Robert Trench - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Trench
The effectsofirradiance level and size on the rate ofO2 evolution and consumption was examined in... more The effectsofirradiance level and size on the rate ofO2 evolution and consumption was examined in Tridacna gigas using an oxygen electrode. Seven photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) curves were generated for intact clams ranging from 1 to 23 cm in shell length. Both alpha and P@ decreased with increasing size of the clam. Oxygen evolution at 1000 @iE . m2 @ s@
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1970
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 1990
The Biological Bulletin, Dec 1, 1980
NaH14CO3 demonstrated a high photosynthetic capacity (up to 3.7 p.gC@(p.g Chlorophyll a)@ . hr1) ... more NaH14CO3 demonstrated a high photosynthetic capacity (up to 3.7 p.gC@(p.g Chlorophyll a)@ . hr1) . In vitro these cyanobacteria release a maximum of 7% of the ‘¿ @C they fix in the light. Dark fixation was found to be maximally 3% of light fixation and release in the dark averaged 26% of the total 14C fixed in the dark. These data imply that the organic carbon released by these cyanobacteria may not be quantitatively important to the host.
Marine Biology, Oct 31, 1997
The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodiniu... more The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the symbiont of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, S. kawagutii, the symbiont of the Indo-Pacific stony coral Montipora verrucosa, and S. pilosum, the symbiont of the Caribbean zoanthld Zoanthus sociatus. Photosynthetic responses were characterized in terms of cellular pigment content, photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) relationships, and number and size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU). Analyses of the responses under 2 Light regimes of 40 and 250 p 0 1 quanta m-' S-' indicate that: (1) the 3 different species cultured under identical conditions possess different photosynthetic characteristics; (2) the 3 species acclimate to low photon flux density by simultaneously increasing the number and size of their PSU; (3) PSU characteristics were not correlated with the parameters of their respechve P-lcurves; (4) the 3 species analyzed have different photoacclimatory capabilities which can be correlated with their respective ecological distribution as endosymbionts. As different species demonstrate characteristic responses, photo-acclunatory adjustment in symbiotic dinoflagellates may be under genetic constraints, and thus may represent photo-adaptation (sensu 0. Bjorkman). As a whole, the results suggest that symbiont photo-adaptation may constitute an important axis of niche diversification for the intact associations.
Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami-
Abstract: The endozoic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium (= Gymnodinium) microadriaticum (Freudenthal) ... more Abstract: The endozoic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium (= Gymnodinium) microadriaticum (Freudenthal) was isolated from six coral reef-dwelling invertebrates: Aiptasia tagetes, A. pallida, Bartholomea annulata, Cassiopeia xamachana, C. frondosa, and Tridacna gigas. ...
Biological Bulletin, 2001
Light and transmission electron microscopy of tissues of the symbiotic clam Corculum cardissa (L)... more Light and transmission electron microscopy of tissues of the symbiotic clam Corculum cardissa (L) showed that a symbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium corculorum (Trench), is found predominantly in the mantle and the gills. The data suggest that in C. cardissa the algae are located in a zooxanthellal tubular system that is associated with the hemocoel and is similar to that seen in tridacnine ("giant") clams. The algae occur within the lumen of the tertiary tubules and are thus separated from the hemolymph by a tissue that is one cell layer thick. Under a light microscope the tertiary tubules appear as rows of symbionts originating from the digestive diverticulum, presumably branching from the primary tubules that are also seen in symbiotic tridacnine clams. This morphological arrangement is discussed with regard to the ontogeny and the evolution of the tubular system within symbiotic bivalves.
The Journal of Cell Biology, 1969
The marine gastropod molluscs Tridachia crispata, Tridachiella diomedea, and Placobranchus iantho... more The marine gastropod molluscs Tridachia crispata, Tridachiella diomedea, and Placobranchus ianthobapsus (Sacoglossa, Opisthobranchia) possess free functional chloroplasts within the cells of the digestive diverticula, as determined by observations on ultrastructure, pigment analyses, and experiments on photosynthetic capacity . In the light, the chloroplasts incorporate H 14CO3 in situ . Reduced radiocarbon is translocated to various chloroplast-free tissues in the animals . The slugs feed on siphonaceous algae from which the chloroplasts are derived . Pigments from the slugs and from known siphonaceous algae, when separated chromatographically and compared, showed similar components . Absorption spectra of extracts of slugs and algae were very similar . The larvae of the slugs are pigment-free up to the postveliger stage, suggesting that chloroplasts are acquired de novo . with each new generation . possess chloroplasts in the cells of their digestive diverticula, and that these chloroplasts are functional in the sense that they photosynthetically fix 14 CO 2 and release the products of photosynthesis to the animal tissues . The chloroplasts may be maintained in a functional state for relatively extended periods of time . Evidence that the structures in the animals are chloroplasts is drawn from their ultrastructure and from a comparative study of pigments in the animals and pigments in known siphonaceous algae . FIGURE 9 Radioautograph (unstained) of a section through the gut of T . crispata after 300 min of photosynthesis . Most of the label appears over the folded gut epithelium . Approximately X 150.
Science, 1985
Morphometric analyses based on three-dimensional reconstruction of the nuclei of four different s... more Morphometric analyses based on three-dimensional reconstruction of the nuclei of four different strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the algae that inhabit corals, giant clams, and other marine invertebrates, revealed marked differences in chromosome numbers and chromosome volumes. The differences are not consistent with different ploidy states within the same species, but can most easily be interpreted as indicating different species.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1990
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1983
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1991
The water-soluble peridinin--chlorophyll a--proteins (sPCP) from three symbiotic dinoflagellates,... more The water-soluble peridinin--chlorophyll a--proteins (sPCP) from three symbiotic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, S. kawagutii and S. pilosum, have been analysed for their quaternary structure (by using immunoblotting techniques) and spectroscopic characteristics (by using absorption and fluorescence spectra). The sPCP from S. kawagutii is comprised exclusively of a monomeric apoprotein of 35 kDa, whereas sPCP from S. pilosum possesses only a dimeric
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992
Elevated temperature (28-WC) has been hypothesized as the primary cause of the loss of algal endo... more Elevated temperature (28-WC) has been hypothesized as the primary cause of the loss of algal endosymbionts in coral reef-associated invertebrates, a phenomenon observed on a world-wide scale over the last decade. In past studies of this "bleaching" phenomenon, there has been an underlying assumption that temperature adversely affects the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1993
... reported efforts of isolation of membrane-bound Chl-protein complexes, resulted in a loss of ... more ... reported efforts of isolation of membrane-bound Chl-protein complexes, resulted in a loss of energy ... The absorption spectrum of the photosystem I (PS I)-enriched fraction III shows (figure 4a) two ... nm 400 440 480 520 560 wavelength / nm 600 Figure 3. Fraction II, acpPC, from ...
Marine Biotechnology, 1999
: In the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrog... more : In the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+-GPD) is believed to be the enzyme controlling the synthesis of glycerol in osmotically challenged cells. Consistent with this concept, immunoblot analyses demonstrated quantitative increases in NAD+-GPD 30 minutes after the addition of NaCl to actively growing D. hansenii cells; Northern blot analyses showed increases in GPD-messenger RNA within 15 minutes after the addition of salt. There appears to be an upper limit of salt concentration above which the cells appear to be less responsive. The results we describe support the concept of transcriptional regulation of NAD+-GPD in D. hansenii.
Marine Biology, 1997
The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodiniu... more The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the symbiont of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, S. kawagutii, the symbiont of the Indo-Pacific stony coral Montipora verrucosa, and S. pilosum, the symbiont of the Caribbean zoanthld Zoanthus sociatus. Photosynthetic responses were characterized in terms of cellular pigment content, photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) relationships, and number and size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU). Analyses of the responses under 2 Light regimes of 40 and 250 p 0 1 quanta m-' S-' indicate that: (1) the 3 different species cultured under identical conditions possess different photosynthetic characteristics; (2) the 3 species acclimate to low photon flux density by simultaneously increasing the number and size of their PSU; (3) PSU characteristics were not correlated with the parameters of their respechve P-lcurves; (4) the 3 species analyzed have different photoacclimatory capabilities which can be correlated with their respective ecological distribution as endosymbionts. As different species demonstrate characteristic responses, photo-acclunatory adjustment in symbiotic dinoflagellates may be under genetic constraints, and thus may represent photo-adaptation (sensu 0. Bjorkman). As a whole, the results suggest that symbiont photo-adaptation may constitute an important axis of niche diversification for the intact associations.
The effectsofirradiance level and size on the rate ofO2 evolution and consumption was examined in... more The effectsofirradiance level and size on the rate ofO2 evolution and consumption was examined in Tridacna gigas using an oxygen electrode. Seven photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) curves were generated for intact clams ranging from 1 to 23 cm in shell length. Both alpha and P@ decreased with increasing size of the clam. Oxygen evolution at 1000 @iE . m2 @ s@
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1970
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences, 1990
The Biological Bulletin, Dec 1, 1980
NaH14CO3 demonstrated a high photosynthetic capacity (up to 3.7 p.gC@(p.g Chlorophyll a)@ . hr1) ... more NaH14CO3 demonstrated a high photosynthetic capacity (up to 3.7 p.gC@(p.g Chlorophyll a)@ . hr1) . In vitro these cyanobacteria release a maximum of 7% of the ‘¿ @C they fix in the light. Dark fixation was found to be maximally 3% of light fixation and release in the dark averaged 26% of the total 14C fixed in the dark. These data imply that the organic carbon released by these cyanobacteria may not be quantitatively important to the host.
Marine Biology, Oct 31, 1997
The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodiniu... more The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the symbiont of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, S. kawagutii, the symbiont of the Indo-Pacific stony coral Montipora verrucosa, and S. pilosum, the symbiont of the Caribbean zoanthld Zoanthus sociatus. Photosynthetic responses were characterized in terms of cellular pigment content, photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) relationships, and number and size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU). Analyses of the responses under 2 Light regimes of 40 and 250 p 0 1 quanta m-' S-' indicate that: (1) the 3 different species cultured under identical conditions possess different photosynthetic characteristics; (2) the 3 species acclimate to low photon flux density by simultaneously increasing the number and size of their PSU; (3) PSU characteristics were not correlated with the parameters of their respechve P-lcurves; (4) the 3 species analyzed have different photoacclimatory capabilities which can be correlated with their respective ecological distribution as endosymbionts. As different species demonstrate characteristic responses, photo-acclunatory adjustment in symbiotic dinoflagellates may be under genetic constraints, and thus may represent photo-adaptation (sensu 0. Bjorkman). As a whole, the results suggest that symbiont photo-adaptation may constitute an important axis of niche diversification for the intact associations.
Bulletin of Marine Science -Miami-
Abstract: The endozoic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium (= Gymnodinium) microadriaticum (Freudenthal) ... more Abstract: The endozoic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium (= Gymnodinium) microadriaticum (Freudenthal) was isolated from six coral reef-dwelling invertebrates: Aiptasia tagetes, A. pallida, Bartholomea annulata, Cassiopeia xamachana, C. frondosa, and Tridacna gigas. ...
Biological Bulletin, 2001
Light and transmission electron microscopy of tissues of the symbiotic clam Corculum cardissa (L)... more Light and transmission electron microscopy of tissues of the symbiotic clam Corculum cardissa (L) showed that a symbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium corculorum (Trench), is found predominantly in the mantle and the gills. The data suggest that in C. cardissa the algae are located in a zooxanthellal tubular system that is associated with the hemocoel and is similar to that seen in tridacnine ("giant") clams. The algae occur within the lumen of the tertiary tubules and are thus separated from the hemolymph by a tissue that is one cell layer thick. Under a light microscope the tertiary tubules appear as rows of symbionts originating from the digestive diverticulum, presumably branching from the primary tubules that are also seen in symbiotic tridacnine clams. This morphological arrangement is discussed with regard to the ontogeny and the evolution of the tubular system within symbiotic bivalves.
The Journal of Cell Biology, 1969
The marine gastropod molluscs Tridachia crispata, Tridachiella diomedea, and Placobranchus iantho... more The marine gastropod molluscs Tridachia crispata, Tridachiella diomedea, and Placobranchus ianthobapsus (Sacoglossa, Opisthobranchia) possess free functional chloroplasts within the cells of the digestive diverticula, as determined by observations on ultrastructure, pigment analyses, and experiments on photosynthetic capacity . In the light, the chloroplasts incorporate H 14CO3 in situ . Reduced radiocarbon is translocated to various chloroplast-free tissues in the animals . The slugs feed on siphonaceous algae from which the chloroplasts are derived . Pigments from the slugs and from known siphonaceous algae, when separated chromatographically and compared, showed similar components . Absorption spectra of extracts of slugs and algae were very similar . The larvae of the slugs are pigment-free up to the postveliger stage, suggesting that chloroplasts are acquired de novo . with each new generation . possess chloroplasts in the cells of their digestive diverticula, and that these chloroplasts are functional in the sense that they photosynthetically fix 14 CO 2 and release the products of photosynthesis to the animal tissues . The chloroplasts may be maintained in a functional state for relatively extended periods of time . Evidence that the structures in the animals are chloroplasts is drawn from their ultrastructure and from a comparative study of pigments in the animals and pigments in known siphonaceous algae . FIGURE 9 Radioautograph (unstained) of a section through the gut of T . crispata after 300 min of photosynthesis . Most of the label appears over the folded gut epithelium . Approximately X 150.
Science, 1985
Morphometric analyses based on three-dimensional reconstruction of the nuclei of four different s... more Morphometric analyses based on three-dimensional reconstruction of the nuclei of four different strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the algae that inhabit corals, giant clams, and other marine invertebrates, revealed marked differences in chromosome numbers and chromosome volumes. The differences are not consistent with different ploidy states within the same species, but can most easily be interpreted as indicating different species.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1990
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1983
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1991
The water-soluble peridinin--chlorophyll a--proteins (sPCP) from three symbiotic dinoflagellates,... more The water-soluble peridinin--chlorophyll a--proteins (sPCP) from three symbiotic dinoflagellates, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, S. kawagutii and S. pilosum, have been analysed for their quaternary structure (by using immunoblotting techniques) and spectroscopic characteristics (by using absorption and fluorescence spectra). The sPCP from S. kawagutii is comprised exclusively of a monomeric apoprotein of 35 kDa, whereas sPCP from S. pilosum possesses only a dimeric
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992
Elevated temperature (28-WC) has been hypothesized as the primary cause of the loss of algal endo... more Elevated temperature (28-WC) has been hypothesized as the primary cause of the loss of algal endosymbionts in coral reef-associated invertebrates, a phenomenon observed on a world-wide scale over the last decade. In past studies of this "bleaching" phenomenon, there has been an underlying assumption that temperature adversely affects the
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1993
... reported efforts of isolation of membrane-bound Chl-protein complexes, resulted in a loss of ... more ... reported efforts of isolation of membrane-bound Chl-protein complexes, resulted in a loss of energy ... The absorption spectrum of the photosystem I (PS I)-enriched fraction III shows (figure 4a) two ... nm 400 440 480 520 560 wavelength / nm 600 Figure 3. Fraction II, acpPC, from ...
Marine Biotechnology, 1999
: In the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrog... more : In the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+-GPD) is believed to be the enzyme controlling the synthesis of glycerol in osmotically challenged cells. Consistent with this concept, immunoblot analyses demonstrated quantitative increases in NAD+-GPD 30 minutes after the addition of NaCl to actively growing D. hansenii cells; Northern blot analyses showed increases in GPD-messenger RNA within 15 minutes after the addition of salt. There appears to be an upper limit of salt concentration above which the cells appear to be less responsive. The results we describe support the concept of transcriptional regulation of NAD+-GPD in D. hansenii.
Marine Biology, 1997
The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodiniu... more The photosynthetic responses to variations in photon flux density were determined for Symbiodinium microadriaticum, the symbiont of the Caribbean jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, S. kawagutii, the symbiont of the Indo-Pacific stony coral Montipora verrucosa, and S. pilosum, the symbiont of the Caribbean zoanthld Zoanthus sociatus. Photosynthetic responses were characterized in terms of cellular pigment content, photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) relationships, and number and size of the photosynthetic unit (PSU). Analyses of the responses under 2 Light regimes of 40 and 250 p 0 1 quanta m-' S-' indicate that: (1) the 3 different species cultured under identical conditions possess different photosynthetic characteristics; (2) the 3 species acclimate to low photon flux density by simultaneously increasing the number and size of their PSU; (3) PSU characteristics were not correlated with the parameters of their respechve P-lcurves; (4) the 3 species analyzed have different photoacclimatory capabilities which can be correlated with their respective ecological distribution as endosymbionts. As different species demonstrate characteristic responses, photo-acclunatory adjustment in symbiotic dinoflagellates may be under genetic constraints, and thus may represent photo-adaptation (sensu 0. Bjorkman). As a whole, the results suggest that symbiont photo-adaptation may constitute an important axis of niche diversification for the intact associations.