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Evansia, 2019

Abstract. Twenty-five North American lichens are issued in this exsiccat series, numbers 151-175.... more Abstract. Twenty-five North American lichens are issued in this exsiccat series, numbers 151-175. In this fascicle, collections were made from nine states, including: Alaska (1), Arizona (3), California (2), Colorado (6), Idaho (1), Montana (4), Nevada (2), New Mexico (4), and Utah (2). Here, Thamnolia subuliformis (Ehrh.) W. L. Culb. (No. 173) is reported as a new species record for Utah.

Evansia, 2021

Twenty-five North American lichens are issued in Fascicle VIII of the "Anderson and Shushan: Lich... more Twenty-five North American lichens are issued in Fascicle VIII of the "Anderson and Shushan: Lichens of Western North America" series, numbers 176-200. This fascicle is comprised of material representing specimens from the Rhizoplaca melanophthalma aggregate, including the vagrant taxa R. arbuscula, R. haydenii, and R. idahoensis; two collections representing unattached forms in the R. porteri group-R. melanophthalma ssp. crispa and an erratic form of R. porteri; and two umbilicate saxicolous taxa, R. robusta and R. shushanii, the former described as new to science here. We also provide the first morphological description for R. shushanii, a species that was initially described based on diagnostic DNA sequence characters.

Madroño; a West American journal of botany, 2004

$Research paper thumbnail of \u3cem\u3eBromus tectorum\u3c/em\u3e Litter Alters Photosynthetic Characteristics of Biological Soil Crusts from a Semiarid Shrubland$

Invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum has increased the cover and connectivity of f... more Invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum has increased the cover and connectivity of fine litter in the sagebrush steppes of western North America. This litter tends to cover biological soil crusts, which could affect their metabolism and growth. To investigate this possible phenomenon, biological soil crusts dominated by either the moss Bryum argenteum or the lichen Diploschistes muscorum were covered with B.tectorum litter (litter treatment) or left uncovered (control treatment) and exposed to natural field conditions. After periods of five and ten months, we removed the litter and compared the photosynthetic performance of biological soil crusts from the two treatments. Litter induced photosynthetic changes in our samples. In bothB. argenteum and D. muscorum, biological soil crusts that had been covered with litter for ten months had lower rates of gross photosynthesis and lower chlorophyll content than control samples. Similarly in both biological soil crust types, li...

$Research paper thumbnail of \u3cem\u3eBromus tectorum\u3c/em\u3e Litter Alters Photosynthetic Characteristics of Biological Soil Crusts from a Semiarid Shrubland$

$Research paper thumbnail of A First Phylogenetic Assessment of \u3ci\u3eDictyonemo\u3c/i\u3e s.lat in Southwestern North America Reveals Three New Basidiolichens, Described in Honor James D. Lawrey$

Three species of lichenized basidiomycetes in the Dictyonema clade from southeastern North Americ... more Three species of lichenized basidiomycetes in the Dictyonema clade from southeastern North America are described as new to science: Cyphellostereum georgianum, C. jamesianum and Dictyonema lawreyi, all with a crustose-filamentous growth form. Based on ITS sequences, the species form well-supported monophyletic clades in a phylogeny and are represented by at least two specimens each. They are also distinguishable by morphological and anatomical characters. These new findings emphasize the importance of lichenological studies in North America, especially in historically understudied taxonomic groups, such as basidiolichens. This study is dedicated to James D. Lawrey on the occasion of his 70th birthda

$Research paper thumbnail of A First Phylogenetic Assessment of \u3ci\u3eDictyonemo\u3c/i\u3e s.lat in Southwestern North America Reveals Three New Basidiolichens, Described in Honor James D. Lawrey$

Evansia, 2021

Abstract. Based on field collections made during the summers of 1987, 1988, and 1989, we report 1... more Abstract. Based on field collections made during the summers of 1987, 1988, and 1989, we report 159 species of lichens in 69 genera for the Jarbidge Wilderness Area (JWA) and adjacent Forest Service lands, located in the northern Great Basin, USA. Specimens were collected at 25 sites, distributed across the JWA along with two additional sites north of the wilderness boundary on Forest Service land. Collections were made from all available substrates, including rocks, bark, lignum, mosses, soil, and from the thalli of various saxicolous lichens. All basic growth forms were found, especially crustose and foliose species. Umbilicate species (Dermatocarpon spp., Rhizoplaca spp., and Umbilicaria spp.) were commonly found on rocks, while a limited number of fruticose species (Letharia spp. and Bryoria spp.) were found on bark and lignum substrates. A single, fruticose species was found on rocks (Pseudephebe minuscula). Saxicolous substrates supported the richest lichen communities, follow...

Biodiversity of Fungi, 2004

... At Grass Mountain (Benton County) it occurs in a very wet old-growth Abies procera forest nea... more ... At Grass Mountain (Benton County) it occurs in a very wet old-growth Abies procera forest near the summit. Linda Geiser reports additional sites from the Siuslaw Na tional Forest in the Coast Range. Bryoria tenuis (Dahl) Brodo &amp;amp;amp; D. Hawksw.. ...

Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2021

Biological soil crusts (BSCs), or biocrusts, are composed of fungi, bacteria, algae, and bryophyt... more Biological soil crusts (BSCs), or biocrusts, are composed of fungi, bacteria, algae, and bryophytes (mosses, etc.) that occupy bare soil, entwining soil particles with filaments or rootlike structures and/or gluing them together with polysaccharide exudates to form a consolidated surface crust that stabilizes the soil against erosion. BSCs are common in arid and semiarid regions where vascular plant cover is naturally sparse, maximizing the exposure of surface-dwelling organisms to direct sunlight. Although less prominent and less studied there, BSC organisms are also present in more mesic areas such as the Great Plains where they can be found in shortgrass and mixed-grass prairie, in the badlands of several states, where burrowing animals have created patches of bare soil, on damaged road-cuts, strip-mines, gas and oil drill pads, military training areas, heavily grazed areas, and burn scars. Even where BSCs are not readily visible to the naked eye, many of the organisms are still present. BSC organisms are passively dispersed to the Great Plains as airborne organismal fragments, asexual diaspores, or sexual spores that accompany windblown dust from as far away as northern China and Mongolia. BSCs can best be studied and managed by 1) acknowledging their presence; 2) documenting their diversity, abundance, and functional roles; and 3) minimizing unnecessary disturbance, particularly when the soils are dry. This paper describes the current knowledge of Great Plains BSCs in an effort to heighten awareness of these cryptic but crucial ecosystem components and to encourage new research initiatives to better understand and manage them in this biome. Some specific actions may include refined taxonomic and ecologic studies of BSC organisms in underexplored areas, particularly those previously less or not recognized as BSC habitat, and incorporation of techniques to sample airborne organisms.

Exotic invasive plants threaten ecosystem integrity, and their success depends on a combination o... more Exotic invasive plants threaten ecosystem integrity, and their success depends on a combination of abiotic factors, disturbances, and interactions with existing communities. In dryland ecosystems, soil biocrusts (communities of lichens, bryophytes and microorganisms) can limit favorable microsites needed for invasive species establishment, but the relative importance of biocrusts for landscape-scale invasion patterns remains poorly understood. We examine effects of livestock grazing in habitats at high risk for invasion to test the hypothesis that disturbance indirectly favors exotic annual grasses by reducing biocrust cover. We present some of the first evidence that biocrusts increase site resistance to invasion at a landscape scale and mediate the effects of disturbance. Biocrust species richness, which is reduced by livestock grazing, also appears to promote native perennial grasses. Short mosses, as a functional group, appeared to be particularly valuable for preventing invasio...

Ecological Applications, 2021

Our manuscript "Grazing disturbance promotes exotic annual grasses by degrading soil biocrus... more Our manuscript "Grazing disturbance promotes exotic annual grasses by degrading soil biocrust communities" (Root et al. 2020) demonstrated that livestock grazing can promote exotic annual grasses indirectly through the disruption of biocrusts, which are disturbance-sensitive communities (Ponzetti & McCune 2001) that often cover the soil in arid and semi-arid ecosystems (Belnap et al. 2016). A recent Comment on our manuscript (O'Connor and Germino 2020) introduced the possibility that the relationships we explored may be modified with the consideration of fire history.

Plant and Fungal Systematics, 2019

Natural history collections, including name-bearing type specimens, are an important source of ge... more Natural history collections, including name-bearing type specimens, are an important source of genetic information. These data can be critical for appropriate taxonomic revisions in cases where the phylogenetic position of name-bearing type specimens needs to be identified, including morphologically cryptic lichen-forming fungal species. Here, we use high-throughput metagenomic shotgun sequencing to generate genome-scale data from decades-old (i.e., more than 30 years old) isotype specimens representing three vagrant taxa in the lichen-forming fungal genus Rhizoplaca, including one species and two subspecies. We also use data from high-throughput metagenomic shotgun sequencing to infer the phylogenetic position of an enigmatic collection, originally identified as R. haydenii, that failed to yield genetic data via Sanger sequencing. We were able to construct a 1.64 Mb alignment from over 1200 single-copy nuclear gene regions for the Rhizoplaca specimens. Phylogenomic reconstructions ...

Plant and Fungal Systematics, 2019

Ecological Applications, 2019

Evansia, 2019

Evansia, 2021

Madroño; a West American journal of botany, 2004

$Research paper thumbnail of \u3cem\u3eBromus tectorum\u3c/em\u3e Litter Alters Photosynthetic Characteristics of Biological Soil Crusts from a Semiarid Shrubland$

$Research paper thumbnail of A First Phylogenetic Assessment of \u3ci\u3eDictyonemo\u3c/i\u3e s.lat in Southwestern North America Reveals Three New Basidiolichens, Described in Honor James D. Lawrey$

Evansia, 2021

Biodiversity of Fungi, 2004

Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2021

Ecological Applications, 2021

Plant and Fungal Systematics, 2019

Ecological Applications, 2019

Springer eBooks, Nov 6, 2013

Ecological Applications, Aug 17, 2021

The Bryologist, 1992

The Bryologist, Jun 1, 2004

Epiphytic lichen communities are included in the national Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program ... more Epiphytic lichen communities are included in the national Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program because they help us assess resource contamination, biodiversity, and sustainability in the context of forest health. In 1996, field crews collected lichen samples on 141 field plots systematically located across all forest ownership groups in Idaho. Results presented here are the baseline assessment of the statewide field survey. Seventy-five epiphytic macrolichen species were reported from Idaho. Mean species richness varied significantly from seven to 12 species per plot depending on ecoregion province (p < 0.0001). Four lichen species are reported for the first time in Idaho. Major community gradients in nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination are most strongly related to latitude, elevation, percent forest cover, and lichen species richness. Ecoregion provinces occupy significantly different subsections of n-dimensional species space in multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP, p < 1 x 10-8).

The Bryologist, Jun 1, 2006

Three common moss species (Bryum argenteum, Ceratodon purpureus and Syntrichia ruralis) were grow... more Three common moss species (Bryum argenteum, Ceratodon purpureus and Syntrichia ruralis) were grown from fragmented gametophyte leaves and stems in a set of laboratory experiments. Ceratodon growth was the most prolific of the three species on three artificial media and varied dependent on nutrient solution. Ceratodon growth was also the most prolific on natural soils of the Snake River Plain, Idaho. However, Bryum growth was nearly equal that of Ceratodon on some soils but the growth of the two varied by soil type. Syntrichia growth by cover on natural soils was low but consistent across the three soil types. Results of these experiments support the possibility of using these organisms in restoration of sagebrush/bunchgrass habitats.

Evansia, 2001

Thirty three lichen or lichen parasymbiont species are reported as new, rare, and interesting fro... more Thirty three lichen or lichen parasymbiont species are reported as new, rare, and interesting from the group of ABLS members on this four day field trip in Oregon. Roselliniella nephromatis (Crouan) Matzer & Hafellner is new to North America. Contributors to a list of species collected on the trip were:

Madroño; a West American journal of botany, 2004

The lichen Texosporium sancti-jacobi (Ascomycetes: Caliciales) is known from only four general lo... more The lichen Texosporium sancti-jacobi (Ascomycetes: Caliciales) is known from only four general locations worldwide, all in western U.S.A. Typical habitat of Texosporium has the following characteristics: arid or semiarid climate; nearly flat ground; noncalcareous, nonsaline, fine-or coarse-textured soils developed on noncalcareous parent materials; little evidence of recent disturbance; sparse vascular plant vegetation; and dominance by native plant species. Within these constraints Texosporium occurs on restricted microsites: partly decomposed small mammal dung or organic matter infused with soil. The major threat to long-term survival of Texosporium is loss of habitat by extensive destruction of the soil crust by overgrazing, invasion of weedy annual grasses and resulting increases in fire frequency, and conversion of rangelands to agriculture and suburban developments. Habitat protection efforts are important to perpetuate this species. The lichen Texosporium sancti-jacobi (Tuck.) Nadv. is globally ranked (conservation status G2) by the United States Rare Lichen Project (S. K. Pittam 1990, pers. comm.). A rating of G2 means that globally the species is very rare, and that the United States Rare Lichen Project maintains a file on the species, notifies local governmental jurisdictions of occurrences, and, as warranted, seeks listing on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Threatened and Endangered List. The species is also an Idaho BLM Sensitive Species and Idaho Native Plant Society Priority 1 Species (Idaho Native Plant Society 1991; Moseley & Groves 1990). Texosporium is monotypic. It is known historically from near San Diego, California (Nadvornik 1942; Tuckerman 1883), and more recently from Pinnacles National Monument, California (Smith 1990), near Boise, Idaho (Rosentreter 1986), and north of Bend, Oregon (A. DeBolt, unpubl.). It is part of the biotic crust that covers much of the soil surface in many semiarid and arid sites. Very little has been known about its habitat requirements and the influences of management practices on this species. The objectives of this study were to gather information on site characteristics, disturbance history, and vegetation at the known locations for Texosporium, and attempt to locate additional populations by field and herbarium searches. METHODS We visited sites where Texosporium had previously been found; however, historic sites near San Diego were not revisited. The early collections from that area have vague location data while more recent collections (1950's-1960's) were from areas that are now heavily developed and presumably do not support the species. New sites were sought in likely areas, especially in southwest Idaho, northern Nevada, and eastern Oregon. At each site where Texosporium was found we recorded approximate population size, substrates, site characteristics, and signs of recent disturbance such as fire, grazing, and rodent burrowing. Additional unreported collections of Texosporium were sought from ASU, CANL, COLO, ID, NY, ORE, OSC, SBM, SFSU, SRP, uc, us; the private herbaria of Ann DeBolt, Roger Rosentreter, and Bruce Ryan; and the herbarium (ups) of the most recent monographer of the order Caliciales (Tibell 1984). Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973), while that of lichens follows Egan (1987). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Descriptions of Texosporium sancti-jacobi are in Weber (1967) and Tibell and Hofsten (1968). Briefly, Texosporium forms an inconspicuous whitish to grayish crust on soil and organic matter. Its apothecia are quite distinctive and easier to spot in the field than the thallus. The apothecia are typically circular, 0.5-1.5 mm diameter, whitish-margined, and with a dark-blackish, powdery center that is tinged with bright yellow from the secondary product calycin. The apothecia tend to occur in clusters that are seldom more than 1 cm in diameter. The known distribution (Fig. 1) is very spotty, ranging from the historic sites near San Diego north to central Oregon and southwest Idaho. Site characteristics are summarized in the list of locations below. Further details of locations, collecting history, and ecological data are in McCune (1992).

The Bryologist, 1992

Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann and D. reticulatum Magn. have vagrant forms with the gross morph... more Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann and D. reticulatum Magn. have vagrant forms with the gross morphology of D. vagans Imsh. Dermatocarpon vagans is not a distinct species. Rather, it is an environmental modification of D. reticulatum. Optimum habitat for vagrant Der- matocarpon in the western United States has the following characteristics: mostly flat, exposed areas with sparse vegetation; thin rocky basalt soils; seasonal shallow ponding; and a climate with hot dry summers and cold winters. Several lichen genera contain both attached and unattached (vagrant) forms. The most prominent of these genera in arid and semiarid regions of North America and Eurasia are Aspicilia, Dermatocarpon, Rhizoplaca, and Xanthoparmelia. Distinct vagrant species are presently recognized in all of these gen- era. The validity of several of these taxa has been questioned (Weber 1967, 1977). As more free-living material is collected in these genera, the distinctness of the vagrant species needs to be reexamined. In some cases, e.g., Rhizoplaca, more study is likely to lead to more, rather than fewer, vagrant species. A single vagrant species, D. vagans Imsh., has been described in the genus Dermatocarpon (Im- shaug 1950). In outward form it is unlike all other Dermatocarpon, having tightly rolled lobes and a three-dimensional habit. This taxon has been re- ported from only two sites apart from the type lo- cality (Eversman 1990; Imshaug 1950). Additional collecting on the basalt plains and plateaus between the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range re- vealed that this growth form is locally common, but restricted to an unusual habitat. Furthermore, va- grant forms co-occur with more typical, nonvagrant Dermatocarpon species. We sought to determine whether this taxon represents a distinct species or whether it is an environmental modification of the more common, sympatric Dermatocarpon species.

BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access t... more BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Landscaping with Native Plants Landscaping to Reduce the Risk of Wildfires .31 The Seven Principl... more Landscaping with Native Plants Landscaping to Reduce the Risk of Wildfires .31 The Seven Principles of Xeriscape .33 Site Specific Recommendations .34 More Reasons to Use Native Plants and Reduce Turfgrass .35 Native and Drought-Tolerant Landscaping Sources.36 Literature Cited.38 Recommended Reading.39 Photo Credits.40 Plant Index by: Growth Form .42 Scientific Name .44 Common Name .46 Antennaria spp. Rosy Pussytoes Upright flower stalks reach 4-8" with pink and white flowers during June and July. The silver, mat-like foliage is low growing and can be used as a ground cover for areas with light foot traffic, between paving stones, and at the front of a border. It prefers well-drained soil, but can adapt to many different soil types. This plant is drought tolerant (the plant may go dormant, causing the leaves to die back under extreme drought). There are a number of species available with similar growth habit and needs, including A. microphylla, A. parvifolia, A. dimorpha and others. Native range spans east of the Cascades in WA, ID, MT, NV, and northern CA in sagebrush to shallow rocky soils. 3 Aquilegia caerulea £>6^02 Aquilegia caerulea Colorado Blue Columbine This plant is unique for its long nectar spurs on blue and white blooms that appear from June to August. The size ranges from 12-30" tall by 9-18" wide. It does well in a moist place with partial sun, particularly in the late after¬ noon. Soil should be moderately fine for adequate drainage.

Evansia, Jan 11, 2021

Abstract. Fifty-five lichen species have been identified from the 120-acre Jupiter Inlet Lighthou... more Abstract. Fifty-five lichen species have been identified from the 120-acre Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse Outstanding Natural Area (ONA), located in southeast Florida. The ONA habitat is comprised of sand pine scrub, oak scrub, and coastal hammock. While our emphasis was on documenting macrolichens, several microlichens were identified. Relative abundance ratings were assigned to each lichen species based on its frequency in the ONA and in Florida. The rating of “rare” for the ONA does not necessarily imply that the species is rare in Florida, but it would be considered rare at the ONA, in most cases because of the area's small size. The sole exception is for the federally endangered Cladonia perforata, which is rare throughout its range. For each species, we used the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria to determine the number of known sites from Florida compared to their regional and global geographic distribution. Global distribution patterns are generalized, but no attempt at a global abundance ranking was made. Biogeographic patterns are presented for each species, as well as ecological and climate change considerations regarding management actions on this relatively small nature preserve.

Evansia, 1998

Priest River Experimental Forest is in northern Idaho less than 1 degree south of the Canadian bo... more Priest River Experimental Forest is in northern Idaho less than 1 degree south of the Canadian border. It is centered in the inland extension of oceanic influence (McCune 1984). The Experimental Forest is unusual in the northern Rocky '

Q)mmunit ics of mrxses rncl l ichens lx lon high rvater mark o. th€ Salmon River jn Idaho are vic... more Q)mmunit ics of mrxses rncl l ichens lx lon high rvater mark o. th€ Salmon River jn Idaho are vicrved as disr inct associat ions. Thesc zoncs mav be as much as several mctcrs in i lcptb. tsased on dre species present anLl on f luctuar ing rvater levcls, four zoncs arc found. Resufts f rom paired transtcts indjcatc that st .b i l i i r of the substrate, forcc of the currcnt , and distance abovc the lorv s 'ater lc lcL dctcrrn inc spccics dominance. Compared ro thc hcadrveters, the lower reaches of thc r iver harc morc ia ior . rb le c, ,nr t i r ions for growth of mosses and l ichens ancl for c levelopmcnt of u()nat ion pa erns. The Salmon Rivcr is unique because i r is thc largcst r iver in the wesfern Uoi ted States that L loes nor her,e reguLator) c lams. I ts headrvarers are ptorected by Wi lderness and \Vi ld an<l Scenic Rircr c lcs i !n i l t ions. The Salmon Rivcr ot ig inates Jn the granir ic Idah, l Bnt l ro l i th in centra l L laho. and dre lo\ \ 'cr sccr ion f jo\ rs over basalr . The zonat ion dcscr ibe. l in fh is paper occlr rs on borh grani tc ancl basal t a loog rhe course of the r iver . T, ichcns lncl other fofms of vcgerar ion can bc use. l for f lood f requency analysis and for calcuhting r iver chxnnel capacity (Cregory 1976). Lichens may also be useful in * 'r ter qual i ty st lcl ies (Harvksworth 197.1). The zonation of plants along e r iver can be use(l for rhe precl icr ion of dischatge from channel geometry ar uogauged sires (Cregory 19i61. lurthermore, absence of i ichens frorn suitable habitats may indicate i r r r . l r . r nne I r . r r r r b . rn .e u r mod i l i c l i oo . Crytogem zonations along streams have been reported by Hale (1!J0), Glime (1910 ) , Pen tccos t ( 1977 ) , r nd C ra$ ' ( 1976 ) . These zones we rc no b roade r t han 10 cnr per zonc antl less chan,10 cn'r total (Cras' 1976)ln comparison, zonarion along the Salrnon Rivet is higher and therefore more signif icant for use in managemeflr. Since the Salmon Rivcr f lucfuatcs as much as several merers in depth. these broad zones mly bc useful incl icators of f lorxl frequency and f lood levels (Fig 11. ' Ihc purpose of rhis stLr( ly is to dcscribe thc l ichen ancl moss associat ions found l|rn.g rhc S:r lmon River anrl rc relate dif fereoces in species composit ion to hyrlraul ic .heracterist ics of rhe channel end ro subsrr l te stabi i i ty. Also of iorerest is rhe rr-r1 in lhich planr xss{)cierions changtd over the r iver 's course-