M. Riviere - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by M. Riviere

Clinical Therapeutics, 1996

Archives of Neurology, 1998

In an attempt to better understand and define the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A... more In an attempt to better understand and define the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we developed a classification of 5 discrete health states that reflect patients' activities of daily living. These health states were used to determine whether patients with ALS who are treated with riluzole differed from those treated with placebo. Clinics for patients with ALS. Placebo-controlled trial of riluzole treatment in 959 patients with ALS. Treatment with riluzole or placebo. MAIN DEPENDENT MEASURES: A Cox model was used to assess whether, from the initial randomization to the end of an 18-month follow-up, there was a difference in the times of transition into subsequent health states between patients treated with riluzole and those treated with placebo. Our analysis showed a significant difference in the time to transit between the riluzole and the placebo groups in less severely affected cases, ie, state 2 and state A (the milder states) of ALS. Patients receiving riluzole remained in the milder health states longer (P<.05).

PEDIATRICS, 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the direct medical costs and productivity losses associat... more The purpose of this study was to assess the direct medical costs and productivity losses associated with uncomplicated chickenpox (no hospitalization) in Canada. A total of 179 otherwise healthy 1- to 9-year-old children with active chickenpox were recruited from schools, day care centers, and physician offices in 5 provinces. Direct medical (physician contacts, medication, and diagnostic tests) and nonmedical (personal expenses including child care) resources expended during the illness were determined by caregiver interview. Productivity losses attributable to the disease were determined by assessing caregiver time lost from work and daily activities. Unit costs for all resources were obtained from sources in 2 provinces, and per-patient treatment costs were determined from the patient, Ministry of Health, and societal perspectives. From a societal perspective, the per-case cost for children from 1 to 4 years of age and from 5 to 9 years of age was 370.2and370.2 and 370.2and236.5, respectively. Direct medical costs accounted for 10% of the total costs in both groups. The largest cost driver in patient care was caregiver productivity losses, which amounted to 316.5intheyoungeragegroupandto316.5 in the younger age group and to 316.5intheyoungeragegroupandto182.7 in the older age group. Based on an estimated yearly incidence of 344 656 cases of uncomplicated chickenpox in Canada, the total annual societal burden of the disease can be estimated at 109.2million,withacosttotheMinistryofHealthof109.2 million, with a cost to the Ministry of Health of 109.2million,withacosttotheMinistryofHealthof11.2 million. Chickenpox is one of the last common childhood diseases prevalent in Canada, and the uncomplicated disease, despite its rather benign course, imparts a large annual economic burden.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-urem... more Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The rates of STEC infection and complications, including death, are highest among young children and elderly individuals. There are no causal therapies. Because Stx is the primary pathological agent leading to organ injury in patients with STEC disease, therapeutic antibodies are being developed to neutralize systemically absorbed toxin during the early phase of the infection. Two phase I, single-dose, open-label, nonrandomized studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of the chimeric monoclonal antibodies (antitoxins) against Stx 1 and 2 (c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2, respectively). In the first study, 16 volunteers received 1 or 3 mg/kg of body weight of c␣Stx1 or c␣Stx2 as a single, short (1-h) intravenous infusion (n ‫؍‬ 4 per group). In a second study, 10 volunteers received a 1-h infusion of c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2 combined at 1 or 3 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 5 per group). Treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, resolved spontaneously, and were generally unrelated to the antibody infusion. No serious adverse events were observed. Human antichimeric antibodies were detected in a single blood sample collected on day 57. Antibody clearance was slightly greater for c␣Stx1 (0.38 ؎ 0.16 ml/h/kg [mean ؎ standard deviation]) than for c␣Stx2 (0.20 ؎ 0.07 ml/h/kg) (P ‫؍‬ 0.0013, t test). The low clearance is consistent with the long elimination half-lives of c␣Stx1 (190.4 ؎ 140.2 h) and c␣Stx2 (260.6 ؎ 112.4 h; P ‫؍‬ 0.151). The small volume of distribution (0.08 ؎ 0.05 liter/kg, combined data) indicates that the antibodies are retained within the circulation. The conclusion is that c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2, given as individual or combined short intravenous infusions, are well tolerated. These results form the basis for future safety and efficacy trials with patients with STEC infections to ameliorate or prevent HUS and other complications.

European Urology Supplements, 2004

Clinical Therapeutics, 1996

Archives of Neurology, 1998

In an attempt to better understand and define the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A... more In an attempt to better understand and define the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we developed a classification of 5 discrete health states that reflect patients' activities of daily living. These health states were used to determine whether patients with ALS who are treated with riluzole differed from those treated with placebo. Clinics for patients with ALS. Placebo-controlled trial of riluzole treatment in 959 patients with ALS. Treatment with riluzole or placebo. MAIN DEPENDENT MEASURES: A Cox model was used to assess whether, from the initial randomization to the end of an 18-month follow-up, there was a difference in the times of transition into subsequent health states between patients treated with riluzole and those treated with placebo. Our analysis showed a significant difference in the time to transit between the riluzole and the placebo groups in less severely affected cases, ie, state 2 and state A (the milder states) of ALS. Patients receiving riluzole remained in the milder health states longer (P<.05).

PEDIATRICS, 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the direct medical costs and productivity losses associat... more The purpose of this study was to assess the direct medical costs and productivity losses associated with uncomplicated chickenpox (no hospitalization) in Canada. A total of 179 otherwise healthy 1- to 9-year-old children with active chickenpox were recruited from schools, day care centers, and physician offices in 5 provinces. Direct medical (physician contacts, medication, and diagnostic tests) and nonmedical (personal expenses including child care) resources expended during the illness were determined by caregiver interview. Productivity losses attributable to the disease were determined by assessing caregiver time lost from work and daily activities. Unit costs for all resources were obtained from sources in 2 provinces, and per-patient treatment costs were determined from the patient, Ministry of Health, and societal perspectives. From a societal perspective, the per-case cost for children from 1 to 4 years of age and from 5 to 9 years of age was 370.2and370.2 and 370.2and236.5, respectively. Direct medical costs accounted for 10% of the total costs in both groups. The largest cost driver in patient care was caregiver productivity losses, which amounted to 316.5intheyoungeragegroupandto316.5 in the younger age group and to 316.5intheyoungeragegroupandto182.7 in the older age group. Based on an estimated yearly incidence of 344 656 cases of uncomplicated chickenpox in Canada, the total annual societal burden of the disease can be estimated at 109.2million,withacosttotheMinistryofHealthof109.2 million, with a cost to the Ministry of Health of 109.2million,withacosttotheMinistryofHealthof11.2 million. Chickenpox is one of the last common childhood diseases prevalent in Canada, and the uncomplicated disease, despite its rather benign course, imparts a large annual economic burden.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-urem... more Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). The rates of STEC infection and complications, including death, are highest among young children and elderly individuals. There are no causal therapies. Because Stx is the primary pathological agent leading to organ injury in patients with STEC disease, therapeutic antibodies are being developed to neutralize systemically absorbed toxin during the early phase of the infection. Two phase I, single-dose, open-label, nonrandomized studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of the chimeric monoclonal antibodies (antitoxins) against Stx 1 and 2 (c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2, respectively). In the first study, 16 volunteers received 1 or 3 mg/kg of body weight of c␣Stx1 or c␣Stx2 as a single, short (1-h) intravenous infusion (n ‫؍‬ 4 per group). In a second study, 10 volunteers received a 1-h infusion of c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2 combined at 1 or 3 mg/kg (n ‫؍‬ 5 per group). Treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, resolved spontaneously, and were generally unrelated to the antibody infusion. No serious adverse events were observed. Human antichimeric antibodies were detected in a single blood sample collected on day 57. Antibody clearance was slightly greater for c␣Stx1 (0.38 ؎ 0.16 ml/h/kg [mean ؎ standard deviation]) than for c␣Stx2 (0.20 ؎ 0.07 ml/h/kg) (P ‫؍‬ 0.0013, t test). The low clearance is consistent with the long elimination half-lives of c␣Stx1 (190.4 ؎ 140.2 h) and c␣Stx2 (260.6 ؎ 112.4 h; P ‫؍‬ 0.151). The small volume of distribution (0.08 ؎ 0.05 liter/kg, combined data) indicates that the antibodies are retained within the circulation. The conclusion is that c␣Stx1 and c␣Stx2, given as individual or combined short intravenous infusions, are well tolerated. These results form the basis for future safety and efficacy trials with patients with STEC infections to ameliorate or prevent HUS and other complications.

European Urology Supplements, 2004