Risa Ariani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Risa Ariani

BMC Public Health, 2021

Background The outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015 followed the arrival of chikungunya in 20... more Background The outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015 followed the arrival of chikungunya in 2014 and a long history of dengue circulation. Vital to the response to these outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens has been the dissemination of public health messages, including those promoted through risk communication posters. This study explores the content of a sample of posters circulated in Brazil towards the end of the Zika epidemic in 2017 and analyses their potential effectiveness in inducing behaviour change. Methods A content analysis was performed on 37 posters produced in Brazil to address outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens. The six variables of the Health Belief Model were used to assess the potential effectiveness of the posters to induce behaviour change. Results Three overarching key messages emerged from the posters. These included (i) the arboviruses and their outcomes, (ii) a battle against the mosquito, and (iii) a responsibility to protect and prevent. Among the ...

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020

Mosquito-borne diseases are an increasing global health challenge, threatening over 40% of the wo... more Mosquito-borne diseases are an increasing global health challenge, threatening over 40% of the world's population. Despite major advances in malaria control since 2000, recent progress has stalled. Additionally, the risk of Aedes -borne arboviruses is rapidly growing, with the unprecedented spread of dengue and chikungunya viruses, outbreaks of yellow fever and the 2015 epidemic of Zika virus in Latin America. To counteract this growing problem, diverse and innovative mosquito control technologies are currently under development. Conceptually, these span an impressive spectrum of approaches, from invasive transgene cassettes with the potential to crash mosquito populations or reduce the vectorial capacity of a population, to low-cost alterations in housing design that restrict mosquito entry. This themed issue will present articles providing insight into the breadth of mosquito control research, while demonstrating the requirement for an interdisciplinary approach. The issue wil...

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2020

Background Arboviruses transmitted by day-biting Aedes mosquitoes are a major public health conce... more Background Arboviruses transmitted by day-biting Aedes mosquitoes are a major public health concern. With the challenges inherent in arbovirus vaccine and therapeutics development, vector control and bite prevention strategies are among the limited options available for immediate intervention. Bite prevention through personal protective technologies (PPT), such as topical mosquito repellents or repellent-impregnated clothing, may help to decrease biting rates and, therefore, the risk of disease in groups most susceptible to adverse outcomes from Zika virus. However, achieving high uptake and compliance with PPT can be challenging. Methodology/Principal findings To gain an insight into the knowledge and concerns of pregnant women surrounding Zika and their opinions regarding PPT, particularly repellent clothing, a focus group study was carried out with pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and semi-structured interviews with their male partners in two cities in Colombia. The discussions revealed shortfalls in basic knowledge of Zika virus, with several pregnant participants reporting being unaware of the potential for Zika-related congenital malformations. Although participants generally considered Zika to be a significant personal threat, most rated it as less of a concern than dengue or diarrheal diseases. Overall, repellent clothing and other forms of PPT were viewed as effective, although some participants expressed concerns over the high costs of repellents, and safety fears of regular contact with repellent chemicals, which they perceived as potentially harmful. Plant-derived repellents were considered to be safer than synthetic

Scientific Reports, 2019

Mosquito surveillance is a fundamental component of planning and evaluating vector control progra... more Mosquito surveillance is a fundamental component of planning and evaluating vector control programmes. However, logistical and cost barriers can hinder the implementation of surveillance, particularly in vector-borne disease-endemic areas and in outbreak scenarios in remote areas where the need is often most urgent. The increasing availability and reduced cost of 3D printing technology offers an innovative approach to overcoming these challenges. In this study, we assessed the field performance of a novel, lightweight 3D-printed mosquito light trap baited with carbon dioxide (CO 2) in comparison with two gold-standard traps, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap baited with CO 2 , and the BG Sentinel 2 trap with BG-Lure and CO 2. Traps were run for 12 nights in a Latin square design at Rainham Marshes, Essex, UK in September 2018. The 3D-printed trap showed equivalent catch rates to the two commercially available traps. The 3D-printed trap designs are distributed free of charge in this article with the aim of assisting entomological field studies across the world. Mosquito surveillance is fundamental to the monitoring of vector-borne disease risk and the planning and evaluation of vector-control strategies. A wide variety of different sampling methods are used 1 , among which the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap, a battery-operated portable light trap, is extensively used for the collection of a wide range of mosquito species. Key species include members of the genus Anopheles and, accordingly, many organizations use these traps as a core part of their vector surveillance programs 2-4. The BG-Sentinel trap (Biogents, Germany) with accompanying attractant lure (BG-lure) is also frequently used to sample a wide range of mosquito species during both the day and night, notably Aedes and Culex species 5. Together with others, these traps provide effective and rapidly deployable mosquito trapping capabilities. However, for some organisations and governments, the trap and shipping costs can be prohibitive for large-scale deployment. In recent years, the availability of 3D printing technology or additive manufacturing, involving the creation of a physical object from digital modelling data, has dramatically increased 6-9. The 3D printer gradually stacks layers of the chosen material such as polylactic acid (PLA) filaments to build up the digitally modelled 3D objects. The biggest advantage of the 3D printer is that anybody in the world who has access to a 3D printer or 3D printing services can create uniform objects when 3D model data are provided. Although the design, creation and modification of the 3D object require a computer and specialist software, several user-friendly software programs suitable for beginners are available for free. These include, but are not limited to, Design Spark Mechanical

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2019

Global Health Action, 2017

The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands h... more The ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands has underlined the need for a coordinated research network across the whole region that can respond rapidly to address the current knowledge gaps in Zika and enhance research preparedness beyond Zika. The European Union under its Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme awarded three research consortia to respond to this need. Here we present the ZikaPLAN (Zika Preparedness Latin American Network) consortium. ZikaPLAN combines the strengths of 25 partners in Latin America, North America, Africa, Asia, and various centers in Europe. We will conduct clinical studies to estimate the risk and further define the full spectrum and risk factors of congenital Zika virus syndrome (including neurodevelopmental milestones in the first 3 years of life), delineate neurological complications associated with ZIKV due to direct neuroinvasion and immune-mediated responses in older children and adults, and strengthen surveillance for birth defects and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Laboratory-based research to unravel neurotropism and investigate the role of sexual transmission, determinants of severe disease, and viral fitness will underpin the clinical studies. Social messaging and engagement with affected communities, as well as development of wearable repellent technologies against Aedes mosquitoes will enhance the impact. Burden of disease studies, data-driven vector control, and vaccine modeling as well as risk assessments on geographic spread of ZIKV will form the foundation for evidence-informed policies. While addressing the research gaps around ZIKV, we will engage in capacity building in laboratory and clinical research, collaborate with existing and new networks to share knowledge, and work with international organizations to tackle regulatory and other bottlenecks and refine research priorities. In this way, we can leverage the ZIKV response toward building a long-term emerging infectious diseases response capacity in the region to address future challenges.

Scientific reports, Jan 24, 2017

Malaria parasites are thought to influence mosquito attraction to human hosts, a phenomenon that ... more Malaria parasites are thought to influence mosquito attraction to human hosts, a phenomenon that may enhance parasite transmission. This is likely mediated by alterations in host odour because of its importance in mosquito host-searching behaviour. Here, we report that the human skin odour profile is affected by malaria infection. We compared the chemical composition and attractiveness to Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes of skin odours from participants that were infected by Controlled Human Malaria Infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Skin odour composition differed between parasitologically negative and positive samples, with positive samples collected on average two days after parasites emerged from the liver into the blood, being associated with low densities of asexual parasites and the absence of gametocytes. We found a significant reduction in mosquito attraction to skin odour during infection for one experiment, but not in a second experiment, possibly due to differences in pa...

Parasites & Vectors, 2017

Background: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes bluetong... more Background: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes bluetongue (BT), a clinical disease observed primarily in sheep. BT has a detrimental effect on subsistence farmers in India, where hyperendemic outbreaks impact on smallholdings in the southern states of the country. In this study, we establish a reliable method for testing the toxic effects of deltamethrin on Culicoides and then compare deltamethrin with traditional control methods used by farmers in India. Results: Effects of deltamethrin were initially tested using a colonised strain of Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen and a modified World Health Organisation exposure assay. This method was then applied to field populations of Culicoides spp. in India. The field population of C. oxystoma in India had a greater LC 50 (0.012 ± 0.009%) for deltamethrin than laboratory-reared C.nubeculosus (0.0013 ± 0.0002%). Exposure of C. nubeculosus to deltamethrin at higher ambient temperatures resulted in greater rates of knockdown but a lower mortality rate at 24 h post-exposure. Behavioural assays with C. nubeculosus in WHO tubes provided evidence for contact irritancy and spatial repellence caused by deltamethrin. The field experiments in India, however, provided no evidence for repellent or toxic effects of deltamethrin. Traditional methods such as the application of neem oil and burning of neem leaves also provided no protection. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that field-collected Culicoides in India are less susceptible to deltamethrin exposure than laboratory-bred C. nubeculosus and traditional methods of insect control do not provide protection to sheep. These low levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin have not been recorded before in field populations of Culicoides and suggest resistance to synthetic pyrethrioids. Alternative insect control methods, in addition to vaccination, may be needed to protect Indian livestock from BTV transmission.

Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2015

Tick abundances and prevalences of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative ... more Tick abundances and prevalences of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme disease, were investigated in four South London parks. A total of 360 transects were sampled using three methods of collection (blanket, leggings and flags) simultaneously. No ticks were found on Wimbledon Common or at Hampton Court, but 1118 Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks were collected at Richmond and Bushy Parks. At Richmond Park, lower canopy humidity [odds ratio (OR) 0.94; P = 0.005], increased mat depth (OR 1.15; P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) and increased soil moisture (OR 1.40; P = 0.001) predicted the presence of I. ricinus, and increased sward height [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.01; P = 0.006] and decreased ground temperature (IRR 0.90; P = 0.009) predicted increased abundance. At Bushy Park, thicker mat depth predicted tick presence (OR 1.17; P = 0.006) and increasing temperature correlated with tick absence (OR 0.57; P = 0.023). A total of 279 ticks were screened for the presence of B. burgdorferi using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Point prevalences of 0% for larvae (n = 78), 2.14% for nymphs (n = 174) and 0% for adult ticks (n = 7) related to an acarological risk of 0.22 infected ticks per 40 m transect in Richmond Park. The abundance of ticks and the acarological risk, particularly at Richmond Park, highlight the need for appropriate communication of the associated risk to the general public frequenting these recreational areas.

Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, feeds on the blood of mammal and bird hosts, and is a pest... more The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, feeds on the blood of mammal and bird hosts, and is a pest of global importance. Semiochemicals are chemicals involved in animal communication that may affect behaviour and/or physiology. Attractive semiochemicals that play a role in mediating bed bug behaviour could be exploited for the development of a highly effective novel monitoring device. Tracking software was used to record the response of bed bugs to volatiles from paper previously exposed to conspecific bugs in a still-air olfactometer illuminated by infrared lights, through a variety of activity variables. The effect of time of day as an extrinsic factor, and sex, stage, mating status and nutritional status as physiological factors on the response of bed bugs to the volatiles was examined. Bed bugs of both sexes and all stages responded to the volatiles from bed bug-exposed papers, showing significant attraction and orientation towards the volatile source whether they were starved or engorged. Confirmation that the physiological factors examined do not affect the response of bed bugs to the volatiles from bed bugexposed papers provides evidence that these bed bug-derived volatiles contain aggregation cues, as semiochemicals that promote aggregation should by definition be detected by both sexes and all life stages. A device baited with such semiochemicals could play a major role in limiting the impact of the current bed bug resurgence by enabling timely detection of infestations, along with quantitative evaluation of control and effective surveillance of the geographical distribution of the pest species.

본 연구의 목적은 완벽주의와 직무열의 및 조직몰입의 관계에서 개인-직무부합의 매개효과와 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 적용한 조절된 매개효과를 확인하는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 대기... more 본 연구의 목적은 완벽주의와 직무열의 및 조직몰입의 관계에서 개인-직무부합의 매개효과와 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 적용한 조절된 매개효과를 확인하는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 대기업 및 중기업과 공공기관에 근무하는 사무직 직장인 306명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 주요한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인-직무부합은 자기지향 완벽주의와 직무열의 및 조직몰입 간 관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 조직지원인식의 수준에 따라 자기지향 완벽주의와 개인-직무부합의 관계가 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기지향 완벽주의가 개인-직무부합을 통해 직무열의 및 조직몰입에 미치는 간접적인영향을 조직지원인식이 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 자기지향 완벽주의 성향이 높은 조직구성원은 적극적으로 자신의 욕구와 직무의 요구를 일치시키려는 노력을 하는데, 이러한 노력은 조직이 자신에 대해 적극적인 지원을 제공한다는 인식이 높으면 개인-직무부합의 수준을 더욱 증가시키며, 이는 결국 직무에 대한 열의와 조직에 대한 몰입 정도를 높이게 된다는 점을 시사한다. 연구결과를 토대로 실제적 시사점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.