Rolf Ackermann - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rolf Ackermann
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, 2012
Geophysical Prospecting, 2015
Journal of Geoscience Education, 1998
ABSTRACT The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, ... more ABSTRACT The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including the use of an Electronic Total Station (ETS) and portable Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in collecting field data. The ETS determines the distance and ...
Geophysical Prospecting, 2015
Innovations in Science Education and Technology, 2013
We have used a series of scaled experimental models with clay to study the nucleation, growth and... more We have used a series of scaled experimental models with clay to study the nucleation, growth and linkage of fault arrays and their constituent fault segments. We have varied the clay thickness and the magnitude, rate, width, and obliquity of deformation. We have also varied the basal boundary conditions: 1) focussed deformation associated with the edges of moving metal plates
Journal of Structural Geology, 1995
Numerous sediment-filled fissures are present near the upper surface of the North Mountain Basalt... more Numerous sediment-filled fissures are present near the upper surface of the North Mountain Basalt (-202 Ma) of the Fundy basin, which formed during Triassic-Jurassic rifting. The fissures are infilled with the same elastic material comprising the basal parts of the overlying earliest Jurassic-age sedimentary formations, which accumulated less than 200 k y after the cooling of the basalt. Nearly all of the 1368 fissures measured in this study are planar to sub-planar and are sub-vertical (after correcting the basalt flows to paleo-horizontal). The fissures typically formed along preexisting columnar joints within the basalt. Northeast-striking fissures generally define a preferred orientation and commonly arc wider than other fissures. The sediment-filled fissures therefore indicate earliest Jurassic-age NW-SE extension. This extension direction is consistent with that indicated by the NE-striking Shclburne diabasc dike, the attitude of mcsoscopic faults, and the geometry of the Fundy rift basin. Thus, sediment-filled fissures by themselves can serve as useful kinematic indicators and place tight constraints on the relative timing of extension.
Journal of Structural Geology, 2003
Journal of Structural Geology, 2001
Detailed analyses of two scaled experimental models of distributed extension that differ only in ... more Detailed analyses of two scaled experimental models of distributed extension that differ only in the thickness of the mechanical layer reveal how normal-fault systems evolve with increasing strain. Faults grow increasingly by linkage and become regularly spaced; the proportion of active structures decreases and converges with that of inactive structures. Large faults contribute increasingly to strain accommodation. The size-frequency distribution of fault lengths changes from power-law (fractal) to exponential, non-linear and dynamic length-displacement scaling arises, and the system becomes less multifractal and more homogeneous. These observations validate many predictions of numerical and geometric models of normal fault growth and system evolution. We propose a generalized three-stage model in which mechanical stratigraphy at times restricts fault growth and the degree of elastic fault interaction. The thickness of the mechanical layer in¯uences the relative timing of stages in this model, as well as the geometry and statistics of the system. As faults encounter and breach multiple mechanical layers, systems may exhibit different scaling attributes at different structural or mechanical levels. Thus, systems may oscillate between different stages of this model, complicating fault-population statistics. We present our data as evidence of the existence of upper and lower bounds for the scale invariant behavior of fault systems, as predicted by Mandelbrot for natural fracture systems. q
Journal of Structural Geology, 2000
We use clay models to simulate how fault population systematics vary as a function of rift obliqu... more We use clay models to simulate how fault population systematics vary as a function of rift obliquity. Rift obliquity is related to the acute angle, a, between the rift trend and the displacement direction, so that the value of a is inverse to the degree of obliquity. The range of azimuths in a fault population increases as rift obliquity increases (i.e. as a decreases). The length of the longest faults, the sum of fault lengths, and the width of the deformed zone all increase as rift obliquity decreases (i.e. as a increases). The majority of faults in our models are segmented and have highly tortuous traces. Tortuosity is maximum when a=308 as segments of widely varying azimuth link during fault growth. Signi®cant changes occur in the fault patterns between a=308 and a=458. At a=308 two fault populations of equal importance develop in the center of the rift zone, one approximately rift-parallel and the other displacement-normal. Between a=308 and 458, the number of faults more than doubles, and between a=458 and 608, summed fault length more than doubles. Fault patterns for all models are fractal, with fractal dimensions that increase with increasing a and that are comparable to those found in the ®eld. Fault populations are not multi-fractal because the cumulative frequency distributions of fault lengths do not generally follow a power-law relationship. An exponential distribution best describes the data for whole faults, with the characteristic length increasing with increasing a. Segment lengths also follow an exponential distribution with characteristic length varying very little with a. The fault patterns in our models resemble the spatial pattern of brittle deformation observed at oblique mid-ocean ridge segments and are similar in geometry to those in oblique continental rift basins. At the rift margins, tensional stresses are modulated and reoriented by a secondary stress ®eld related to a change in boundary conditions, resulting in the formation of two distinct sub-populations of faults during oblique rifting. 7
Geology, 1996
Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0683:GASROA&gt... more Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0683:GASROA>2.3.CO;2 1996;24;683-686 Geology Roy W. Schlische, Scott S. Young, Rolf V. Ackermann and Anupma Gupta faults Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal ...
Geology, 1997
... All faults have a consistent orientation (045°, 70°SE, bedding corrected) and dip synthetic t... more ... All faults have a consistent orientation (045°, 70°SE, bedding corrected) and dip synthetic to the border fault system. ... Rolf V. Ackermann* Roy W. Schlische Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-1179 ...
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1995
Journal of Geoscience …, 1998
The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including... more The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including the use of an Electronic Total Station (ETS) and portable Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in collecting field data. The ETS determines the distance and ...
London 2013, 75th eage conference en exhibition incorporating SPE Europec, 2013
ABSTRACT
European Urology, Mar 31, 2003
European Urology Supplements, 2006
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015, 2015
British journal of cancer, Jan 31, 2004
In prostate carcinoma (PCa) increased DNA methylation ('hypermethylation') occurs at spec... more In prostate carcinoma (PCa) increased DNA methylation ('hypermethylation') occurs at specific genes such as GSTP1. Nevertheless, overall methylation can be decreased ('hypomethylation') because methylation of repetitive sequences like LINE-1 retrotransposons is diminished. We analysed DNA from 113 PCa and 36 noncancerous prostate tissues for LINE-1 hypomethylation by a sensitive Southern technique and for hypermethylation at eight loci by methylation-specific PCR. Hypermethylation frequencies for GSTP1, RARB2, RASSF1A, and APC in carcinoma tissues were each >70%, strongly correlating with each other (P<10(-6)). Hypermethylation at each locus was significantly different between tumour and normal tissues (10(-11)<P<10(3)), although hypermethylation, particularly of RASSF1A, was also observed in noncarcinoma tissues. ASC1 hypermethylation was observed in a subgroup of PCa with concurrent hypermethylation. Hypermethylation of CDH1, CDKN2A, and SFRP1 was rare....
Cancer research, 1990
Expression of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, HER2/neu, c-myc, and c-fos, ... more Expression of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, HER2/neu, c-myc, and c-fos, in renal cell carcinoma and corresponding nonneoplastic kidney tissue of 30 patients has been analyzed by Northern blot analysis. In renal cell carcinoma an inverse relationship of EGF receptor and HER2/neu gene expression was detected, with high expression of the EGF receptor gene in 22 of 30 (73%) cases and low expression of the HER2/neu gene in 28 of 30 (93%) cases. Furthermore, altered expression of the oncogenes c-myc and c-fos was detected in renal cell carcinoma, which appears to be related to the tumor grade of malignancy. Additional Southern blot analysis of six renal cell carcinomas gave no indication of chromosomal rearrangement events or gene amplification.
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012, 2012
Geophysical Prospecting, 2015
Journal of Geoscience Education, 1998
ABSTRACT The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, ... more ABSTRACT The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including the use of an Electronic Total Station (ETS) and portable Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in collecting field data. The ETS determines the distance and ...
Geophysical Prospecting, 2015
Innovations in Science Education and Technology, 2013
We have used a series of scaled experimental models with clay to study the nucleation, growth and... more We have used a series of scaled experimental models with clay to study the nucleation, growth and linkage of fault arrays and their constituent fault segments. We have varied the clay thickness and the magnitude, rate, width, and obliquity of deformation. We have also varied the basal boundary conditions: 1) focussed deformation associated with the edges of moving metal plates
Journal of Structural Geology, 1995
Numerous sediment-filled fissures are present near the upper surface of the North Mountain Basalt... more Numerous sediment-filled fissures are present near the upper surface of the North Mountain Basalt (-202 Ma) of the Fundy basin, which formed during Triassic-Jurassic rifting. The fissures are infilled with the same elastic material comprising the basal parts of the overlying earliest Jurassic-age sedimentary formations, which accumulated less than 200 k y after the cooling of the basalt. Nearly all of the 1368 fissures measured in this study are planar to sub-planar and are sub-vertical (after correcting the basalt flows to paleo-horizontal). The fissures typically formed along preexisting columnar joints within the basalt. Northeast-striking fissures generally define a preferred orientation and commonly arc wider than other fissures. The sediment-filled fissures therefore indicate earliest Jurassic-age NW-SE extension. This extension direction is consistent with that indicated by the NE-striking Shclburne diabasc dike, the attitude of mcsoscopic faults, and the geometry of the Fundy rift basin. Thus, sediment-filled fissures by themselves can serve as useful kinematic indicators and place tight constraints on the relative timing of extension.
Journal of Structural Geology, 2003
Journal of Structural Geology, 2001
Detailed analyses of two scaled experimental models of distributed extension that differ only in ... more Detailed analyses of two scaled experimental models of distributed extension that differ only in the thickness of the mechanical layer reveal how normal-fault systems evolve with increasing strain. Faults grow increasingly by linkage and become regularly spaced; the proportion of active structures decreases and converges with that of inactive structures. Large faults contribute increasingly to strain accommodation. The size-frequency distribution of fault lengths changes from power-law (fractal) to exponential, non-linear and dynamic length-displacement scaling arises, and the system becomes less multifractal and more homogeneous. These observations validate many predictions of numerical and geometric models of normal fault growth and system evolution. We propose a generalized three-stage model in which mechanical stratigraphy at times restricts fault growth and the degree of elastic fault interaction. The thickness of the mechanical layer in¯uences the relative timing of stages in this model, as well as the geometry and statistics of the system. As faults encounter and breach multiple mechanical layers, systems may exhibit different scaling attributes at different structural or mechanical levels. Thus, systems may oscillate between different stages of this model, complicating fault-population statistics. We present our data as evidence of the existence of upper and lower bounds for the scale invariant behavior of fault systems, as predicted by Mandelbrot for natural fracture systems. q
Journal of Structural Geology, 2000
We use clay models to simulate how fault population systematics vary as a function of rift obliqu... more We use clay models to simulate how fault population systematics vary as a function of rift obliquity. Rift obliquity is related to the acute angle, a, between the rift trend and the displacement direction, so that the value of a is inverse to the degree of obliquity. The range of azimuths in a fault population increases as rift obliquity increases (i.e. as a decreases). The length of the longest faults, the sum of fault lengths, and the width of the deformed zone all increase as rift obliquity decreases (i.e. as a increases). The majority of faults in our models are segmented and have highly tortuous traces. Tortuosity is maximum when a=308 as segments of widely varying azimuth link during fault growth. Signi®cant changes occur in the fault patterns between a=308 and a=458. At a=308 two fault populations of equal importance develop in the center of the rift zone, one approximately rift-parallel and the other displacement-normal. Between a=308 and 458, the number of faults more than doubles, and between a=458 and 608, summed fault length more than doubles. Fault patterns for all models are fractal, with fractal dimensions that increase with increasing a and that are comparable to those found in the ®eld. Fault populations are not multi-fractal because the cumulative frequency distributions of fault lengths do not generally follow a power-law relationship. An exponential distribution best describes the data for whole faults, with the characteristic length increasing with increasing a. Segment lengths also follow an exponential distribution with characteristic length varying very little with a. The fault patterns in our models resemble the spatial pattern of brittle deformation observed at oblique mid-ocean ridge segments and are similar in geometry to those in oblique continental rift basins. At the rift margins, tensional stresses are modulated and reoriented by a secondary stress ®eld related to a change in boundary conditions, resulting in the formation of two distinct sub-populations of faults during oblique rifting. 7
Geology, 1996
Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024&amp;amp;lt;0683:GASROA&amp;amp;gt... more Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024&amp;amp;lt;0683:GASROA&amp;amp;gt;2.3.CO;2 1996;24;683-686 Geology Roy W. Schlische, Scott S. Young, Rolf V. Ackermann and Anupma Gupta faults Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal ...
Geology, 1997
... All faults have a consistent orientation (045°, 70°SE, bedding corrected) and dip synthetic t... more ... All faults have a consistent orientation (045°, 70°SE, bedding corrected) and dip synthetic to the border fault system. ... Rolf V. Ackermann* Roy W. Schlische Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-1179 ...
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1995
Journal of Geoscience …, 1998
The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including... more The Field Geology course at Rutgers University incor-porates computers in all projects, including the use of an Electronic Total Station (ETS) and portable Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in collecting field data. The ETS determines the distance and ...
London 2013, 75th eage conference en exhibition incorporating SPE Europec, 2013
ABSTRACT
European Urology, Mar 31, 2003
European Urology Supplements, 2006
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015, 2015
British journal of cancer, Jan 31, 2004
In prostate carcinoma (PCa) increased DNA methylation ('hypermethylation') occurs at spec... more In prostate carcinoma (PCa) increased DNA methylation ('hypermethylation') occurs at specific genes such as GSTP1. Nevertheless, overall methylation can be decreased ('hypomethylation') because methylation of repetitive sequences like LINE-1 retrotransposons is diminished. We analysed DNA from 113 PCa and 36 noncancerous prostate tissues for LINE-1 hypomethylation by a sensitive Southern technique and for hypermethylation at eight loci by methylation-specific PCR. Hypermethylation frequencies for GSTP1, RARB2, RASSF1A, and APC in carcinoma tissues were each >70%, strongly correlating with each other (P<10(-6)). Hypermethylation at each locus was significantly different between tumour and normal tissues (10(-11)<P<10(3)), although hypermethylation, particularly of RASSF1A, was also observed in noncarcinoma tissues. ASC1 hypermethylation was observed in a subgroup of PCa with concurrent hypermethylation. Hypermethylation of CDH1, CDKN2A, and SFRP1 was rare....
Cancer research, 1990
Expression of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, HER2/neu, c-myc, and c-fos, ... more Expression of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, HER2/neu, c-myc, and c-fos, in renal cell carcinoma and corresponding nonneoplastic kidney tissue of 30 patients has been analyzed by Northern blot analysis. In renal cell carcinoma an inverse relationship of EGF receptor and HER2/neu gene expression was detected, with high expression of the EGF receptor gene in 22 of 30 (73%) cases and low expression of the HER2/neu gene in 28 of 30 (93%) cases. Furthermore, altered expression of the oncogenes c-myc and c-fos was detected in renal cell carcinoma, which appears to be related to the tumor grade of malignancy. Additional Southern blot analysis of six renal cell carcinomas gave no indication of chromosomal rearrangement events or gene amplification.