Rida Masood - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Drafts by Rida Masood

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, 2021

The oral fast-dissolving film is an advanced, patient compliant and novel delivery system. The ac... more The oral fast-dissolving film is an advanced, patient compliant and novel delivery system. The acceptance of this ingenious dosage form is increasing day by day due to its several comparative advantages of being cost-benefit, rapid dissolving without water aid, as well as greatly compliant to both geriatric and pediatric patients in emergency conditions and specific diseases. Moreover, it is a worthwhile dosage form for the drug experiencing pre-systemic metabolism and lesser bioavailability. This review article covers history, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, ideal properties, classification, formulation consideration, method of manufacturing, quality parameters both in-vitro and in-vivo, advancement in technology, commercial trends and literature review of the previous work for oral fast dissolving films. It can be concluded that it one of the fastest-growing dosage forms holding a lot of potentials especially for commercial use due to its unique characteristics, novel attributes, competitive standing, and cost-adequacy.

Papers by Rida Masood

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Among resistant nosocomial and community pathogens, MRSA has become the most serious pathogen, ca... more Among resistant nosocomial and community pathogens, MRSA has become the most serious pathogen, causing life threatening infections worldwide. In S.aureus, quick and exact recognition of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistance has become essential. The benchmark for MRSA identification among S.aureus is the detection of the mecA gene that causes the expression of protein (PBP2a) culpable for classic β-lactam resistance. However, the utter reliance on amplification of mecA gene as a hallmark in confirmation of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant S. aureus is the matter of distrust by some investigators. The current investigation designed to analyse the prevalence of mecA gene among phenotypically positive MRSA isolates using molecular method and to correlate its prevalence to conventional techniques. Furthermore, antimicrobial sensitivity of mecA positive staphylococci was determined by Kirby Baeuer method. For this purpose, 201 clinical staphylococcal specimens were recovered from various d...

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

This assessment aims to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistan... more This assessment aims to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to the frequently prescribed antibiotics in Karachi. Isolates of MRSA, recovered from various clinical samples were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study from Jan 2015 to June 2017. Agar diffusion method was employed according to the protocols of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Out of total 346 S. aureus strains, the frequency rate of MRSA was 52% (n = 180). MRSA infection was found higher among the age group 21-30 years i.e. 30% (n=54), followed by 20% (n=36) in 31-40 years. Frequency of MRSA percentage in male and female was and 70% and 30% respectively. MRSA was more frequently observed in blood 20% (n=36). MRSA showed high resistance (100%) to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin while 25% Vancomycin resistant S. aureus...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the 10 most common worldwide causes of mortality. In Pakistan, estimat... more Tuberculosis (TB) is among the 10 most common worldwide causes of mortality. In Pakistan, estimated 510,000 tuberculosis patients had been diagnosed with an occurrence of 276/100,000. As per most recent global TB report 2018, Pakistan is amongst the 30 countries high TB with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis particularly MDR (multi-drug resistant strains). A retrospective study had been designed using DR-TB patients' records from January 2013 to the December 2017 year from a public sector hospital in Karachi. Overall 315 drug-resistant tuberculosis patient's data had been incorporated in the study. All data had been analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Chi-square test had been used to analyze the data with CI (confidence interval) 95% and level of significance 5%. The study result showed that 64.1% MDR patients, 27.9% MTB rifampicin resistance, 4.8% mono-drug resistant , XDR(1.6%), 1% poly-drug resistant and only 0.6% are MDR suspects showing no association of DR...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2020

The current study focused on the development, optimization and pharmaceutical evaluation of a mou... more The current study focused on the development, optimization and pharmaceutical evaluation of a mouth dissolving film of Escitalopram 5mg. The designing and optimization of the formulations have been carried out through Design-Expert ⌖ Ver. 9, using central composite response surface methodology. The software generated six optimized formulations have been fabricated via solvent casting method incorporated with HPMC and PEG 400 as Plasticizer. The developed formulations were assessed for various quality attributes including weight variation, drug-excipients interaction, dryness/ tack test, thickness, percent elongation, swelling index, disintegration, folding endurance, surface pH, content uniformity, assay, moisture uptake, stability, and organoleptic properties. A validated spectrophotometric method has been used to ascertain drug content. The formulations were subjected for stability studies for six months in accordance with ICH accelerated stability studies guidelines. No stability...

This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculo... more This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment outcomes, government cost of medicines as well as the economic impact on society. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in a government hospital using a patient’s record from 2013 to 2017, treated under the Direct Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) program in Karachi, Pakistan. Altogether, 3872 drug-susceptible TB patients were included in the study. All data had been analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. It had been found from the data that each year number of new smear-positive TB patients remained same, that is, 85% in 2013, 90% in 2014, 89.5% in 2015, 91% in 2016 and 92.3% in 2017 while slight decrease in relapse cases, that is, 15, 10, 10.4, 9 and 7.6% in 2013 to 2017, respectively. The single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there is no significant difference between the gender of TB patient throughout the duration with...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

Availability of economical quality medicines is always required for chronic disease management. P... more Availability of economical quality medicines is always required for chronic disease management. Price differences among multiple brands of a product do not essentially displays low quality for the more affordable brand, however in a few occurrences it appears. Glimepiride, an oral anti-diabetic drug, is produced by several national and multinational industries in Pakistan with considerable cost variation. The study aimed to evaluate the quality and economy of various Glimepiride brands available in Karachi, specifically of public sector hospitals. For this, eight glimepiride brands were collected and analyzed for the pharmaceutical quality using physical parameters, disintegration test, dissolution profile, spectrophotometric assay and content uniformity. Pharmacoeconomic assessment was also carried out such as availability, affordability and price variation. A profound discrepancy was observed among the prices of selected brands. All of the products found to be equivalent to the re...

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of sol... more Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of solid dosage form on the basis of color and swallowing difficulty in the studies conducted by a different researcher. The aim of the study is to insight the perception of the general population of Karachi about the color, scoring and splitting of tablets. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. Knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants regarding oral solid dosage form have been evaluated through a structured close-ended questionnaire. The color perception was pursued by asking questions to the participants about the association of color with effectiveness, identification, safety and onset of action. The scoring perception was also inquired focusing on the association of scoring on the convenience of splitting, their effect on the dose, type of tablet subjected to splitting and further consequences of splitting. Among 426 respondents, 248 participants were not aware of the type of medicine subjected to be splitting. Approximately half of the respondents (N=221) agreed with the point of view that ease of swallowing is one of the reasons for pill-splitting. The study provided preliminary data about color perception, scoring and splitting of tablet dosage form that can be beneficial for future research.

Infection Prevention in Practice

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are an essential practice to prevent increasing resistan... more Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are an essential practice to prevent increasing resistance against antibiotics. A successful ASP monitors not only prescribing patterns and practices but also contributes in minimizing the toxic effects of antibiotics. Moreover, ASP also facilitates the selection of disease specific antibiotics and enforces rules and regulations to rationalize the use of antibiotics. The aim of the study is to highlight the core elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Karachi. The key elements proposed by center of disease control (CDC) such as; leadership, accountability, drug expertise, actions to support optimal antibiotic use, tracking (monitoring antibiotic prescribing, use and resistance), reporting information to staff on improving antibiotic use and resistance and education were evaluated on Yes/No scale. The data was collected from 44 hospitals of different categories in Karachi and all the major elements were studied. It was observed that all the hospitals in one setting failed to comply with all the guidelines. It has been concluded that efforts should be made to design ASP at each hospital and implemented through suitable policies and procedures.

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, 2021

The oral fast-dissolving film is an advanced, patient compliant and novel delivery system. The ac... more The oral fast-dissolving film is an advanced, patient compliant and novel delivery system. The acceptance of this ingenious dosage form is increasing day by day due to its several comparative advantages of being cost-benefit, rapid dissolving without water aid, as well as greatly compliant to both geriatric and pediatric patients in emergency conditions and specific diseases. Moreover, it is a worthwhile dosage form for the drug experiencing pre-systemic metabolism and lesser bioavailability. This review article covers history, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, ideal properties, classification, formulation consideration, method of manufacturing, quality parameters both in-vitro and in-vivo, advancement in technology, commercial trends and literature review of the previous work for oral fast dissolving films. It can be concluded that it one of the fastest-growing dosage forms holding a lot of potentials especially for commercial use due to its unique characteristics, novel attributes, competitive standing, and cost-adequacy.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018

Among resistant nosocomial and community pathogens, MRSA has become the most serious pathogen, ca... more Among resistant nosocomial and community pathogens, MRSA has become the most serious pathogen, causing life threatening infections worldwide. In S.aureus, quick and exact recognition of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistance has become essential. The benchmark for MRSA identification among S.aureus is the detection of the mecA gene that causes the expression of protein (PBP2a) culpable for classic β-lactam resistance. However, the utter reliance on amplification of mecA gene as a hallmark in confirmation of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant S. aureus is the matter of distrust by some investigators. The current investigation designed to analyse the prevalence of mecA gene among phenotypically positive MRSA isolates using molecular method and to correlate its prevalence to conventional techniques. Furthermore, antimicrobial sensitivity of mecA positive staphylococci was determined by Kirby Baeuer method. For this purpose, 201 clinical staphylococcal specimens were recovered from various d...

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

This assessment aims to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistan... more This assessment aims to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to the frequently prescribed antibiotics in Karachi. Isolates of MRSA, recovered from various clinical samples were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study from Jan 2015 to June 2017. Agar diffusion method was employed according to the protocols of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Out of total 346 S. aureus strains, the frequency rate of MRSA was 52% (n = 180). MRSA infection was found higher among the age group 21-30 years i.e. 30% (n=54), followed by 20% (n=36) in 31-40 years. Frequency of MRSA percentage in male and female was and 70% and 30% respectively. MRSA was more frequently observed in blood 20% (n=36). MRSA showed high resistance (100%) to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin while 25% Vancomycin resistant S. aureus...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the 10 most common worldwide causes of mortality. In Pakistan, estimat... more Tuberculosis (TB) is among the 10 most common worldwide causes of mortality. In Pakistan, estimated 510,000 tuberculosis patients had been diagnosed with an occurrence of 276/100,000. As per most recent global TB report 2018, Pakistan is amongst the 30 countries high TB with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis particularly MDR (multi-drug resistant strains). A retrospective study had been designed using DR-TB patients' records from January 2013 to the December 2017 year from a public sector hospital in Karachi. Overall 315 drug-resistant tuberculosis patient's data had been incorporated in the study. All data had been analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Chi-square test had been used to analyze the data with CI (confidence interval) 95% and level of significance 5%. The study result showed that 64.1% MDR patients, 27.9% MTB rifampicin resistance, 4.8% mono-drug resistant , XDR(1.6%), 1% poly-drug resistant and only 0.6% are MDR suspects showing no association of DR...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2020

The current study focused on the development, optimization and pharmaceutical evaluation of a mou... more The current study focused on the development, optimization and pharmaceutical evaluation of a mouth dissolving film of Escitalopram 5mg. The designing and optimization of the formulations have been carried out through Design-Expert ⌖ Ver. 9, using central composite response surface methodology. The software generated six optimized formulations have been fabricated via solvent casting method incorporated with HPMC and PEG 400 as Plasticizer. The developed formulations were assessed for various quality attributes including weight variation, drug-excipients interaction, dryness/ tack test, thickness, percent elongation, swelling index, disintegration, folding endurance, surface pH, content uniformity, assay, moisture uptake, stability, and organoleptic properties. A validated spectrophotometric method has been used to ascertain drug content. The formulations were subjected for stability studies for six months in accordance with ICH accelerated stability studies guidelines. No stability...

This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculo... more This assessment aims to identify the increasing number of morbidity of drug susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment outcomes, government cost of medicines as well as the economic impact on society. A retrospective observational study had been conducted in a government hospital using a patient’s record from 2013 to 2017, treated under the Direct Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) program in Karachi, Pakistan. Altogether, 3872 drug-susceptible TB patients were included in the study. All data had been analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. It had been found from the data that each year number of new smear-positive TB patients remained same, that is, 85% in 2013, 90% in 2014, 89.5% in 2015, 91% in 2016 and 92.3% in 2017 while slight decrease in relapse cases, that is, 15, 10, 10.4, 9 and 7.6% in 2013 to 2017, respectively. The single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there is no significant difference between the gender of TB patient throughout the duration with...

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2019

Availability of economical quality medicines is always required for chronic disease management. P... more Availability of economical quality medicines is always required for chronic disease management. Price differences among multiple brands of a product do not essentially displays low quality for the more affordable brand, however in a few occurrences it appears. Glimepiride, an oral anti-diabetic drug, is produced by several national and multinational industries in Pakistan with considerable cost variation. The study aimed to evaluate the quality and economy of various Glimepiride brands available in Karachi, specifically of public sector hospitals. For this, eight glimepiride brands were collected and analyzed for the pharmaceutical quality using physical parameters, disintegration test, dissolution profile, spectrophotometric assay and content uniformity. Pharmacoeconomic assessment was also carried out such as availability, affordability and price variation. A profound discrepancy was observed among the prices of selected brands. All of the products found to be equivalent to the re...

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of sol... more Beyond the pharmacological activity, the differences have been observed in the preferences of solid dosage form on the basis of color and swallowing difficulty in the studies conducted by a different researcher. The aim of the study is to insight the perception of the general population of Karachi about the color, scoring and splitting of tablets. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data. Knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants regarding oral solid dosage form have been evaluated through a structured close-ended questionnaire. The color perception was pursued by asking questions to the participants about the association of color with effectiveness, identification, safety and onset of action. The scoring perception was also inquired focusing on the association of scoring on the convenience of splitting, their effect on the dose, type of tablet subjected to splitting and further consequences of splitting. Among 426 respondents, 248 participants were not aware of the type of medicine subjected to be splitting. Approximately half of the respondents (N=221) agreed with the point of view that ease of swallowing is one of the reasons for pill-splitting. The study provided preliminary data about color perception, scoring and splitting of tablet dosage form that can be beneficial for future research.

Infection Prevention in Practice

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are an essential practice to prevent increasing resistan... more Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) are an essential practice to prevent increasing resistance against antibiotics. A successful ASP monitors not only prescribing patterns and practices but also contributes in minimizing the toxic effects of antibiotics. Moreover, ASP also facilitates the selection of disease specific antibiotics and enforces rules and regulations to rationalize the use of antibiotics. The aim of the study is to highlight the core elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Karachi. The key elements proposed by center of disease control (CDC) such as; leadership, accountability, drug expertise, actions to support optimal antibiotic use, tracking (monitoring antibiotic prescribing, use and resistance), reporting information to staff on improving antibiotic use and resistance and education were evaluated on Yes/No scale. The data was collected from 44 hospitals of different categories in Karachi and all the major elements were studied. It was observed that all the hospitals in one setting failed to comply with all the guidelines. It has been concluded that efforts should be made to design ASP at each hospital and implemented through suitable policies and procedures.