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In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is d... more In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is described. Thus the techniques of photothermal and concentration gradient induced beam deflection, photoacoustic spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry are described as applied to the study of thin films, skin and diffusion through membranes. Techniques for the measurement of thermal diffusivity in thin polymer films and skin are also described. Their theoretical basis for application is discussed together with the limitations of each technique. Finally the future development of photothermal techniques for these applications is assessed.
Lab on a Chip, 2017
An asymmetric nanofluidic grating is shown to enable simple, robust, and fully differential measu... more An asymmetric nanofluidic grating is shown to enable simple, robust, and fully differential measurements of refractive index or of surface-adsorbed layers of biomolecules through interferometry.
The Analyst, 1995
The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescen... more The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescent method of detection is reported. The Mn2+ ion is determined with high sensitivity and selectivity by exploiting the Mn2+ catalysis of the luminous oxidation of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane by dissolved O2 in alkaline solution. This reaction is sensitized by Eosin Y, and further enhanced by means of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide bilayer vesicles. The limit of detection for this reagent scheme is 4.5 ppb. A reaction ...
British Journal of Pharmacology, 1972
1. We have examined the central actions of clonidine (2-(2-6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hy... more 1. We have examined the central actions of clonidine (2-(2-6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride). It has been confirmed that when infused into the vertebral artery at 2 ug/min, it caused a decrease in blood pressure and a slight increase in heart rate. The same dose given intravenously or into the carotid artery had no effect. 2. Intravertebral clonidine also greatly reduced the reflex response to carotid occlusion and the effects of an intravertebral infusion of angiotensin (1 ng/kg)/ min. 3. This central action of clonidine was antagonized by the adrenergic neurone blocking drug bethanidine (4-5 mg/kg intravenously) even after the cervical cord had been transected at C4-C6 suggesting that bethanidine also has central actions. 4. Other drugs which also antagonized the central effects of clonidine were guanethidine (4-5 mg/kg intravenously), bretylium (10 mg/kg intravenously) and phentolamine (0-2 mg/kg intravenously). 5. It is suggested that there are central adrenergic neurones which inhibit cardiovascular autonomic reflexes and that the central autonomic effects of clonidine are due to stimulation of inhibitory adrenoceptors. The antagonism by adrenergic neurone blocking drugs of the effect of clonidine could therefore be due to blockade of these inhibitory pathways. 6. The central action of clonidine could only be demonstrated when a high concentration was infused into the vertebral artery and could not be shown with oral doses of (20 tg/kg)/day for seven days. It is concluded that the hypotensive action of therapeutic doses is unlikely to be due to the central action of clonidine.
The Analyst, 1998
In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is d... more In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is described. Thus the techniques of photothermal and concentration gradient induced beam deflection, photoacoustic spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry are described as applied to the study of thin films, skin and diffusion through membranes. Techniques for the measurement of thermal diffusivity in thin polymer films and skin are also described. Their theoretical basis for application is discussed together with the limitations of each technique. Finally the future development of photothermal techniques for these applications is assessed.
The Analyst, 1995
The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescen... more The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescent method of detection is reported. The Mn2+ ion is determined with high sensitivity and selectivity by exploiting the Mn2+ catalysis of the luminous oxidation of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane by dissolved O2 in alkaline solution. This reaction is sensitized by Eosin Y, and further enhanced by means of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide bilayer vesicles. The limit of detection for this reagent scheme is 4.5 ppb. A reaction ...
In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is d... more In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is described. Thus the techniques of photothermal and concentration gradient induced beam deflection, photoacoustic spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry are described as applied to the study of thin films, skin and diffusion through membranes. Techniques for the measurement of thermal diffusivity in thin polymer films and skin are also described. Their theoretical basis for application is discussed together with the limitations of each technique. Finally the future development of photothermal techniques for these applications is assessed.
Lab on a Chip, 2017
An asymmetric nanofluidic grating is shown to enable simple, robust, and fully differential measu... more An asymmetric nanofluidic grating is shown to enable simple, robust, and fully differential measurements of refractive index or of surface-adsorbed layers of biomolecules through interferometry.
The Analyst, 1995
The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescen... more The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescent method of detection is reported. The Mn2+ ion is determined with high sensitivity and selectivity by exploiting the Mn2+ catalysis of the luminous oxidation of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane by dissolved O2 in alkaline solution. This reaction is sensitized by Eosin Y, and further enhanced by means of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide bilayer vesicles. The limit of detection for this reagent scheme is 4.5 ppb. A reaction ...
British Journal of Pharmacology, 1972
1. We have examined the central actions of clonidine (2-(2-6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hy... more 1. We have examined the central actions of clonidine (2-(2-6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride). It has been confirmed that when infused into the vertebral artery at 2 ug/min, it caused a decrease in blood pressure and a slight increase in heart rate. The same dose given intravenously or into the carotid artery had no effect. 2. Intravertebral clonidine also greatly reduced the reflex response to carotid occlusion and the effects of an intravertebral infusion of angiotensin (1 ng/kg)/ min. 3. This central action of clonidine was antagonized by the adrenergic neurone blocking drug bethanidine (4-5 mg/kg intravenously) even after the cervical cord had been transected at C4-C6 suggesting that bethanidine also has central actions. 4. Other drugs which also antagonized the central effects of clonidine were guanethidine (4-5 mg/kg intravenously), bretylium (10 mg/kg intravenously) and phentolamine (0-2 mg/kg intravenously). 5. It is suggested that there are central adrenergic neurones which inhibit cardiovascular autonomic reflexes and that the central autonomic effects of clonidine are due to stimulation of inhibitory adrenoceptors. The antagonism by adrenergic neurone blocking drugs of the effect of clonidine could therefore be due to blockade of these inhibitory pathways. 6. The central action of clonidine could only be demonstrated when a high concentration was infused into the vertebral artery and could not be shown with oral doses of (20 tg/kg)/day for seven days. It is concluded that the hypotensive action of therapeutic doses is unlikely to be due to the central action of clonidine.
The Analyst, 1998
In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is d... more In this paper the application of photothermal techniques to membrane and interfacial studies is described. Thus the techniques of photothermal and concentration gradient induced beam deflection, photoacoustic spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry are described as applied to the study of thin films, skin and diffusion through membranes. Techniques for the measurement of thermal diffusivity in thin polymer films and skin are also described. Their theoretical basis for application is discussed together with the limitations of each technique. Finally the future development of photothermal techniques for these applications is assessed.
The Analyst, 1995
The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescen... more The determination of Mn2+ in aqueous solution using a flow injection system and a chemiluminescent method of detection is reported. The Mn2+ ion is determined with high sensitivity and selectivity by exploiting the Mn2+ catalysis of the luminous oxidation of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane by dissolved O2 in alkaline solution. This reaction is sensitized by Eosin Y, and further enhanced by means of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide bilayer vesicles. The limit of detection for this reagent scheme is 4.5 ppb. A reaction ...