previous indicators, it led to a significant increase in the vegetative growth index (6.75cm), in the productivity/tree (39.42 kg), and in the percentage of oil (5.28%), compared to the control. Finally, the results showed that production varied greatly between the two years of the study (the phenomenon of alternatebearing), but that all experimental treatments reduced this difference comparing to the control.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with potassium on reducing the fruit cracking of pomegranate. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for potassium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed that all potassium spraying treatments exceeded the control in most of the studied characteristics. The increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 22.98% and 19.75% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively. The increase in the number of foliar spraying with potassium also reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as it reached 73.96%, 28.32%, 21.03%, and 17.57% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times, respectively. Similarly, the productivity was greatly increased by the effect of potassium foliar spraying.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

This research was carried out in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the dormancy of t... more This research was carried out in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the dormancy of the tubers of potato varieties Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. Potato tubers were stored at 4°C for two weeks. Tubers were exposed to temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C) during four periods (0, 1, 2, 3 weeks). The completely randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment, with three replicates for each treatment, and each replicate consisted of one kg of tubers.The results showed that all treatments were superior to the control in all the studied traits. Spunta variety outperformed the other studied varieties in the speed of dormancy breaking by 30 days, in the number of sprouts on the tuber by 2.50, in the number of sproutsper the sample by 12.99, in the number of apical sprouts by 11.28, in the average daily growth of 0.30 cm per day, in the total weight of the sprouts/tuber by 11.50 g, as well as in the total weight of the sprouts per sample by 57.50 g / kg.While the variety Synergy was superior in the number of basal sprouts by 2.30. On the other side, the highest temperature (25° C) was superior to the rest of the temperatures in all studied traits, also the longest storage period (3 weeks) outperformed the other periods of storage in all studied traits. In general, the interaction of the Spunta variety with the highest temperature (25°C) and the longest storage period (3 weeks) was superior to the overall studied traits.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of treatment with licorice solution on t... more This research was conducted in order to study the effect of treatment with licorice solution on the dormancy and sprouting of tubers of three potato varieties, Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. The research was carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in the Sahel al-Rouj region in northern Syria. Tubers were treated with licorice solution at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 g/l) and during four periods (0, 1, 2, 3 hours). The results showed that all treatments with licorice were superior to the control, the highest concentration (20 g/L) was superior to the other concentrations, and the longest soaking period (3 hours) was superior to the other soaking periods, in all the studied traits. Generally, soaking the tubers of the Panela variety with yeast solution at the concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours achieved the largest number of sprouts per tuber (2 sprouts), the major number of basal sprouts (1.38 sprouts), the highest weight of one sprout (7.50 g), the highest weight of sprouts per tuber (15 g). And the highest weight of sprouts per sample (60 g). While soaking of Spunta variety tubers with the licorice solution at 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the fastest break of the dormancy phase (26 days), and the highest daily growth rate (0.25 cm/day). Whereas soaking the tubers of Synergy variety with the yeast solution of concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the highest number of sprouts per sample (8.11 sprouts), and the highest number of apical sprouts (8.11 sprouts).

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate trees (French variety), with the aim of determining the effect of foliar spraying with calcium in reducing fruit cracking. We used for the experiment three treatments for calcium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times with calcium (0, 1, 2, and 3 times).The results showed that all the treatment of foliar spraying with calcium was superior to the control in most of the studied traits (early flowering and ripening time, increasing the percentage of fruit-set, improving the quality and the quantity of the production). Also, increasing the number of times spraying with calcium reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as the percentage of cracked fruits reached 73.96%, 26.49%, 19.81%, and 15.74% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times respectively. Moreover, the increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of cracked fruits, which amounted to 21.23% and 18.24% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively.

Journal of Morphology, 1974

Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg‐shap... more Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg‐shaped, but only the mature spore of T. fibrata was shown to possess a horseshoe‐like concavity at the posterior pole. Freezeetched preparations indicated that this concavity was due to a thin area of the spore coat. Freeze‐etching studies also show spores of N. apis do possess an umbrella‐shaped polaroplast, and a polar filament which is arranged in a double layer with over 30 coils. The spore of T. fibrata contains a pear‐shaped arrangement of the polaroplast membrane, and a polar filament arranged in a single layer of 22 coils.

Editions universitaires europeennes, Mar 25, 2011

Molecular Plant Pathology, 2011

Phelipanche ramosa L. parasitizes major crops, acting as a competitive sink for host photoassimil... more Phelipanche ramosa L. parasitizes major crops, acting as a competitive sink for host photoassimilates, especially sucrose. An understanding of the mechanisms of sucrose utilization in parasites is an important step in the development of new control methods. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the invertase gene family in P. ramosa and analysed its involvement in plant development. Invertase-encoded cDNAs were isolated using degenerate primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of invertases. In addition to enzyme assays, gene expression was analysed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during overall plant development. The dominant isoform was purified and sequenced using electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS). Five invertase-encoded cDNAs were thus characterized, including PrSai1 which encodes a soluble acid invertase (SAI). Of the five invertases, PrSai1 transcripts and SAI activity were dominant in growing organs. The most active invertase corresponded to the PrSai1 gene product. The purified PrSAI1 displayed low pI and optimal pH values, specificity for β-fructofuranosides and inhibition by metallic ions and competitive inhibition by fructose. PrSAI1 is a typical vacuolar SAI that is actively involved in growth following both germination and attachment to host roots. In addition, germinated seeds displayed enhanced cell wall invertase activity (PrCWI) in comparison with preconditioned seeds, suggesting the contribution of this activity in the sink strength of infected roots during the subsequent step of root penetration. Our results show that PrSAI1 and, possibly, PrCWI constitute good targets for the development of new transgenic resistance in host plants using proteinaceous inhibitors or silencing strategies.

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with potassium on reducing the fruit cracking of pomegranate. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for potassium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed that all potassium spraying treatments exceeded the control in most of the studied characteristics. The increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 22.98% and 19.75% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively. The increase in the number of foliar spraying with potassium also reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as it reached 73.96%, 28.32%, 21.03%, and 17.57% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times, respectively. Similarly, the productivity was greatly increased by the effect of potassium foliar spraying.

Durinta and Petula broomrape-susceptible tomato varieties were grafted onto broomrape-tolerant ro... more Durinta and Petula broomrape-susceptible tomato varieties were grafted onto broomrape-tolerant rootstock (Eldorado) and broomrape-susceptible rootstocks (Maxifort and Integro) and grown under conditions of infestation by branched broomrape in greenhouses of Laboratory of Vegetable Biology and Pathology. Four months after the culture, vegetative and productive parameters were measured on each cultivated tomato plant. Thus, for tomato plants, the total number of leaves, floral bouquets, fruit bunches and fruits were determined. Moreover, the fresh and dry weight of the fruits and the vegetative parts were measured. For branched broomrape plants, the total number of attachments and emergences and the total fresh and dry weight per tomato plant were defined. The results show that the sensitivity of grafted plant to branched broomrape is conditioned by that of the rootstock. In addition, the grafting induced a deceleration of the development of the fixed broomrapes. Moreover, the Eldorad...

This research was carried out in fig fields in the village of KafarJales, in the north of Syria. ... more This research was carried out in fig fields in the village of KafarJales, in the north of Syria. The analyses were conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture at Idlib University during the 2022 farming season, to evaluate the viability and germination of three local varieties of Caprifig (Bunduqi, Azraq, Panjani). The morphological characteristics, the date of the exodus of insects (Blastophaga psenes) from male fruits, the quantity of pollen, and the percentage of germination and viability were studied on four nutritive media at a temperature of 27°C. The measurements were taken after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. These three pollinators were used to pollinate three varieties of edible figs (white Satehi, Safrawi, and Habashi) to study the effect of pollen source on the productive characteristics of edible fig fruits. The result showed significant superiority of the Bunduqi cultivar over the rest of the cultivars in traits of the fruit's early ripening, pollen quantity, and date of departure of insects. The Azraq cultivar is found to be superior to Bunduqi and Panjani culti vars in the germination rate of pollen at all stages of the experiment and in all used media. The addition of stigma flower extract in culture media increased germination percentage by 35% for all studied Caprifig cultivars. The addition of 10% sucrose in the cultivation environment increased the percentage of pollen germination by 20%. The cultivars that were inoculated with the Panjani polli nator outperformed the characteristics of the length, diameter, and weight, demonstrating that the fruit's quality characteristics are affected by the geno type of the pollinator used. The results of this research can be beneficial for both fig growers and plant breeders, as they help to select the best pollinators and contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of the cul tivated fig fruits.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

Fruit cracking is one of the most important obstacles facing pomegranate cultivation, which infli... more Fruit cracking is one of the most important obstacles facing pomegranate cultivation, which inflicts great damage on the crop, sometimes reaching more than 70%. The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate trees (French variety) in order to study the effect of foliar spraying with zinc in reducing fruit cracking. The experiment was conducted according to a complete randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for zinc concentrations (0, 500, 1000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed the superiority of all treatments of spraying with zinc over the control treatment in most of the studied traits. Also, increasing the number of spraying times with zinc reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as the percentage of cracked fruits reached 73.96%, 21.48%, 15.91%, and 12.72% in the treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times respectively. Similarly, the increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 17.10% and 14.43% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively.

For protect biodiversity and preserve local genetic types, the research was carried out to evalua... more For protect biodiversity and preserve local genetic types, the research was carried out to evaluate some morphological traits of several locally types from Capsicum annuum Plant (Qarn-Aljamous, Qarn-Alghazal, Haskuria, Long-Mutabasha, Short-Mutabasha, Safrania, and Harimia) of Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria for the agricultural season 2022. The morphological characterization was carried out by applying 20 qualitative characterizations that included the characteristics of plants, flowers, fruits and seeds. The distinctive qualitative morphological characteristics were the nature of the flower growth, the shape of the fruit, the appearance or absence of the base of the fruit, and the wavy cross-section of the fruit. Morphological characterization results of the studied types, based on some morphological characteristics, showed that there is a difference between these types, especially in the character of the nature of flower growth and fruit traits. The results of the cluster analysis also showed that the studied models were distributed into two groups: the first included (Long-Mutabasha, Short-Mutabasha, Safrania, and Qarn-Aljamous) and the second included (Qarn-Alghazal, Haskuria, and Harmia

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The dormancy of potato tubers after harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the yi... more The dormancy of potato tubers after harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the yield of the subsequent potato crop. The genetic factor is one of the most important factors affecting the sprouting and the length of the dormant period. Therefore, we conducted this research with the aim of studying the behavior of the tubers of some potato varieties cultivated in northern Syria towards the dormancy and the sprouting. The research was carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in the Al-Rouj Plain, which is considered one of the most important potato production areas in northern Syria. The test was carried out on three varieties: Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. The tubers were treated with gibberellic acid at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 ppm) during four soaking periods (0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes). The design was used completely randomly in the experiment with three replicates per treatment and each replicate was one kg tubers. The results showed the superiority of all treatments on the control and in all the studied characteristics. Spunta exceeded the other studied varieties in sprouting speed by 24.75 days, and the number of sprouts on the sample by 8.78. While the variety Panela outperformed the average weight of one sprout by 6.85 g. In addition, the highest concentration (20 ppm) exceeded the other concentrations in all the studied traits. The longer soaking period (30 minutes) outperformed the other soaking periods in all the studied traits. In general, the interaction of Spunta with gibberellin was superior to the higher concentration and the longer soaking period in the overall studied traits.

Editions universitaires europeennes eBooks, Mar 25, 2011

Research in plant sciences, Aug 26, 2017

Gravely infestation of tomato fields by Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) is growing in the Mediterr... more Gravely infestation of tomato fields by Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa) is growing in the Mediterranean basin. Completely devoid of chlorophyll, the root-parasite is entirely dependent on the host-derives and successively competes with the sink organs of infected plants. No efficient and economic control means has been found. Tomato grafting on resistant rootstocks is a very efficient solution for soil parasites control. The selected tomato rootstocks for their resistance to the soil parasites could be also a source of resistance to the Broomrape. In this work, we screen different commercial tomato rootstock genotypes for their resistance to Phelipanche ramosa. In the greenhouse conditions, we show that rootstocks are different in the degree of susceptibility to Broomrape. Attachment number, emergence number, and fresh matter of parasitic broomrapes are affected by rootstock genotype. A significant impact of the parasitism onto the dry weight of all infected tomato rootstocks with variable degree is observed. Energy, Groundforce and Eldorado which have less of attachment number and emergence number successively appear interesting for our objective.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2020

In this research, the effect of foliar spraying, with macro and microelements on the productivity... more In this research, the effect of foliar spraying, with macro and microelements on the productivity of Sourani olive variety, was studied in Arab-Said village (which is 5 km west of Idleb), during the years 2012-2013. A randomized block design was used, and 4 treatments were performed, each of which contained 5 replicates, each replicate was one olive tree. During the experiment, foliar spraying was applied with a mix of macro and microelements, so that the treatments differed between them by the number of sprayings (0, 1, 2, and 3) and their dates (before flowering, one week after flowering, and two weeks after the second spraying). The results showed that all foliar spraying treatments outperformed the control, with a significant increase, in most of the indicators and parameters studied: the leaf surface (2.41 cm2), the number of flowering cluster/branch (13.32), the number of flowers/flowering clusters (8.88), the number of flowers/branch (359.2), the percentage of fruit-set (0.61%), the number of fruits/branch (24.41), the fruit weight (0.98 g), the fruit size (0.49 mL), and pulp/fruit ratio (3.43%). Where spraying once before flowering had the most significant increase compared to other spraying treatments. While the increase in the number of spraying times did not have any significant effect on the previous indicators, it led to a significant increase in the vegetative growth index (6.75cm), in the productivity/tree (39.42 kg), and in the percentage of oil (5.28%), compared to the control. Finally, the results showed that production varied greatly between the two years of the study (the phenomenon of alternatebearing), but that all experimental treatments reduced this difference comparing to the control.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with potassium on reducing the fruit cracking of pomegranate. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for potassium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed that all potassium spraying treatments exceeded the control in most of the studied characteristics. The increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 22.98% and 19.75% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively. The increase in the number of foliar spraying with potassium also reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as it reached 73.96%, 28.32%, 21.03%, and 17.57% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times, respectively. Similarly, the productivity was greatly increased by the effect of potassium foliar spraying.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

This research was carried out in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the dormancy of t... more This research was carried out in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the dormancy of the tubers of potato varieties Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. Potato tubers were stored at 4°C for two weeks. Tubers were exposed to temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C) during four periods (0, 1, 2, 3 weeks). The completely randomized design (CRD) was used in the experiment, with three replicates for each treatment, and each replicate consisted of one kg of tubers.The results showed that all treatments were superior to the control in all the studied traits. Spunta variety outperformed the other studied varieties in the speed of dormancy breaking by 30 days, in the number of sprouts on the tuber by 2.50, in the number of sproutsper the sample by 12.99, in the number of apical sprouts by 11.28, in the average daily growth of 0.30 cm per day, in the total weight of the sprouts/tuber by 11.50 g, as well as in the total weight of the sprouts per sample by 57.50 g / kg.While the variety Synergy was superior in the number of basal sprouts by 2.30. On the other side, the highest temperature (25° C) was superior to the rest of the temperatures in all studied traits, also the longest storage period (3 weeks) outperformed the other periods of storage in all studied traits. In general, the interaction of the Spunta variety with the highest temperature (25°C) and the longest storage period (3 weeks) was superior to the overall studied traits.

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of treatment with licorice solution on t... more This research was conducted in order to study the effect of treatment with licorice solution on the dormancy and sprouting of tubers of three potato varieties, Spunta, Synergy, and Panela. The research was carried out in the 2019 agricultural season in the Sahel al-Rouj region in northern Syria. Tubers were treated with licorice solution at four concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 g/l) and during four periods (0, 1, 2, 3 hours). The results showed that all treatments with licorice were superior to the control, the highest concentration (20 g/L) was superior to the other concentrations, and the longest soaking period (3 hours) was superior to the other soaking periods, in all the studied traits. Generally, soaking the tubers of the Panela variety with yeast solution at the concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours achieved the largest number of sprouts per tuber (2 sprouts), the major number of basal sprouts (1.38 sprouts), the highest weight of one sprout (7.50 g), the highest weight of sprouts per tuber (15 g). And the highest weight of sprouts per sample (60 g). While soaking of Spunta variety tubers with the licorice solution at 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the fastest break of the dormancy phase (26 days), and the highest daily growth rate (0.25 cm/day). Whereas soaking the tubers of Synergy variety with the yeast solution of concentration of 20 g/L and the period of 3 hours gave the highest number of sprouts per sample (8.11 sprouts), and the highest number of apical sprouts (8.11 sprouts).

International research journal of innovations in engineering and technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season in a field planted with pomegranate trees (French variety), with the aim of determining the effect of foliar spraying with calcium in reducing fruit cracking. We used for the experiment three treatments for calcium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times with calcium (0, 1, 2, and 3 times).The results showed that all the treatment of foliar spraying with calcium was superior to the control in most of the studied traits (early flowering and ripening time, increasing the percentage of fruit-set, improving the quality and the quantity of the production). Also, increasing the number of times spraying with calcium reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as the percentage of cracked fruits reached 73.96%, 26.49%, 19.81%, and 15.74% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times respectively. Moreover, the increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of cracked fruits, which amounted to 21.23% and 18.24% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively.

Journal of Morphology, 1974

Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg‐shap... more Scanning electron microscopy revealed spores of Nosema apis and Thelohania fibrata to be egg‐shaped, but only the mature spore of T. fibrata was shown to possess a horseshoe‐like concavity at the posterior pole. Freezeetched preparations indicated that this concavity was due to a thin area of the spore coat. Freeze‐etching studies also show spores of N. apis do possess an umbrella‐shaped polaroplast, and a polar filament which is arranged in a double layer with over 30 coils. The spore of T. fibrata contains a pear‐shaped arrangement of the polaroplast membrane, and a polar filament arranged in a single layer of 22 coils.

Editions universitaires europeennes, Mar 25, 2011

Molecular Plant Pathology, 2011

Phelipanche ramosa L. parasitizes major crops, acting as a competitive sink for host photoassimil... more Phelipanche ramosa L. parasitizes major crops, acting as a competitive sink for host photoassimilates, especially sucrose. An understanding of the mechanisms of sucrose utilization in parasites is an important step in the development of new control methods. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the invertase gene family in P. ramosa and analysed its involvement in plant development. Invertase-encoded cDNAs were isolated using degenerate primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of invertases. In addition to enzyme assays, gene expression was analysed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during overall plant development. The dominant isoform was purified and sequenced using electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS). Five invertase-encoded cDNAs were thus characterized, including PrSai1 which encodes a soluble acid invertase (SAI). Of the five invertases, PrSai1 transcripts and SAI activity were dominant in growing organs. The most active invertase corresponded to the PrSai1 gene product. The purified PrSAI1 displayed low pI and optimal pH values, specificity for β-fructofuranosides and inhibition by metallic ions and competitive inhibition by fructose. PrSAI1 is a typical vacuolar SAI that is actively involved in growth following both germination and attachment to host roots. In addition, germinated seeds displayed enhanced cell wall invertase activity (PrCWI) in comparison with preconditioned seeds, suggesting the contribution of this activity in the sink strength of infected roots during the subsequent step of root penetration. Our results show that PrSAI1 and, possibly, PrCWI constitute good targets for the development of new transgenic resistance in host plants using proteinaceous inhibitors or silencing strategies.

International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 2021

The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect ... more The research was carried out in the 2018 agricultural season with the aim of studying the effect of foliar spraying with potassium on reducing the fruit cracking of pomegranate. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized design (CRD). We had three treatments for potassium concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 ppm) and four treatments for the number of spraying times (0, 1, 2, and 3 times). The results showed that all potassium spraying treatments exceeded the control in most of the studied characteristics. The increase in the spraying concentration achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of fruit cracking, which amounted to 22.98% and 19.75% in the treatments of concentrations A and B, respectively. The increase in the number of foliar spraying with potassium also reduced the percentage of fruit cracking, as it reached 73.96%, 28.32%, 21.03%, and 17.57% in treatments of 0, 1, 2, and 3 spraying times, respectively. Similarly, the productivity was greatly increased by the effect of potassium foliar spraying.

Durinta and Petula broomrape-susceptible tomato varieties were grafted onto broomrape-tolerant ro... more Durinta and Petula broomrape-susceptible tomato varieties were grafted onto broomrape-tolerant rootstock (Eldorado) and broomrape-susceptible rootstocks (Maxifort and Integro) and grown under conditions of infestation by branched broomrape in greenhouses of Laboratory of Vegetable Biology and Pathology. Four months after the culture, vegetative and productive parameters were measured on each cultivated tomato plant. Thus, for tomato plants, the total number of leaves, floral bouquets, fruit bunches and fruits were determined. Moreover, the fresh and dry weight of the fruits and the vegetative parts were measured. For branched broomrape plants, the total number of attachments and emergences and the total fresh and dry weight per tomato plant were defined. The results show that the sensitivity of grafted plant to branched broomrape is conditioned by that of the rootstock. In addition, the grafting induced a deceleration of the development of the fixed broomrapes. Moreover, the Eldorad...