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Papers by Robert Archie Morris

Crime, Histoire & Sociétés, 2000

1.2-Types of Cardiac Hypertrophy……………………………………………………6 1.3-Myocardial fibrosis due to aortic const... more 1.2-Types of Cardiac Hypertrophy……………………………………………………6 1.3-Myocardial fibrosis due to aortic constriction………………………………..10 1.4-Estimated world wide population with diabetes for 2000 and 2010……………………………………………………..19 1.5-Molecular structure of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)…………………………...25 1.6-Influence of weight loss, caloric restriction, and exercise on obesity-induced oxidative stress………………………………36 2.1-Effect of exercise training on resting cardiac output (ml/min) normalized to body weight (g) [cardiac index] in 8-wk-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Ren-2 rats…………………………………………51 2.2-Effect of exercise training on resting stroke volume (ml) normalized to body weight (g) in 8-wk-old SD and Ren-2 rats……………51 2.3-Effect of exercise training on diastolic filling time in 8-wk-old SD and Ren-2 rats…………………………………………………….52 2.4-Resting systolic blood pressure before (initial) and after (final) 5-6 weeks of exercise training in SD and Ren-2 rats………………53 2.5-The effects of exercise training on left ventricular B-type natriuretic peptide mRNA levels in 11-12-wk old SD and Ren-2 rats……………………………………………………………54 2.6-The effects of exercise training on left ventricular α-myosin heavy chain mRNA levels in 11-12-wk old SD and Ren-2 rats. ………………………………………………………….55 2.7-The effects of exercise training on left ventricular β-myosin heavy chain mRNA levels in 11-12 wk-old SD and Ren-2 rats. EX-SD was set to 1 and all other groups normalized to EX-SD…………………………………………………...56 2.8-The effect of exercise on left ventricular collagen from 11-12-wk old SD and Ren-2 rats…………………………………………56 x Figure Page 3.1-Experimental design of voluntary running and short term physical inactivity in the OLETF rat…………………………………….67 3.2-Average daily running distances (km / day) for each week by OLETF rats from 4 to 20 weeks of age……………………………...76 3.3a-Effects of voluntary running on weekly food consumption (g) in OLETF rats from 4 to 20 weeks of age……………………………………...77 3.3b-Effects of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on daily food consumption (g) in the OLETF rat during the 21st week of age…………………………………………………78 3.4a-Effect of voluntary running on body weights (g) in OLETF rats from 4 to 20 weeks of age…………………………………………………..79 3.4b-Effects of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on body weight (g) in the OLETF rat at 20 weeks of age……………………………………………80 3.5-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on serum insulin levels (ng/ml) of OLETF rats……………………………….81 3.6a-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on intramuscular lipid accumulation (% oil red) in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats……………………………………….82 3.6b-Representative oil red staining of epitrochlearis muscle from WL5 OLETF rats…………………………………………………...83 3.6c-Serial staining of OLETF epitrochlearis muscle (WL5) with oil red and succinate dehydrogenase ………………………………….84 3.7-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) production in a) epitrochlearis muscle and b) omental adipose tissue of OLETF rats……………………………………85 3.8-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on 4-HNE / intramuscular lipid accumulation in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats……………………..86 xi Figure Page 3.9-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on SOD-1 and SOD-2 protein expression in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats………………………...87 3.10-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on palmitate oxidation in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats…………………………………………..88 3.11-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on PPARδ, PGC-1α, and GSTα4 mRNA levels in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats……………………………….89 3.12-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on citrate synthase enzyme activity in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats…………………………………………..90 4.1-Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes…………………….103 A1-Effect of zero, low, and high concentrations of β-mercaptoethanol on 4-HNE production…………………………………...113 A2.1-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on total p38 protein levels in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats……………………………..114 A2.2-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on p38 phosphorylation (Thr180, Tyr182) levels in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETF rats………..114 A2.3-Effect of 16 weeks of voluntary running followed by 53 and 173 hrs of no running on p38 phosphorylation / p38 total protein in epitrochlearis muscle of OLETFrats.…………….….115 xii List of Abbreviations βARKβ-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase β-HADβ-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 2O • − 2-Superoxide 4-HNE-4-hydroxynonenal ABI-Applied Biosystems AC-Aortic Constriction ACE-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2015

Background: Endotoxin (i.e. LPS) administration induces a robust inflammatory response with accom... more Background: Endotoxin (i.e. LPS) administration induces a robust inflammatory response with accompanying cardiovascular dysfunction and insulin resistance. Overabundance of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the vascular dysfunction. However, inflammation itself also induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. We sought to investigate whether the cardiovascular dysfunction induced by increased NO availability without inflammatory stress can promote insulin resistance. Additionally, we examined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2), the source of the increase in NO availability, in modulating LPS-induced decrease in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake (MGU). Methods: The impact of NO donor infusion on insulin-stimulated whole-body and muscle glucose uptake (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), and the cardiovascular system was assessed in chronically catheterized, conscious mice wild-type (WT) mice. The impact of LPS on insulin action and the cardiovascular system were assessed in WT and global iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Tissue blood flow and cardiac function were assessed using microspheres and echocardiography, respectively. Insulin signaling activity, and gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers were also measured. Results: NO donor infusion decreased mean arterial blood pressure, whole-body glucose requirements, and MGU in the absence of changes in skeletal muscle blood flow. LPS lowered mean arterial blood pressure and glucose requirements in WT mice, but not in iNOS KO mice. Lastly, despite an intact inflammatory response, iNOS KO mice were protected from LPS-mediated deficits in cardiac output. LPS impaired MGU in vivo, regardless of the presence of iNOS. However, ex vivo, insulin action in muscle obtained from LPS treated iNOS KO animals was protected. Conclusion: Nitric oxide excess and LPS impairs glycemic control by diminishing MGU. LPS impairs MGU by both the direct effect of inflammation on the myocyte, as well as by the indirect NO-driven cardiovascular dysfunction.

The virtual mentor : VM, 2005

In 1999 an estimated 717 036 juveniles were incarcerated in the United States [1]. Many youth rem... more In 1999 an estimated 717 036 juveniles were incarcerated in the United States [1]. Many youth remain in detention a short time while others convicted of serious crimes spend years incarcerated. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 mandated that youth not be housed with adults. Nonetheless, on June 30, 2000, an estimated 7600 youths were incarcerated in adult facilities [2]. Each state defines the limits of the juvenile age range as it applies to detention practices and the choice of being tried in juvenile rather than adult court. Health Problems of Incarcerated Youth Many health problems afflict detained youth. Communicable diseases, especially sexually transmissible infections, hepatitis, and positive tuberculosis testing are commonly encountered [3,4]. Although human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) remains low in this age group, delinquent youth engage in risky behaviors [5,6] and some are infected, [4] often asymptomatically but with immune suppression. Universal HIV testing for all newly admitted youth may be wise, but debate around this issue continues because of concerns regarding coercion to agree to testing and stigmatization of HIV. Approximately 10 percent of incarcerated girls are pregnant and 40 percent have been pregnant in the past [4]. This presents a dilemma for practitioners because of varying restrictive state laws regarding minors and abortion services as well as the individual practitioner's moral beliefs. Menstrual disorders, along with injuries [7], and orthopedic problems, gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, and dermatologic concerns also afflict these youth. Little recent data shed any light on health screening practices of detention facilities, but in 1974 only 64 percent of juveniles were tested for TB and 53 percent for sexually transmissible infections [8]. In 33 percent of the surveyed facilities, nonmedical personnel did the screening [8]. Facilities Correctional facilities can be divided into 2 large categories: local detention facilities and state-run institutions for longer-term incarceration. Detention facilities administered by local governments hold youth awaiting court decisions, ie, preadjudicated. These facilities are used for short-term punishment or until sentenced youth are transferred to long-term facilities. Some local governments operate camps and treatment programs such as mental health units. The states generally run long

Journal of the National Medical Association, 1960

Immunology Letters, 2005

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the immune system's defense against human... more Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the immune system's defense against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The functional status of CTL closely relates to the progression of HIV disease. We have validated the characteristics of the assay for HIV-1 gag-and pol-specific-CD8/HLA-A2 T-cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Sixty-nine healthy individuals and 38 HIVpatients with HLA-A2 antigen-positive subjects were included in the study. Neither HIV-1 gag-nor pol-specific-CD8/HLA-A2 T-cells were determined in these healthy subjects. HIV-1 gag-and pol-specific-CD8/HLA-A2 T-cells could be detected in HIV-patients. The frequency of specific CTL was 58% (22/38) in the patient group. There was a significantly inverse correlation (p < 0.05) between HIV-1 gag-and pol-specific-CD8/HLA-A2 T-cells and HIV plasma viremia in the patients. Conclusion: The HIV-1 gag-or pol-specific-CD8/HLA-A2 T-cells assay is sensitive and specific, being able to detect at the single T-cell level. This assay may provide a versatile tool for structured HIV treatment and for monitoring vaccination efficacy.

The British Journal for the History of Science, 1972

Professional historians of science generally recognize the importance of Lavoisier's theory o... more Professional historians of science generally recognize the importance of Lavoisier's theory of heat. However, it commonly receives scant attention in the historical treatment of his chemical theories except perhaps as an example illustrating his conservatism and giving the impression that the caloric theory, although perhaps important in the development of ideas on the nature of heat, is independent of and bears little relationship to his general chemistry or is incidental to an understanding of that chemistry.1 An examination of Lavoisier's writings suggests that the caloric theory is not merely a milestone in the development of physics; and rather than an omittable appendage, his concept of heat forms an integral part of his chemical system and plays a central, necessary role in his oxidation theory in particular. The purpose of this paper is to give a general description of Lavoisier's ideas on the nature and action of heat, the origin of these ideas, their developmen...

$Research paper thumbnail of Microcrystal X-ray diffraction and MAS NMR studies of zeolties$

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 2005

MICROSYMPOSIA C77 samples, both Cu + and Cu 2+ were detected, both incorporated in the glass matr... more MICROSYMPOSIA C77 samples, both Cu + and Cu 2+ were detected, both incorporated in the glass matrix, the second one being responsible for the colour of the artefacts.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1981

Magnetically responsive albumin microspheres containing doxorubicin and magnetite (Fe3O4) were se... more Magnetically responsive albumin microspheres containing doxorubicin and magnetite (Fe3O4) were selectively targeted to Yoshida sarcoma tumors in rats by utilizing an extracorporeal magnet. Tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the tail of rats, and the tumors were allowed to grow to an average size of 9 X 45 mm prior to initiating treatment. Drug-bearing microspheres (0.5 mg of doxorubicin per kg of body weight) were infused proximal to the tumor through the ventral caudal artery while the tumor was exposed to an external magnetic field of 5500 Oe for 30 min. Control animals received free doxorubicin administered either intravenously (5 mg/kg) or infused intraarterially (5 and 0.5 mg/kg), drug-bearing microspheres infused intraarterially (0.5mg/kg), without the external magnet, or placebo microspheres with magnetic localization. Of the 12 animals treated with a single dose in the experimental group, 9 exhibited total remission of the tumor, representing a disappearance of tu...