Mario Rojas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mario Rojas
Schizophrenia Research, 2000
form of obsessive rumination about her weight and related behavioral eating problems. In a mental... more form of obsessive rumination about her weight and related behavioral eating problems. In a mentally bright girl after onset of psychosis stable state, her cognitive ability was re-examined using WISC-R at the age of 15 years; her full-scale Dear Editors, We report a 15-year-old girl who was premor-IQ was 85 with verbal IQ 79 and performance 1Q 94. At this stage, we performed an MRI scan to bidly very bright (intelligence quotient, IQ=140) and whose cognitive ability drastically deteriorated reassess brain structural changes but no abnormalities were detected. She had not yet started men-(IQ=85) after psychosis emerged.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008
The rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles formed by oppositely charged surfactant mixtures (... more The rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles formed by oppositely charged surfactant mixtures (cationic cetyl trimethylammonium p-toluene sulfonate, CTAT, and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), in the dilute and semi-dilute regimes, were studied under simple shear and porous media flows. Aqueous mixtures of CTAT and SDS formed homogeneous solutions for SDS/CTAT molar ratios below 0.12. Solutions of mixtures exhibited a strong synergistic effect in shear viscosity, especially in the semi-dilute regime with respect to wormlike micelles, reaching a four order of magnitude increase in the zero-shear rate viscosity for solutions with 20 mM CTAT. Oscillatory shear results demonstrated that the microstructure of CTAT wormlike micelles is sensitive to SDS addition. The cross-over relaxation times of wormlike micelles of 20 mM CTAT solutions increased by three orders of magnitude with the addition of up to 2 mM of SDS, and the solutions became increasingly elastic. The shear thickening process observed in shear rheology became more pronounced in porous media flow due to the formation of stronger cooperative structures induced by the extensional component of the flow.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007
The influence of ionic environment on the rheological properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammoniu... more The influence of ionic environment on the rheological properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluene sulfonate (CTAT) solutions has been studied under three different flow fields: simple shear, opposed-jets flow and porous media flow. Emphasis was placed in the experiments on a range of CTAT concentration in which wormlike micelles were formed. It is known that these solutions exhibit shear thickening in the semi-dilute regime, which has been explained in terms of the formation of shear-induced, cooperative structures involving wormlike micelles. In simple shear flow, the zero shear viscosity exhibits first an increase with salt addition followed by a decrease, while the critical shear rate for shear thickening increases sharply at low salt contents and tends to saturate at relatively high ionic strengths. The results are explained in terms of a competition between micellar growth induced by salt addition and changes in micellar flexibility caused by ionic screening effects. Dynamic light scattering results indicate that micelles grow rapidly upon salt addition but eventually achieve a constant size under static conditions. These observations suggest that the wormlike micelles continuously grow with salt addition, but, as they become more flexible due to electrostatic screening, the wormlike coils tend to adopt a more compact conformation. The trends observed in the apparent viscosities measured in porous media flows seem to confirm these hypotheses-but viscosity increases in the shear thickening region-and are magnified by micelle deformation induced by the elongational nature of the local flow in the pores. In opposed-jets flow, the solutions have a behavior that is close to Newtonian, which suggests that the range of strain rates employed makes the flow strong enough to destroy or prevent the formation of cooperative micellar structures.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2012
This work presents the results of a literature review and statistical analysis of removals of che... more This work presents the results of a literature review and statistical analysis of removals of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) during conventional wastewater treatment. Process-dependent attenuations are examined for the 42 most frequently measured and reported CECs. Biological treatment processes contributing to the review include conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, trickling filters, sequencing batch reactors, and lagoons. Also summarized are compound-specific physical characteristics and biodegradability data that are potential determinants of removal. As anticipated, results of the statistical analysis point to biodegradability and hydrophobicity as the most important contributing factors for removal. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology to view the supplemental file.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2010
This work reports on the rheological characterization of aqueous solutions of mixtures of a catio... more This work reports on the rheological characterization of aqueous solutions of mixtures of a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, CTAT), capable of forming wormlike micelles, and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) when the ionic environment of the solution is altered by the addition of electrolytes. Previous work showed that mixtures CTAT/SDS exhibit a strong rheological synergy in shear flows caused by promotion of interaction between wormlike micelles by the presence of the dodecylsulfate anion. In this work, we explore the CTAT/SDS synergy in the presence of electrolytes. The effect of the added electrolyte varies with wormlike micelle concentration range and type of flow. In simple shear flows and relatively low wormlike micelle concentrations (dilute regime), electrolyte addition inhibits the shear thickening effect observed in CTAT/SDS solution. In porous media flows, which have an important elongational component, electrolyte addition results in an appreciable increase in apparent viscosity at low electrolyte concentrations. In the semi-dilute regime, electrolyte addition at low concentrations strengthens the synergy between CTAT and SDS, leading to higher shear viscosities, especially at low-shear rates. An important consequence of these results is the potential for manipulation of the rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles by induction of intermicelle associations and/or promotion of conformational changes by electrolyte addition.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009
In this work, we report synthesis and rheology of an interesting structured fluid based on the se... more In this work, we report synthesis and rheology of an interesting structured fluid based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic dendrons and wormlike micelles. Two amphiphilic dendrons were synthesized by the combination of aliphatic chains and polar dendritic heads. They showed different degrees of hydrophobicity and formed micelles in aqueous solution at critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 25 and 125 ppm. The dendrons were soluble in water up to a concentration of approximately 1200 ppm, and produced no measurable increase in the viscosity of the solvent. The rheology of solutions of mixtures of each dendron with cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (CTAT, a cationic surfactant) was characterized in simple shear flow. In the concentration range in which CTAT forms semidilute solutions of wormlike micelles, dendron addition produced a substantial synergy in zero-shear rate viscosity. Parallel-plate oscillatory shear measurements demonstrated that the CTAT/dendron mixtures are significantly more elastic than CTAT solutions. The viscosity synergy occurs at dendron concentrations lower than their CMC, and it is stronger for the more hydrophobic dendron. This suggests that the interactions between dendrons and wormlike micelles are basically hydrophobic, which implies attachment of dendron micelles to wormlike CTAT micelles in a manner similar to micellization of surfactants on polyelectrolytes.
Schizophrenia Research, 2000
form of obsessive rumination about her weight and related behavioral eating problems. In a mental... more form of obsessive rumination about her weight and related behavioral eating problems. In a mentally bright girl after onset of psychosis stable state, her cognitive ability was re-examined using WISC-R at the age of 15 years; her full-scale Dear Editors, We report a 15-year-old girl who was premor-IQ was 85 with verbal IQ 79 and performance 1Q 94. At this stage, we performed an MRI scan to bidly very bright (intelligence quotient, IQ=140) and whose cognitive ability drastically deteriorated reassess brain structural changes but no abnormalities were detected. She had not yet started men-(IQ=85) after psychosis emerged.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2008
The rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles formed by oppositely charged surfactant mixtures (... more The rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles formed by oppositely charged surfactant mixtures (cationic cetyl trimethylammonium p-toluene sulfonate, CTAT, and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), in the dilute and semi-dilute regimes, were studied under simple shear and porous media flows. Aqueous mixtures of CTAT and SDS formed homogeneous solutions for SDS/CTAT molar ratios below 0.12. Solutions of mixtures exhibited a strong synergistic effect in shear viscosity, especially in the semi-dilute regime with respect to wormlike micelles, reaching a four order of magnitude increase in the zero-shear rate viscosity for solutions with 20 mM CTAT. Oscillatory shear results demonstrated that the microstructure of CTAT wormlike micelles is sensitive to SDS addition. The cross-over relaxation times of wormlike micelles of 20 mM CTAT solutions increased by three orders of magnitude with the addition of up to 2 mM of SDS, and the solutions became increasingly elastic. The shear thickening process observed in shear rheology became more pronounced in porous media flow due to the formation of stronger cooperative structures induced by the extensional component of the flow.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007
The influence of ionic environment on the rheological properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammoniu... more The influence of ionic environment on the rheological properties of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluene sulfonate (CTAT) solutions has been studied under three different flow fields: simple shear, opposed-jets flow and porous media flow. Emphasis was placed in the experiments on a range of CTAT concentration in which wormlike micelles were formed. It is known that these solutions exhibit shear thickening in the semi-dilute regime, which has been explained in terms of the formation of shear-induced, cooperative structures involving wormlike micelles. In simple shear flow, the zero shear viscosity exhibits first an increase with salt addition followed by a decrease, while the critical shear rate for shear thickening increases sharply at low salt contents and tends to saturate at relatively high ionic strengths. The results are explained in terms of a competition between micellar growth induced by salt addition and changes in micellar flexibility caused by ionic screening effects. Dynamic light scattering results indicate that micelles grow rapidly upon salt addition but eventually achieve a constant size under static conditions. These observations suggest that the wormlike micelles continuously grow with salt addition, but, as they become more flexible due to electrostatic screening, the wormlike coils tend to adopt a more compact conformation. The trends observed in the apparent viscosities measured in porous media flows seem to confirm these hypotheses-but viscosity increases in the shear thickening region-and are magnified by micelle deformation induced by the elongational nature of the local flow in the pores. In opposed-jets flow, the solutions have a behavior that is close to Newtonian, which suggests that the range of strain rates employed makes the flow strong enough to destroy or prevent the formation of cooperative micellar structures.
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2012
This work presents the results of a literature review and statistical analysis of removals of che... more This work presents the results of a literature review and statistical analysis of removals of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) during conventional wastewater treatment. Process-dependent attenuations are examined for the 42 most frequently measured and reported CECs. Biological treatment processes contributing to the review include conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, trickling filters, sequencing batch reactors, and lagoons. Also summarized are compound-specific physical characteristics and biodegradability data that are potential determinants of removal. As anticipated, results of the statistical analysis point to biodegradability and hydrophobicity as the most important contributing factors for removal. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology to view the supplemental file.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2010
This work reports on the rheological characterization of aqueous solutions of mixtures of a catio... more This work reports on the rheological characterization of aqueous solutions of mixtures of a cationic surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, CTAT), capable of forming wormlike micelles, and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) when the ionic environment of the solution is altered by the addition of electrolytes. Previous work showed that mixtures CTAT/SDS exhibit a strong rheological synergy in shear flows caused by promotion of interaction between wormlike micelles by the presence of the dodecylsulfate anion. In this work, we explore the CTAT/SDS synergy in the presence of electrolytes. The effect of the added electrolyte varies with wormlike micelle concentration range and type of flow. In simple shear flows and relatively low wormlike micelle concentrations (dilute regime), electrolyte addition inhibits the shear thickening effect observed in CTAT/SDS solution. In porous media flows, which have an important elongational component, electrolyte addition results in an appreciable increase in apparent viscosity at low electrolyte concentrations. In the semi-dilute regime, electrolyte addition at low concentrations strengthens the synergy between CTAT and SDS, leading to higher shear viscosities, especially at low-shear rates. An important consequence of these results is the potential for manipulation of the rheology of solutions of wormlike micelles by induction of intermicelle associations and/or promotion of conformational changes by electrolyte addition.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009
In this work, we report synthesis and rheology of an interesting structured fluid based on the se... more In this work, we report synthesis and rheology of an interesting structured fluid based on the self-assembly of amphiphilic dendrons and wormlike micelles. Two amphiphilic dendrons were synthesized by the combination of aliphatic chains and polar dendritic heads. They showed different degrees of hydrophobicity and formed micelles in aqueous solution at critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 25 and 125 ppm. The dendrons were soluble in water up to a concentration of approximately 1200 ppm, and produced no measurable increase in the viscosity of the solvent. The rheology of solutions of mixtures of each dendron with cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (CTAT, a cationic surfactant) was characterized in simple shear flow. In the concentration range in which CTAT forms semidilute solutions of wormlike micelles, dendron addition produced a substantial synergy in zero-shear rate viscosity. Parallel-plate oscillatory shear measurements demonstrated that the CTAT/dendron mixtures are significantly more elastic than CTAT solutions. The viscosity synergy occurs at dendron concentrations lower than their CMC, and it is stronger for the more hydrophobic dendron. This suggests that the interactions between dendrons and wormlike micelles are basically hydrophobic, which implies attachment of dendron micelles to wormlike CTAT micelles in a manner similar to micellization of surfactants on polyelectrolytes.