Robert Weisell - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Weisell
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Sep 1, 2012
Background. Knowledge of the amount and quality of food consumed by a population is essential in ... more Background. Knowledge of the amount and quality of food consumed by a population is essential in determining the adequacy of the food availability and supply. Since its founding, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has developed methods for determining food availability and consumption that may be useful to other investigators. Objective. Based on FAO's 60 years of experience in conducting Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES), to explain and demonstrate the advantages and use of the Adult Male Equivalent (AME) and Equivalent Nutrition Unit (ENU) concepts. Methods. The important factors related to the AME and ENU, such as energy requirements, size and composition of the food consumer unit, and attendance at meals, are explained through the examples of two hypothetical families: a family consisting of a father, a mother, a 12-year old daughter, and a 3-year old son plus an adult guest; and a family consisting of a single mother, a 10-year old son, and two daughters, 6 and 4 years of age. The reader is guided through the steps in calculating the AME and ENU. Results. The various scenarios of the composition, size, and attendance at meals of the consumer unit show that the calculated food energy adequacy can range from +2% to-29%. Conclusions. Care and attention must be given to correctly attributing the consumers of the food intake measured or estimated. In addition, use of these concepts allows for a valid comparison of food consumption units of various sizes and compositions.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Aug 1, 2002
The FAO Food Balance Sheets include 445 food items, some of which are summarizations of many food... more The FAO Food Balance Sheets include 445 food items, some of which are summarizations of many foods, for 188 countries. The energy, protein, fat and refuse values used for calculating the nutrient supplies are presently being completely revised and the coverage of nutrients is being enlarged by including selected minerals (calcium and iron) and selected vitamins (retinol, beta carotene equivalent,
Public Health Nutrition, 2005
ObjectiveHousehold budget survey (HBS) data are used regularly for nutritional epidemiological pu... more ObjectiveHousehold budget survey (HBS) data are used regularly for nutritional epidemiological purposes. The validity of HBS data, however, is not well established. The aim of this project was to compare HBS and individual nutrition survey (INS) data in a nationally representative sample of Polish households.DesignEstimates of food consumption and nutrient intake were compared between household food acquisition data collected over 1 month and a single 24-hour recall collected from every household member in a nationally representative sample of Polish households surveyed between September and November 2000. To facilitate the comparison, INS food consumption data excluded food eaten away from home and were modified using a computer program to estimate food ‘as purchased’ (including disaggregation of recipe data) and to allow for wastage.SettingPoland.SubjectsParticipants were 3716 individuals in 1215 households (representing co-operation rates of 86.2% and 89.2%, respectively).Results...
Food, nutrition and agriculture, 1995
Food, nutrition and agriculture, 1991
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1970
![Research paper thumbnail of Remembering Prakash Sarvotham Shetty MD, PhD, FRCP [1943–2018]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107642505/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
The Journal of Nutrition, 2016
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing prot... more The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing protein quality in human foods since 1991, and the shortcomings of using the PDCAAS have been recognized since its adoption. The 2011 FAO Expert Consultation recognized that the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was superior to the PDCAAS for determining protein quality. However, there were insufficient human data on amino acid digestibility before adopting the DIAAS. More human data were needed before DIAAS could be implemented. In 2014, FAO convened an expert working group to propose and agree on research protocols using both human-based assays and animal models to study ileal amino acid digestibility (metabolic availability) of human foods. The working group identified 5 research protocols for further research and development. A robust database of protein digestibility of foods commonly consumed worldwide, including those consumed in low-income countries, is needed for an informed decision on adopting the DIAAS. A review on the impacts of using the DIAAS on public health policies is necessary. It would be advantageous to have a global coordinating effort to advance research and data collection. Collaboration with international and national agriculture institutes is desirable. Opportunities should be provided for young researchers, particularly those from developing countries, to engage in protein-quality research for sustainable implementation of DIAAS. To conclude, the DIAAS is a conceptually preferable method compared with the PDCAAS for protein and amino acid quality evaluation. However, the complete value of the DIAAS and its impact on public health nutrition cannot be realized until there are sufficient accumulated ileal amino acid digestibility data on human foods that are consumed in different nutritional and environmental conditions, measured by competent authorities. A future meeting may be needed to evaluate the size and quality of the data set and to determine the timeline for full adoption and implementation of the DIAAS.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 1994
Patterns and trends in the body composition of Chinese adults are studied with data from the 1982... more Patterns and trends in the body composition of Chinese adults are studied with data from the 1982 China Nationwide Nutrition Survey (CNS-82) and the 1989 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS-89). The CNS-82 showed rural inhabitants were approximately 3 kg lighter than urban residents and approximately 2.2 cm shorter. Males were heavier (55.2 +/- 7.4 vs 50.7 +/- 8.0 kg) and taller (165.3 +/- 7.3 and 153.5 +/- 6.3 cm). Using a cut-off for underweight of a body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) < 18.5 and for obesity of > 25, 11.6% and 12.9% of the urban and rural sample were underweight and 9.8% and 6.9% respectively were overweight. The CHNS-89 surveyed 5138 adults aged 20-45 in eight selected provinces. The proportion of underweight in both urban and rural samples declined slightly (approximately 1.3%) but the proportion of obesity increased considerably (4.8% for the urban sample and 2% for the rural one). Increased income was significantly associated with reduced low body mass inde...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014
Pregnancy and the first two years of life are periods of rapid growth and yet the knowledge of re... more Pregnancy and the first two years of life are periods of rapid growth and yet the knowledge of requirements for protein and dietary indispensable amino acids is very limited. The development of carbon oxidation methods opens the way to studies that should fill these important gaps in knowledge.
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002
Undernutrition and hunger have always formed the foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organisat... more Undernutrition and hunger have always formed the foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) mandate. Working in collaboration with the International Dietary Energy Consultative Group (IDECG), FAO began to examine both appropriate cut‐off points of the body mass index (BMI) at the lower end of the spectrum and the functional consequences of low BMI (<16.0 = Category III Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED); 16.0 − 16.9 = Category II CED; 17.0 − 18.4 = Category I CED). Over the past decade FAO has recognized the growing obesity epidemic occurring not only in the developed world but also among all income and socio‐economic groups of the developing world. In response, FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) have collaborated together in joint initiatives. Following the WHO 1998 Obesity Consultation on Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, a number of regions examined their individual situation regarding obesity. In looking at the BMI risk‐based cut‐off poin...
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1970
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2009
Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. ... more Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, World Health Organization World Health Organization, 2003.
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing prot... more The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing protein quality in human foods since 1991, and the shortcomings of using the PDCAAS have been recognized since its adoption. The 2011 FAO Expert Consultation recognized that the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was superior to the PDCAAS for determining protein quality. However, there were insufficient human data on amino acid digestibility before adopting the DIAAS. More human data were needed before DIAAS could be implemented. In 2014, FAO convened an expert working group to propose and agree on research protocols using both human-based assays and animal models to study ileal amino acid digestibility (metabolic availability) of human foods. The working group identified 5 research protocols for further research and development. A robust database of protein digestibility of foods commonly consumed worldwide, including those consumed in low-income countries, is needed for an ...
Les groupes et reunions d'experts jouent un role crucial dans l'examen par la FAO de cert... more Les groupes et reunions d'experts jouent un role crucial dans l'examen par la FAO de certaines questions scientifiques. Parmi celles-ci, l'evaluation des besoins en macro- et micronutriments, dont la Consultation d'experts sur l'energie dans la nutrition humaine et la Consultation sur les acides amines dans la nutrition humaine sont les deux exemples les plus recents. Le present article retrace l'historique de ces examens depuis 1949, en mettant en lumiere les points saillants et les principaux changements survenus au fil des annees. Tout au long de l'histoire de la FAO, d'importants changements se sont produits qui ont affecte le processus traditionnel d'examen scientifique. Lorsque la FAO a ete creee, il existait moins de nutritionnistes et relativement moins d'informations sur la nutrition. L'information disponible provenait des regions developpees du monde et avait ete obtenue principalement en laboratoire. Ces limitations n'ont pa...
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Sep 1, 2012
Background. Knowledge of the amount and quality of food consumed by a population is essential in ... more Background. Knowledge of the amount and quality of food consumed by a population is essential in determining the adequacy of the food availability and supply. Since its founding, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has developed methods for determining food availability and consumption that may be useful to other investigators. Objective. Based on FAO's 60 years of experience in conducting Household Consumption and Expenditures Surveys (HCES), to explain and demonstrate the advantages and use of the Adult Male Equivalent (AME) and Equivalent Nutrition Unit (ENU) concepts. Methods. The important factors related to the AME and ENU, such as energy requirements, size and composition of the food consumer unit, and attendance at meals, are explained through the examples of two hypothetical families: a family consisting of a father, a mother, a 12-year old daughter, and a 3-year old son plus an adult guest; and a family consisting of a single mother, a 10-year old son, and two daughters, 6 and 4 years of age. The reader is guided through the steps in calculating the AME and ENU. Results. The various scenarios of the composition, size, and attendance at meals of the consumer unit show that the calculated food energy adequacy can range from +2% to-29%. Conclusions. Care and attention must be given to correctly attributing the consumers of the food intake measured or estimated. In addition, use of these concepts allows for a valid comparison of food consumption units of various sizes and compositions.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Aug 1, 2002
The FAO Food Balance Sheets include 445 food items, some of which are summarizations of many food... more The FAO Food Balance Sheets include 445 food items, some of which are summarizations of many foods, for 188 countries. The energy, protein, fat and refuse values used for calculating the nutrient supplies are presently being completely revised and the coverage of nutrients is being enlarged by including selected minerals (calcium and iron) and selected vitamins (retinol, beta carotene equivalent,
Public Health Nutrition, 2005
ObjectiveHousehold budget survey (HBS) data are used regularly for nutritional epidemiological pu... more ObjectiveHousehold budget survey (HBS) data are used regularly for nutritional epidemiological purposes. The validity of HBS data, however, is not well established. The aim of this project was to compare HBS and individual nutrition survey (INS) data in a nationally representative sample of Polish households.DesignEstimates of food consumption and nutrient intake were compared between household food acquisition data collected over 1 month and a single 24-hour recall collected from every household member in a nationally representative sample of Polish households surveyed between September and November 2000. To facilitate the comparison, INS food consumption data excluded food eaten away from home and were modified using a computer program to estimate food ‘as purchased’ (including disaggregation of recipe data) and to allow for wastage.SettingPoland.SubjectsParticipants were 3716 individuals in 1215 households (representing co-operation rates of 86.2% and 89.2%, respectively).Results...
Food, nutrition and agriculture, 1995
Food, nutrition and agriculture, 1991
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1970
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018
The Journal of Nutrition, 2016
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing prot... more The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing protein quality in human foods since 1991, and the shortcomings of using the PDCAAS have been recognized since its adoption. The 2011 FAO Expert Consultation recognized that the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was superior to the PDCAAS for determining protein quality. However, there were insufficient human data on amino acid digestibility before adopting the DIAAS. More human data were needed before DIAAS could be implemented. In 2014, FAO convened an expert working group to propose and agree on research protocols using both human-based assays and animal models to study ileal amino acid digestibility (metabolic availability) of human foods. The working group identified 5 research protocols for further research and development. A robust database of protein digestibility of foods commonly consumed worldwide, including those consumed in low-income countries, is needed for an informed decision on adopting the DIAAS. A review on the impacts of using the DIAAS on public health policies is necessary. It would be advantageous to have a global coordinating effort to advance research and data collection. Collaboration with international and national agriculture institutes is desirable. Opportunities should be provided for young researchers, particularly those from developing countries, to engage in protein-quality research for sustainable implementation of DIAAS. To conclude, the DIAAS is a conceptually preferable method compared with the PDCAAS for protein and amino acid quality evaluation. However, the complete value of the DIAAS and its impact on public health nutrition cannot be realized until there are sufficient accumulated ileal amino acid digestibility data on human foods that are consumed in different nutritional and environmental conditions, measured by competent authorities. A future meeting may be needed to evaluate the size and quality of the data set and to determine the timeline for full adoption and implementation of the DIAAS.
European journal of clinical nutrition, 1994
Patterns and trends in the body composition of Chinese adults are studied with data from the 1982... more Patterns and trends in the body composition of Chinese adults are studied with data from the 1982 China Nationwide Nutrition Survey (CNS-82) and the 1989 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS-89). The CNS-82 showed rural inhabitants were approximately 3 kg lighter than urban residents and approximately 2.2 cm shorter. Males were heavier (55.2 +/- 7.4 vs 50.7 +/- 8.0 kg) and taller (165.3 +/- 7.3 and 153.5 +/- 6.3 cm). Using a cut-off for underweight of a body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) < 18.5 and for obesity of > 25, 11.6% and 12.9% of the urban and rural sample were underweight and 9.8% and 6.9% respectively were overweight. The CHNS-89 surveyed 5138 adults aged 20-45 in eight selected provinces. The proportion of underweight in both urban and rural samples declined slightly (approximately 1.3%) but the proportion of obesity increased considerably (4.8% for the urban sample and 2% for the rural one). Increased income was significantly associated with reduced low body mass inde...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014
Pregnancy and the first two years of life are periods of rapid growth and yet the knowledge of re... more Pregnancy and the first two years of life are periods of rapid growth and yet the knowledge of requirements for protein and dietary indispensable amino acids is very limited. The development of carbon oxidation methods opens the way to studies that should fill these important gaps in knowledge.
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002
Undernutrition and hunger have always formed the foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organisat... more Undernutrition and hunger have always formed the foundation of the Food and Agriculture Organisation's (FAO) mandate. Working in collaboration with the International Dietary Energy Consultative Group (IDECG), FAO began to examine both appropriate cut‐off points of the body mass index (BMI) at the lower end of the spectrum and the functional consequences of low BMI (<16.0 = Category III Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED); 16.0 − 16.9 = Category II CED; 17.0 − 18.4 = Category I CED). Over the past decade FAO has recognized the growing obesity epidemic occurring not only in the developed world but also among all income and socio‐economic groups of the developing world. In response, FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) have collaborated together in joint initiatives. Following the WHO 1998 Obesity Consultation on Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, a number of regions examined their individual situation regarding obesity. In looking at the BMI risk‐based cut‐off poin...
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1970
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2009
Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. ... more Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and Prevention of Chronic Diseases, World Health Organization World Health Organization, 2003.
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing prot... more The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) has been adopted for assessing protein quality in human foods since 1991, and the shortcomings of using the PDCAAS have been recognized since its adoption. The 2011 FAO Expert Consultation recognized that the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) was superior to the PDCAAS for determining protein quality. However, there were insufficient human data on amino acid digestibility before adopting the DIAAS. More human data were needed before DIAAS could be implemented. In 2014, FAO convened an expert working group to propose and agree on research protocols using both human-based assays and animal models to study ileal amino acid digestibility (metabolic availability) of human foods. The working group identified 5 research protocols for further research and development. A robust database of protein digestibility of foods commonly consumed worldwide, including those consumed in low-income countries, is needed for an ...
Les groupes et reunions d'experts jouent un role crucial dans l'examen par la FAO de cert... more Les groupes et reunions d'experts jouent un role crucial dans l'examen par la FAO de certaines questions scientifiques. Parmi celles-ci, l'evaluation des besoins en macro- et micronutriments, dont la Consultation d'experts sur l'energie dans la nutrition humaine et la Consultation sur les acides amines dans la nutrition humaine sont les deux exemples les plus recents. Le present article retrace l'historique de ces examens depuis 1949, en mettant en lumiere les points saillants et les principaux changements survenus au fil des annees. Tout au long de l'histoire de la FAO, d'importants changements se sont produits qui ont affecte le processus traditionnel d'examen scientifique. Lorsque la FAO a ete creee, il existait moins de nutritionnistes et relativement moins d'informations sur la nutrition. L'information disponible provenait des regions developpees du monde et avait ete obtenue principalement en laboratoire. Ces limitations n'ont pa...