Robert Huggins - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Huggins
British Journal of Sports Medicine, Oct 29, 2021
Journal of physical education and sports management, 2019
Current Sports Medicine Reports, 2020
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
ObjectiveTo present the appropriate medical care standards for organizations that sponsor athleti... more ObjectiveTo present the appropriate medical care standards for organizations that sponsor athletic activities for secondary school–aged athletes.Data SourcesTo develop the current standards and identify current best-practices evidence, the task force used a multistep process that included reviewing the existing 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes consensus points and cross-referencing of National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) statements and official documents from the strategic alliance (the NATA, NATA Foundation, Board of Certification, and Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education). Gaps in the recommendations from the 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes document were identified by the task force, and the new appropriate medical care standards were developed and refined.Conclusions and RecommendationsTwelve standards, with supporting substandards, were developed that encompassed readiness to par...
Journal of Athletic Training, Apr 1, 2019
Journal of Athletic Training
Context The Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Annual Report suggested that athleti... more Context The Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Annual Report suggested that athletic trainer (AT) employment status differed based on geographic locale. However, the influence of geographic locale and school size on AT employment is unknown. Objective To determine if differences existed in the odds of having AT services by locale for public and private schools and by student enrollment for public schools. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Public and private secondary schools with athletics programs. Patients or Other Participants Data from 20 078 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measures(s) Data were collected by the ATLAS Project. Athletic trainer employment status, locale (city, suburban, town, or rural) for public and private schools, and school size category (large, moderate, medium, or small) only for public schools were obtained. The employment status of ATs was examined for each category using odds ratios. Logistic regressi...
Journal of Athletic Training
Context Athletic training is a multifaceted profession characterized by interpersonal relationshi... more Context Athletic training is a multifaceted profession characterized by interpersonal relationships and a team approach to care. Collaborative relationships, by nature, open the door to conflict, which has been reported frequently in the collegiate athletic setting. However, secondary school athletic trainers' (ATs') experiences with conflict and pressure in their role are not readily understood. Objective To measure the extent and sources of stress, pressure, and conflict within the secondary school athletic training setting and determine if differences exist across employment characteristics. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Secondary school athletics. Patients or Other Participants Secondary school ATs (n = 725, age = 39.8 ± 10.5 years, years certified = 16.7 ± 9.7, years in current role = 10.6 ± 7.8). Main Outcome Measures Participants were asked to reply to an online questionnaire with quantitative measures pertaining to organizational conflict and workplace dynami...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of heat acclimatization (HAz) followed ... more The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of heat acclimatization (HAz) followed by heat acclimation (HA) on physiological adaptations. 25 male endurance athletes (age 36 ± 12 y, height 178.8 ± 6.39 cm, body mass 73.03 ± 8.97 kg, and VO2peak 57.5 ± 7.0 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed HAz and HA. HAz was 3 months of self-directed summer training. In the laboratory, a 5-day HA prescribed exercise to target a hyperthermic zone (HZHA) of Trec between 38.50 and 39.75 °C for 60 min. Exercise trials were 60 min of running (59% ± 2% VO2peak) in an environmental chamber (wet bulb globe temperature 29.53 ± 0.63 °C) and administered at: baseline, post-HAz, and post-HAz+HA. Measured variables included internal body temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), and sweat rate (SR). Repeated measure ANOVAs and post hoc comparisons were used to assess statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences. Trec was lower post-HAz+HA (38.03 ± 0.39 °C) than post-HAz (38.25 ± 0.42 °C, p = 0.009) and bas...
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 2019
Purpose: Athletic training student aides (SA) are minors in high school that participate in an at... more Purpose: Athletic training student aides (SA) are minors in high school that participate in an athletic training experience under the supervision of secondary school athletic trainers (SSAT). The NATA published an official statement on the proper supervision of SAs related to task allowance. As SSATs may also supervise athletic training students (ATSs), it is important to understand the differences in both. Therefore, the objective was to explore the training, task allowance, and perspectives of SAs and ATSs by SSATs during clinical experiences. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, web-based survey for this study. SSATs (n=3,567) from the ATLAS database were recruited and 614 participants (age=39±11years, years credentialed=12±9years) completed the study. An online survey was developed to reflect the NATA official statement for task allowance and supervision of SAs and ATSs. Dependent variables included requirements and task allowance of the SA and ATS based on supervision (direct, a...
Medicina, 2020
Background and Objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) survivors may be more susceptible to subs... more Background and Objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) survivors may be more susceptible to subsequent EHS; however, the occurrence of survivors with subsequent EHS episodes is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of participants with repeated EHS (EHS-2+) cases in a warm-weather road race across participation years compared to those who experienced 1 EHS (EHS-1). Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational case series design was utilized. Medical record data from 17-years at the Falmouth Road Race between 2003–2019 were examined for EHS cases. Incidence of EHS-2+ cases per race and average EHS cases per EHS-2+ participant were calculated (mean ± SD) and descriptive factors (rectal temperature (TRE), finish time (FT), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), age, race year) for each EHS was collected. Results: A total of 333 EHS patients from 174,853 finishers were identified. Sixteen EHS-2+ participants (11 males, 5 females, age = 39 ± 16 ...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
Context Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% o... more Context Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% of schools had access to an athletic trainer (AT; 35% full time [FT], 30% part time [PT], and 2% per diem). However, the population-based statistic in all secondary schools with athletic programs (n = approximately 20 000) is yet to be determined. Objective To determine the level of AT services and employment status in US secondary schools with athletics by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Public and private secondary schools with athletics. Patients or Other Participants Data from all 20 272 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measure(s) Data were collected from September 2015 to April 2018 by phone or e-mail communication with school administrators or ATs and by online surveys of secondary school ATs. Employment categories were school district, school district with teaching, medical or university ...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2019
Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Sekiguchi, Y, Arent, S, Armwald, B, Pullara, JM, West, CA,... more Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Sekiguchi, Y, Arent, S, Armwald, B, Pullara, JM, West, CA, and Casa, DJ. Seasonal accumulated workloads in collegiate men's soccer: a comparison of starters and reserves. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3184–3189, 2021—The purpose of this investigation was to quantify and compare player's season total-, match-, and training-accumulated workload by player status characteristics (i.e., starter vs. reserve) in American collegiate men's soccer. Global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate (HR)-derived workloads were analyzed from 82 collegiate male soccer athletes from 5 separate teams over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Differences in total physical and physiological workloads (i.e., total distance, accelerations, and weighted HR-zone training impulse [TRIMP] score) as well as workloads over a range of intensity zones were examined using multilevel mixed models, with mean difference (MD) and effect size (ES) reported. Starters accumulated su...
Nutrients, 2019
Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of ath... more Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of athletes during sporting activities. Clinicians should be aware of the many physiological, behavioral, logistical and psychological issues that determine both the athlete’s fluid needs during sport and his/her opportunity to address them; these are often specific to the environment, the event and the individual athlete. In this paper we address the major considerations for assessing hydration status in athletes and practical solutions to overcome obstacles of a given sport. Based on these solutions, practitioners can better advise athletes to develop practices that optimize hydration for their sports.
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
Context Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensi... more Context Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensively in the literature. However, few epidemiologic data exist on the incidence of sudden death specifically in American youth sport before secondary school athletics. Objective To describe the epidemiology of sudden death in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Organized American youth sports. Patients or Other Participants Cases of sudden death that occurred in youth athletes 17 years of age and younger in non-high school organized sports were included. Data Collection and Analysis Information on sudden deaths between August 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, was obtained via LexisNexis and other publicly available news or media reports. Total youth sport participation rates from 2007 to 2015 were provided by the Sport & Fitness Industry Association. Athlete age, sex, sport, level of play, event type, date of dea...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2018
Pryor, JL, Adams, WM, Huggins, RA, Belval, LN, Pryor, RR, and Casa, DJ. Pacing strategy of a full... more Pryor, JL, Adams, WM, Huggins, RA, Belval, LN, Pryor, RR, and Casa, DJ. Pacing strategy of a full Ironman overall female winner on a course with major elevation changes. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3080–3087, 2018—The purpose of this study was to use a mixed-methods design to describe the pacing strategy of the overall female winner of a 226.3-km Ironman triathlon. During the race, the triathlete wore a global positioning system and heart rate (HR)-enabled watch and rode a bike outfitted with a power and cadence meter. High-frequency (every km) analyses of mean values, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and normalized graded running pace and power (accounting for changes in elevation) were calculated. During the bike, velocity, power, cadence, and HR averaged 35.6 km·h−1, 199 W, 84 rpm, and 155 b·min−1, respectively, with minimal variation except for velocity (measurement unit variation [MAPE]: 7.4 km·h−1 [20.3%], 11.8 W [7.0%], 3.6 rpm [4.6%], 3 b·min−1 [2.3%], respectively). Duri...
International journal of biometeorology, Jan 29, 2018
To investigate the influence of estimated wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the International... more To investigate the influence of estimated wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the International Institute of Race Medicine (IIRM) activity modification guidelines on the incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and heat exhaustion (HEx) and the ability of an on-site medical team to treat those afflicted. Medical records of EHS and HEx patients over a 17-year period from the New Balance Falmouth Road Race were examined. Climatologic data from nearby weather stations were obtained to calculate WBGT with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (WBGT) and Liljegren (WBGT) models. Incidence rate (IR) of EHS, HEx, and combined total of EHS and HEx (COM) were calculated, and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IR and WBGT or WBGT. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare differences in EHS, HEx, and COM incidence to four alert levels in the IIRM guidelines. Incidence of EHS, HEx, and COM was 2.12, 0.98, and 3.10 cases per 1000 finishers. WBGT explaine...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2017
Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2017
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pacing, gastrointestinal temper... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pacing, gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), and percent body mass loss (%BML) on relative race performance during a warm weather 11.3km road race. Observational study of a sample of active runners competing in the 2014 Falmouth Road Race. Participants ingested a TGI pill and donned a GPS enabled watch with heart rate monitoring capabilities prior to the start of the race. Percent off predicted pace (%OFF) was calculated for seven segments of the race. Separate linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between pace, TGI, and %BML on relative race performance. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse post race TGI (≥40°C vs <40°C) on pace and %OFF. Larger %BML was associated with faster finish times (R(2)=0.19, p=0.018), faster average pace (R(2)=0.29, p=0.012), and a greater %OFF (R(2)=0.15, p=0.033). %OFF during the first mile (1.61km) significantly predicted overall finish time (R(2)=0.64, p<0.0...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2017
Context: Recent case reports on malignant hyperthermia (MH)-like syndrome in physically active p... more Context: Recent case reports on malignant hyperthermia (MH)-like syndrome in physically active populations indicate potential associations among MH, exertional heat stroke (EHS), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). However, an expert consensus for clinicians working with these populations is lacking. Objective: To provide current expert consensus on the (1) definition of MH; (2) history, etiology, and pathophysiology of MH; (3) epidemiology of MH; (4) association of MH with EHS and ER; (5) identification of an MH-like syndrome; (6) recommendations for acute management of an MH-like syndrome; (7) special considerations for physically active populations; and (8) future directions for research. Setting: An interassociation task force was formed by experts in athletic training, exercise science, anesthesiology, and emergency medicine. The “Round Table on Malignant Hyperthermia in Physically Active Populations” was convened at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, September 17–18, 20...
British Journal of Sports Medicine, Oct 29, 2021
Journal of physical education and sports management, 2019
Current Sports Medicine Reports, 2020
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
ObjectiveTo present the appropriate medical care standards for organizations that sponsor athleti... more ObjectiveTo present the appropriate medical care standards for organizations that sponsor athletic activities for secondary school–aged athletes.Data SourcesTo develop the current standards and identify current best-practices evidence, the task force used a multistep process that included reviewing the existing 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes consensus points and cross-referencing of National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) statements and official documents from the strategic alliance (the NATA, NATA Foundation, Board of Certification, and Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education). Gaps in the recommendations from the 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes document were identified by the task force, and the new appropriate medical care standards were developed and refined.Conclusions and RecommendationsTwelve standards, with supporting substandards, were developed that encompassed readiness to par...
Journal of Athletic Training, Apr 1, 2019
Journal of Athletic Training
Context The Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Annual Report suggested that athleti... more Context The Athletic Training Locations and Services (ATLAS) Annual Report suggested that athletic trainer (AT) employment status differed based on geographic locale. However, the influence of geographic locale and school size on AT employment is unknown. Objective To determine if differences existed in the odds of having AT services by locale for public and private schools and by student enrollment for public schools. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Public and private secondary schools with athletics programs. Patients or Other Participants Data from 20 078 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measures(s) Data were collected by the ATLAS Project. Athletic trainer employment status, locale (city, suburban, town, or rural) for public and private schools, and school size category (large, moderate, medium, or small) only for public schools were obtained. The employment status of ATs was examined for each category using odds ratios. Logistic regressi...
Journal of Athletic Training
Context Athletic training is a multifaceted profession characterized by interpersonal relationshi... more Context Athletic training is a multifaceted profession characterized by interpersonal relationships and a team approach to care. Collaborative relationships, by nature, open the door to conflict, which has been reported frequently in the collegiate athletic setting. However, secondary school athletic trainers' (ATs') experiences with conflict and pressure in their role are not readily understood. Objective To measure the extent and sources of stress, pressure, and conflict within the secondary school athletic training setting and determine if differences exist across employment characteristics. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Secondary school athletics. Patients or Other Participants Secondary school ATs (n = 725, age = 39.8 ± 10.5 years, years certified = 16.7 ± 9.7, years in current role = 10.6 ± 7.8). Main Outcome Measures Participants were asked to reply to an online questionnaire with quantitative measures pertaining to organizational conflict and workplace dynami...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of heat acclimatization (HAz) followed ... more The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of heat acclimatization (HAz) followed by heat acclimation (HA) on physiological adaptations. 25 male endurance athletes (age 36 ± 12 y, height 178.8 ± 6.39 cm, body mass 73.03 ± 8.97 kg, and VO2peak 57.5 ± 7.0 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed HAz and HA. HAz was 3 months of self-directed summer training. In the laboratory, a 5-day HA prescribed exercise to target a hyperthermic zone (HZHA) of Trec between 38.50 and 39.75 °C for 60 min. Exercise trials were 60 min of running (59% ± 2% VO2peak) in an environmental chamber (wet bulb globe temperature 29.53 ± 0.63 °C) and administered at: baseline, post-HAz, and post-HAz+HA. Measured variables included internal body temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), and sweat rate (SR). Repeated measure ANOVAs and post hoc comparisons were used to assess statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences. Trec was lower post-HAz+HA (38.03 ± 0.39 °C) than post-HAz (38.25 ± 0.42 °C, p = 0.009) and bas...
Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 2019
Purpose: Athletic training student aides (SA) are minors in high school that participate in an at... more Purpose: Athletic training student aides (SA) are minors in high school that participate in an athletic training experience under the supervision of secondary school athletic trainers (SSAT). The NATA published an official statement on the proper supervision of SAs related to task allowance. As SSATs may also supervise athletic training students (ATSs), it is important to understand the differences in both. Therefore, the objective was to explore the training, task allowance, and perspectives of SAs and ATSs by SSATs during clinical experiences. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, web-based survey for this study. SSATs (n=3,567) from the ATLAS database were recruited and 614 participants (age=39±11years, years credentialed=12±9years) completed the study. An online survey was developed to reflect the NATA official statement for task allowance and supervision of SAs and ATSs. Dependent variables included requirements and task allowance of the SA and ATS based on supervision (direct, a...
Medicina, 2020
Background and Objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) survivors may be more susceptible to subs... more Background and Objectives: Exertional heat stroke (EHS) survivors may be more susceptible to subsequent EHS; however, the occurrence of survivors with subsequent EHS episodes is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of participants with repeated EHS (EHS-2+) cases in a warm-weather road race across participation years compared to those who experienced 1 EHS (EHS-1). Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational case series design was utilized. Medical record data from 17-years at the Falmouth Road Race between 2003–2019 were examined for EHS cases. Incidence of EHS-2+ cases per race and average EHS cases per EHS-2+ participant were calculated (mean ± SD) and descriptive factors (rectal temperature (TRE), finish time (FT), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), age, race year) for each EHS was collected. Results: A total of 333 EHS patients from 174,853 finishers were identified. Sixteen EHS-2+ participants (11 males, 5 females, age = 39 ± 16 ...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
Context Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% o... more Context Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% of schools had access to an athletic trainer (AT; 35% full time [FT], 30% part time [PT], and 2% per diem). However, the population-based statistic in all secondary schools with athletic programs (n = approximately 20 000) is yet to be determined. Objective To determine the level of AT services and employment status in US secondary schools with athletics by National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Public and private secondary schools with athletics. Patients or Other Participants Data from all 20 272 US public and private secondary schools were obtained. Main Outcome Measure(s) Data were collected from September 2015 to April 2018 by phone or e-mail communication with school administrators or ATs and by online surveys of secondary school ATs. Employment categories were school district, school district with teaching, medical or university ...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2019
Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Sekiguchi, Y, Arent, S, Armwald, B, Pullara, JM, West, CA,... more Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Sekiguchi, Y, Arent, S, Armwald, B, Pullara, JM, West, CA, and Casa, DJ. Seasonal accumulated workloads in collegiate men's soccer: a comparison of starters and reserves. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3184–3189, 2021—The purpose of this investigation was to quantify and compare player's season total-, match-, and training-accumulated workload by player status characteristics (i.e., starter vs. reserve) in American collegiate men's soccer. Global positioning system (GPS) and heart rate (HR)-derived workloads were analyzed from 82 collegiate male soccer athletes from 5 separate teams over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. Differences in total physical and physiological workloads (i.e., total distance, accelerations, and weighted HR-zone training impulse [TRIMP] score) as well as workloads over a range of intensity zones were examined using multilevel mixed models, with mean difference (MD) and effect size (ES) reported. Starters accumulated su...
Nutrients, 2019
Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of ath... more Personalized hydration strategies play a key role in optimizing the performance and safety of athletes during sporting activities. Clinicians should be aware of the many physiological, behavioral, logistical and psychological issues that determine both the athlete’s fluid needs during sport and his/her opportunity to address them; these are often specific to the environment, the event and the individual athlete. In this paper we address the major considerations for assessing hydration status in athletes and practical solutions to overcome obstacles of a given sport. Based on these solutions, practitioners can better advise athletes to develop practices that optimize hydration for their sports.
Journal of Athletic Training, 2019
Context Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensi... more Context Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensively in the literature. However, few epidemiologic data exist on the incidence of sudden death specifically in American youth sport before secondary school athletics. Objective To describe the epidemiology of sudden death in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Organized American youth sports. Patients or Other Participants Cases of sudden death that occurred in youth athletes 17 years of age and younger in non-high school organized sports were included. Data Collection and Analysis Information on sudden deaths between August 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, was obtained via LexisNexis and other publicly available news or media reports. Total youth sport participation rates from 2007 to 2015 were provided by the Sport & Fitness Industry Association. Athlete age, sex, sport, level of play, event type, date of dea...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2018
Pryor, JL, Adams, WM, Huggins, RA, Belval, LN, Pryor, RR, and Casa, DJ. Pacing strategy of a full... more Pryor, JL, Adams, WM, Huggins, RA, Belval, LN, Pryor, RR, and Casa, DJ. Pacing strategy of a full Ironman overall female winner on a course with major elevation changes. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3080–3087, 2018—The purpose of this study was to use a mixed-methods design to describe the pacing strategy of the overall female winner of a 226.3-km Ironman triathlon. During the race, the triathlete wore a global positioning system and heart rate (HR)-enabled watch and rode a bike outfitted with a power and cadence meter. High-frequency (every km) analyses of mean values, mean absolute percent error (MAPE), and normalized graded running pace and power (accounting for changes in elevation) were calculated. During the bike, velocity, power, cadence, and HR averaged 35.6 km·h−1, 199 W, 84 rpm, and 155 b·min−1, respectively, with minimal variation except for velocity (measurement unit variation [MAPE]: 7.4 km·h−1 [20.3%], 11.8 W [7.0%], 3.6 rpm [4.6%], 3 b·min−1 [2.3%], respectively). Duri...
International journal of biometeorology, Jan 29, 2018
To investigate the influence of estimated wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the International... more To investigate the influence of estimated wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the International Institute of Race Medicine (IIRM) activity modification guidelines on the incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and heat exhaustion (HEx) and the ability of an on-site medical team to treat those afflicted. Medical records of EHS and HEx patients over a 17-year period from the New Balance Falmouth Road Race were examined. Climatologic data from nearby weather stations were obtained to calculate WBGT with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (WBGT) and Liljegren (WBGT) models. Incidence rate (IR) of EHS, HEx, and combined total of EHS and HEx (COM) were calculated, and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IR and WBGT or WBGT. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare differences in EHS, HEx, and COM incidence to four alert levels in the IIRM guidelines. Incidence of EHS, HEx, and COM was 2.12, 0.98, and 3.10 cases per 1000 finishers. WBGT explaine...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2017
Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2017
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pacing, gastrointestinal temper... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pacing, gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), and percent body mass loss (%BML) on relative race performance during a warm weather 11.3km road race. Observational study of a sample of active runners competing in the 2014 Falmouth Road Race. Participants ingested a TGI pill and donned a GPS enabled watch with heart rate monitoring capabilities prior to the start of the race. Percent off predicted pace (%OFF) was calculated for seven segments of the race. Separate linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between pace, TGI, and %BML on relative race performance. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse post race TGI (≥40°C vs <40°C) on pace and %OFF. Larger %BML was associated with faster finish times (R(2)=0.19, p=0.018), faster average pace (R(2)=0.29, p=0.012), and a greater %OFF (R(2)=0.15, p=0.033). %OFF during the first mile (1.61km) significantly predicted overall finish time (R(2)=0.64, p<0.0...
Journal of Athletic Training, 2017
Context: Recent case reports on malignant hyperthermia (MH)-like syndrome in physically active p... more Context: Recent case reports on malignant hyperthermia (MH)-like syndrome in physically active populations indicate potential associations among MH, exertional heat stroke (EHS), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). However, an expert consensus for clinicians working with these populations is lacking. Objective: To provide current expert consensus on the (1) definition of MH; (2) history, etiology, and pathophysiology of MH; (3) epidemiology of MH; (4) association of MH with EHS and ER; (5) identification of an MH-like syndrome; (6) recommendations for acute management of an MH-like syndrome; (7) special considerations for physically active populations; and (8) future directions for research. Setting: An interassociation task force was formed by experts in athletic training, exercise science, anesthesiology, and emergency medicine. The “Round Table on Malignant Hyperthermia in Physically Active Populations” was convened at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, September 17–18, 20...