Roger Vaughan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Roger Vaughan

Making Projects Critical, 2006

The Journal of School Health, Sep 1, 2007

BACKGROUND: Schools have long been recognized as an excellent place to offer health education and... more BACKGROUND: Schools have long been recognized as an excellent place to offer health education and supportive services. Teachers are among the most important influences in the lives of school-aged children and can provide valuable insight into the health issues important to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential role general academic teachers may play in facilitating adolescent health promotion efforts.

Journal of Adolescent Health, May 31, 1996

Purpose: To compare the demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, and academic characteristics of us... more Purpose: To compare the demographic, behavioral, psychosocial, and academic characteristics of users versus nonusers of inner-city junior high school-based health clinics.

International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing Official Publication of the International Association on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, May 6, 2009

A methodology for evaluating local government performance in municipal services, based on quality... more A methodology for evaluating local government performance in municipal services, based on quality and satisfaction dimensions, is presented. Quality has become a decisive factor for the transformation of municipal services and an important driving force for better citizen satisfaction. The contribution of this paper is the analysis of the link between quality dimensions and satisfaction in respect of improving the relationship between small public local administrations and citizens. Research conducted with citizens are the basis for the proposals in this paper of a series of public policy actions that are aimed at improving administration service quality, which, ultimately should lead directly to better citizen satisfaction.

American Journal of Public Health, Aug 30, 2011

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 13032917 2009 10518913, Jun 25, 2012

ABSTRACT More than 10 years on since the launch of the Internet, there are clear differential lev... more ABSTRACT More than 10 years on since the launch of the Internet, there are clear differential levels of adoption of the Internet for purchasing leisure travel across countries. In some countries, such as Portugal, only a minority of travel purchasing is conducted over the Internet. This paper aims to contribute to a greater understanding of adoption of purchasing over the Internet by evaluating the determinants of intention to adopt the Internet for purchasing leisure travel. A number of variables are used to assess which factors ...

Revista Turismo Desenvolvimento, 2010

Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Apr 29, 2015

Objective: To estimates rates and correlates of disclosure of date/acquaintance rape or attempted... more Objective: To estimates rates and correlates of disclosure of date/acquaintance rape or attempted rape and verbally coercive sex among a diverse sample of adolescent and young adult females.

Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Sep 1, 1989

In data from two cohorts of urban adolescents, measures of coping through support-seeking from pe... more In data from two cohorts of urban adolescents, measures of coping through support-seeking from peers and adults were related to indices of cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Peer support was positively related to substance use, whereas parental and other adult support were inversely related to substance use. Peer support had interactive relationships (positively weighted) with peer smoking and alcohol use." support had no effect when there were no friends who smoked~drank but had an increasingly greater effect for higher levels of peer smoking~drinking. Adult support had a similar (negatively weighted) interactive effect in relation to peer smoking and alcohol use. Peer and adult support interacted, with an increasingly greater effect of peer support on substance use for subjects with lower levels of adult support. Interactions with gender indicated peer support more strongly related to substance use for females than males. Implications for the theory of social networks and the prevention of substance use are discussed.

American Journal of Public Health, Feb 1, 2005

Http Dx Doi Org 10 2105 Ajph 2011 300310, Sep 22, 2011

Journal of Adolescent Health, 2007

J Adolescent Health, 2006

Three important human capital questions must be addressed by U.S. policy makers: What are the eff... more Three important human capital questions must be addressed by U.S. policy makers: What are the effects of employer-sponsored training? Do employers invest enough in employee training? and How will accelerating technological change affect the need for employer-sponsored training and for complementary investments in education? Four policy implications of research on labor market dynamics are as follows: (1) there is no clear empirical evidence to support either increases or reduction in incentives for employer-sponsored training, but if policy makers do decide to provide further incentives, they should examine incentives to employees as well as to employers; (2) public programs, especially puraic schools, must prepare a much larger share of new entrants for well-paid, higher-skilled jobs; (3) remedial education or further training may deal with the problem of high unemployment rates more effectively than creating new jobs; and (4) data should be collected systematically to allow for an analysis of the level and effectiveness of all types of human capital investments. The educational system must sharply reduce the proportion of graduates with poor qualifications. Coordination will be required among employers and educational institutions. Federal and state economic policies must address the basic problem which is that those workers with problems in finding new employment need to extend their education or training. (NLA)

J Med Internet Res, 2004

Vulnerable populations suffer disproportionately from a variety of health conditions. Access to h... more Vulnerable populations suffer disproportionately from a variety of health conditions. Access to health information is an important component of health promotion. Reports suggest that while health providers and print media are traditional sources of information, the Internet may be becoming an increasingly important resource for consumers. Particularly, for parents of urban adolescents of color, the Internet could prove to be a valuable asset in helping them understand adolescent health and behavioral issues. To determine the types of adolescent health and behavioral issues of concern to parents of color and to assess their preference for sources of health information, including the Internet. A confidential, self-administered survey was administered to parents (largely of African American and Hispanic descent) of 9th-grade students over a 2-year period during 2001-2002 in Harlem, NY. The instrument assessed health and behavioral topics of concern, preferred resources for information, ownership and utilization patterns of computers and the Internet, and interest in obtaining additional computer/Internet training. A total of 419 surveys were completed; 165 in 2001 (67% response rate) and 254 in 2002 (no response rate available). Analysis of responses indicated a substantial degree of interest in obtaining information about a variety of adolescent health issues, including: HIV, sexually transmitted infections, , mental health concerns and relationships with family and peers. While home ownership of computers (84%) and access to the Internet were reasonably high (74%), use of the Internet for health information was low (14%). However, 62% of parents indicated a strong desire to have more instruction on computers and the Internet. Compared to other sources of health information, the Internet is underutilized by urban parents of color. Additional research is needed to identify strategies to improve utilization and assess subsequent impact on parenting activities.

J Amer Acad Child Adolesc Psy, 1995

A greater understanding of minority adolescents&amp;amp;amp;#39; involvement in sex and v... more A greater understanding of minority adolescents&amp;amp;amp;#39; involvement in sex and violence is an essential precursor to the development of effective prevention programs targeted at inner-city youths. To estimate the prevalence of involvement in sexual, assaultive, and suicidal behaviors and to quantify the relative importance of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for those behaviors, a survey was administered in the spring of 1992 to a sample of 3,738 predominantly Hispanic and African-American students attending four junior high schools in an economically disadvantaged, medically underserved New York City school district. The mean age of participants was 13.5 years; 73.7% were Dominican, 6.9% were other Hispanic, and 10.4% were black. Thirty-one percent of males and 7% of females reported involvement in sexual intercourse, 27% of males and 8% of females reported involvement in assaultive behavior and 10% of males and 19% of females reported suicide intentions/attempts. The primary risk factor for sexual intercourse was a belief that involvement in intercourse was common and acceptable among peers. The primary risk factor for assaultive behavior was adverse social circumstances. The primary risk factor for suicide intentions/attempts was symptoms of depression. The risk for involvement in each of the three investigated risk behaviors was substantially increased by involvement in the other two behaviors. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive sex and violence prevention programs targeted at urban minority junior high school students and suggest factors that may identify students at highest risk.

American Journal of Public Health, 1992

Journal of the American Medical Women S Association, Feb 1, 1998

OBJECTIVES: To assess the awareness of emergency contraception (EC) among inner-city adolescents ... more OBJECTIVES: To assess the awareness of emergency contraception (EC) among inner-city adolescents attending a general primary health care clinic.METHOD: 197 patients filled out an anonymous 28-item survey on sexual activity, experience with contraceptives, attitude toward pregnancy, experience with pregnancy, awareness of and intent to use EC.RESULTS: 71% of the sample was sexually experienced; 90% had been active within six months of the clinic visit. While 81% of the sexually experienced segment of the sample had ever used contraceptives, 53% reported having had sex at least once during the past six months without using contraception. Fifty-seven percent "worried" following unprotected intercourse about a potential pregnancy; 32% of the sample had been involved in a pregnancy. Only 30% of the sexually experienced had heard of EC, but more than 87% stated they would use it if the need arose in the future.CONCLUSIONS: Urban adolescents are at high risk for unintended pregnancy due to inconsistent contraceptive use and/or method failure. Level of awareness of EC was low in our sample, particularly as compared to adult women in the United States, and to women of all ages (including teenagers) in European countries. Intent to use EC was high, however, indicating a strong desire to avoid unintended pregnancy. Attention should be focused on increasing both adolescent awareness of and access to EC.