Roman Chlibek - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Roman Chlibek
Monitorování Antimikrobiální Účinnosti Dezinfekčních Přípravků Pomocí Otiskovaných Metod
MMSL, Oct 1, 1998
In-vivo mezidruhový přenos KPC karbapenemázy u dlouhodobě léčené pacientky
Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie, 2019
Wirksamkeit, Immunogenität und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten-Impfstoffkandidaten bei Erwachsenen ab 60 Jahren und älter : Ergebnisse aus den Wirksamkeitsstudien ZOE-50 und ZOE-70
Der Internist, 2018
Wirksamkeit, Immunogenitat und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten... more Wirksamkeit, Immunogenitat und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten-Impfstoffkandidaten bei Erwachsenen ab 60 Jahren und alter : Ergebnisse aus den Wirksamkeitsstudien ZOE-50 und ZOE-70
Ceska republika byla v roce 2004 prohlasena za zemi prostou vztekliny. V roce 2005 vsak doslo ke ... more Ceska republika byla v roce 2004 prohlasena za zemi prostou vztekliny. V roce 2005 vsak doslo ke kontaktu několika děvcat s nemocným netopýrem, který byl nakažen virem vztekliny. Vyhlasený status "rabies free" vychazi z definice Mezinarodniho uřadu pro nakazu zviřat, který na rozdil od definice Světove zdravotnicke organizace nevyžaduje negativitu vztekliny u netopýrů. Tento stav vyžaduje zvýsenou pozornost pravě u kontaktů s netopýry nejen v CR, ale v ramci cele Evropy. Navic se k teto udalosti přidaly připady přenosu vztekliny při transplantaci v USA a Německu a zvýsily dalsi naroky na transplantacni programy, ale take na obezřetnost lekařů a obyvatel.
Prevalence asymptomatických forem VHA a VHB v dospělé populaci a její dopad na očkování v armádě
Se stoupajĂcĂ ĂsAastĂ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂkĹŻ AAR ve vojenskĂ˝ch misĂch a pĹĂtomnostĂ vojĂĄkĹŻ ... more Se stoupajĂcĂ ĂsAastĂ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂkĹŻ AAR ve vojenskĂ˝ch misĂch a pĹĂtomnostĂ vojĂĄkĹŻ v zahraniAĂ stoupĂĄ na vĂ˝znamu prevence vzniku infekAnĂch onemocnAnĂ spojenĂ˝ch s cestovĂĄnĂm a pobytem v exotickĂ˝ch oblastech. Z tohoto pohledu a z charakteru sluĹžebnĂho nasazenĂ jsou vojĂĄci vystaveni vĂce neĹž kdo jinĂ˝ nebezpeAĂ vzniku infekAnĂch onemocnAnĂ, eventuĂĄlnA epidemiĂ. Mezi nejAastAjĹĄĂ onemocnAnĂ, kterĂĄ jsou preventivnA ovlivnitelnĂĄ a jejich riziko nĂĄkazy pĹi pobytu v endemickĂ˝ch oblastech je vysokĂS, patĹĂ virovĂĄ hepatitida A (VHA) a B (VHB). Proto takĂS oAkovĂĄnĂ proti tAmto hepatitidĂĄm se v AAR provĂĄdĂ tĂSmAĹ rutinnA u vĹĄech vojĂĄkĹŻ pĹed vĂ˝jezdem do zahraniAĂ. S profesionalizacĂ armĂĄdy a absencĂ mladĂ˝ch vojĂĄkĹŻ zĂĄkladnĂ sluĹžby se dĂĄ pĹedpoklĂĄdat, Ĺže vAkovĂ˝ prĹŻmAr bude spĂĹĄe vyĹĄĹĄĂ, neĹž tomu bĂ˝valo v uplynulĂ˝ch letech. SĂSroprevalence protilĂĄtek bĂ˝vĂĄ prĂĄvA Aasto ovlivnAna vAkem. Na zĂĄklad...
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2015
Vojenská epidemiologie : dezinfekce, sterilizace a dekontaminace : sterilizace a dezinfekce v AČR, velká a malá přístrojová technika používaná v AČR, dekontaminace a dezinfekce při použití B-agens, dekontaminace za mimořádných situací : učební text pro vysokoškolskou výuku /
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2006
Administration of human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) post-exposure has been routinely used in Slo... more Administration of human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) post-exposure has been routinely used in Slovakia for outbreak control of hepatitis A, but requires deep intramuscular injection, provides only short-lived protection and is a human blood product. The protective effect of post-exposure administration of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was evaluated during 10 outbreaks in Slovakia. Direct contacts of confirmed hepatitis A cases received either: a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine (n = 2171) or immunoglobulin (HNIG, n = 3837). In the HNIG group the number of hepatitis A confirmed cases dropped within the first 7 weeks, however the decrease was not as rapid or as marked as that observed in the vaccinated group where the number of hepatitis A cases dropped within the first 4 weeks after vaccination. Among contacts, 67 cases
Očkování u rizikových skupin pacientů v ordinaci praktického lékaře pro dospělé
Proockovanost proti preventabilnim infekcim je v dospěle populaci obecně velice nizka. Snahou by ... more Proockovanost proti preventabilnim infekcim je v dospěle populaci obecně velice nizka. Snahou by mělo být zejmena zvýseni proockovanosti osob se zvýseným rizikem onemocněni infekcnimi nemocemi a dale u osob s chronickými onemocněnimi, u kterých vedle rizika zavažnějsiho průběhu infekce hrozi soucasně i dekompenzace zakladniho onemocněni. Z důvodu sirsiho využiti ockovani jako nastroje prevence vznikl ockovaci kalendař pro dospěle, který by měl představovat jednoduchou pomůcku umožňujici zakladni orientaci v problematice komu a proti jake nemoci je vhodne doporucit ockovani.
Invazivní meningokoková onemocnění
Větsinu meningokokových onemocněni vyvolavaji seroskupiny A, B, C, W-135, X a Y bakterie Neisseri... more Větsinu meningokokových onemocněni vyvolavaji seroskupiny A, B, C, W-135, X a Y bakterie Neisseria meningitidis, jejichž zastoupeni se geograficky lisi. Neisseria meningitidis je velmi dobře citliva na siroke spektrum antibiotik, přesto se u některých jedinců i po zahajeni vcasne antibioticke (ATB) terapie může rozvinout systemova zanětliva odpověď vedouci k těžkemu multiorganovemu selhani. Neisseria meningitidis může vyvolat invazivni a neinvazivni formu onemocněni. Mezi neinvazivni řadime např. zanět nosohltanu, pneumonii, bronchitidu atd., invazivni meningokokove onemocněni (IMO) se manifestuje jako meningokokova sepse, meningokokova meningitida a sepse s meningitidou. Antibioticka lecba ma za cil co nejrychleji eliminovat původce onemocněni a tim mj. snižit produkci vsech cytokinů a mediatorů podilejicich se na rozvoji sepse. V Ceske republice je Neisseria meningitidis dobře citliva na penicilin (PNC), v ramci uvodni empiricke terapie jsou doporucovany cefalosporiny III. generac...
EpidemiologickĂĄ rizika vakcinace proti variole v souÄasnosti: KontaktnĂ pĹenos viru vaccinie
AutoĹi popisujĂ souAasnĂ˝ stav vakcinace proti variole v mimoepidemickĂSm obdobĂ. Jsou uveden... more AutoĹi popisujĂ souAasnĂ˝ stav vakcinace proti variole v mimoepidemickĂSm obdobĂ. Jsou uvedeny indikaAnĂ kritĂSria, doporuAenĂĄ vakcinace pro osoby pracujĂcĂ s virem vaccinie. Je uvedena kazuistika zĂĄvaĹžnĂS komplikace eczema vaccinatum po kontaktnĂm pĹenosu viru vaccinie z otce na syna (vakcinovanĂ˝ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂk armĂĄdy).
The Basic Knowledge of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)Molecular Genetic Testing
VZV is unique among the herpes viruses in its transmission by inhalation of aerosolized virus par... more VZV is unique among the herpes viruses in its transmission by inhalation of aerosolized virus particles. Infection via the respiratory route increases the opportunity for rapid spread of the virus through susceptible populations and exposure of those already latently infected. The genotyping of VZV helps to better understand differences in properties of individual wild type and/or vaccine VZV strains; inform about pathogenic potential of individual VZV strains and help to detect mutations in functionally important gene and analyze their effects on phenotype.
Vaccine, 2019
Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) risk appears to vary by sex and geographic ancestry/ethnicity. Met... more Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) risk appears to vary by sex and geographic ancestry/ethnicity. Methods: In 2 randomized clinical trials, participants received 2 doses of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) or placebo intramuscularly, 2 months apart. In this post-hoc analysis, we investigate efficacy of RZV against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by sex, geographic region, and geographic ancestry/ethnicity in 50-year-olds (ZOE-50: NCT01165177) and 70-year-olds (pooled data from ZOE-50 and ZOE-70: NCT01165229). Results: Vaccine efficacy against HZ or PHN was similar in women and men. Across geographic regions, efficacy against HZ ranged between 95.7 and 97.2% in 50-year-olds, and between 87.3% and 95.1% in 70-year-olds; efficacy against PHN ranged between 86.8 and 100% in 70-year-olds. Across ancestral/ethnic groups, efficacy ranged between 88.1 and 100% against HZ and between 65.9 and 100% against PHN in 70-year-olds. Conclusions: While the ZOE-50/70 studies were not powered or pre-designed for these post-hoc analyses, RZV appears efficacious against HZ and PHN irrespective of sex, region, or geographic ancestry/ethnicity.
Military Medicine, 2003
An epidemic of Qfever was identified among soldiers from the Czech Republic serving in the U.N. S... more An epidemic of Qfever was identified among soldiers from the Czech Republic serving in the U.N. Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997. There were 26 serologically confirmed infections, or 4.6% of those exposed. There were 14 cases of febrile illness and 12 subclinical infections. Prodromal symptoms of malaise, headache, backache, and fatigue were followed by fever 2::39°C with an intermittent course. Physical findings were unremarkable except in five cases with radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Cases were treated with doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ceftriaxone and supportive care. Qfever occurred at four U.N. Stabilization Force bases with the highest incidence at Dolna Ljubija (attack rate 9.4% vs. 2.3% at other locations (risk ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [Cll = 2.7-5.9; p < 0.05). A sheep farm with active lambing was located 100 m from the base. Helicopter operations at a nearby landing zone may have generated infectious environmental aerosols and may have been a cause of the Q fever outbreak.
Central European Journal of Public Health, 2012
The population of the Region (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Israel) is ageing, necessitatin... more The population of the Region (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Israel) is ageing, necessitating preventative programmes to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle in older age groups. Invasive pneumococcal disease (including bacteremic pneumonia, bacteremia without a focus, and meningitis) has higher incidence, morbidity and mortality in older adults and is a substantial public health burden in the ageing population. Surveillance in the Region establishes a significant burden in older adults of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which still appears to be underestimated as compared with other countries, and this warrants an improvement in surveillance systems. The largest proportion of IPD in adults is bacteremic pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), largely attributable to S. pneumoniae, can be bacteremic or non-bacteremic; the non-bacteremic forms of CAP also represent a significant burden in the Region. The burden of pneumococcal disease can be reduced with programmes of effective vaccination. Recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination in adults vary widely across the Region. The main barrier to implementation of vaccination programmes is low awareness among healthcare professionals on serious heatlh consequences of adult pneumococcal disease and of vaccination options. The Expert Panel calls on healthcare providers in the Region to improve pneumococcal surveillance, optimize and disseminate recommendations for adult vaccination, and support awareness and education programmes about adult pneumococcal disease.
Military Medical Science Letters, 2011
The air does contains microbial agents originally coming from the soil, water, plants or animals,... more The air does contains microbial agents originally coming from the soil, water, plants or animals, including men. Temperature, light and humidity are the basic factors which has influence of microbial survival and abundance. Different microorganisms travel by aerial transmission and are involved in serious processes causing pneumonia and other diseases. In our study we decided to investigate microbial load in air at the Transplant Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Hradec Králové, Czech republic for two years period. Air samples were taken from the patient's breathing zone in the single rooms. Air was sampled with Biotest RCS Plus air sampler and material collected on the Total Count strips prepared with Tryptic Soy Agar. The majority of air samples (54.2%) had microbial air load ≤ 100 CFU.m-3. Very low microbial air concentration from 15 to 30 CFU.m-3 was detected in the rooms before admission of new patients. Higher concentration was detected when medical staff was present in the room and investigation or treatment was carried out. The majority of microbial findings in the air were Gram-positive cocci (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Micrococcus spp., Sarcina spp.). Findings of Gram-negative stems were sporadic (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as incidence of microscopic fungi (Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp.).
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, Jun 20, 2018
In adults aged ≥60 years, two doses of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su; 50µg varicella-z... more In adults aged ≥60 years, two doses of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su; 50µg varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E [gE] and AS01Adjuvant System) elicited humoral and cell-mediated immune responses persisting for at least six years. We assessed immunogenicity nine years post-initial vaccination. This open extension study (NCT02735915) followed 70 participants who received two HZ/su doses in the initial trial (NCT00434577). Blood samples to assess the cellular (intracellular cytokine staining) and humoral (ELISA) immunity were taken at year nine post-initial vaccination. Participants' mean age at dose 1 was 72.3 years. The fold increases over pre-vaccination in the mean frequency of gE-specific CD4+ T-cells expressing ≥2 activation markers plateaued from year four post-dose 1 until year nine. Anti-gE antibody geometric mean concentrations plateaued and remained above pre-vaccination levels from year four onwards. Immunogenicity at year nine was similar across age strata (...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2015
Public Health, 2017
Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a significant health bur... more Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a significant health burden in many countries. Low awareness of the disease, the high rate of asymptomatic cases in adults and difficulties with diagnosis could explain the under-reporting of pertussis. The lack of data on actual incidence constitutes an obstacle for public health authorities for the implementation of a vaccination strategy against pertussis in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis infection in adults and to estimate the actual incidence of the disease compared with the reported incidence. Study design: Prospective, multicentre seroprevalence study. Methods: The study was conducted in 2000 adult subjects aged !18 years who had not received pertussis vaccination within the last 5 years. All enrolled subjects provided a blood sample for serum testing of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin, performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to indicate if they had an acute infection or if they had been infected with pertussis within the last 12 months or earlier. Results were validated in accordance with the guidelines of the European Sero-epidemiology Network 2 and were expressed in ESEN units/ml. Results: A positive concentration of anti-pertussis toxin antibodies, indicating previous pertussis infection, was demonstrated in 39.9% (n ¼ 799) of all study subjects, and 0.40% (n ¼ 8) of subjects had a concentration suggestive of a recent infection (within the last 12 months). The highest antibody seroprevalence was observed in subjects aged 18e29 years (1.46%). No cases of acute infection were detected. Conclusions: During the study period, the reported incidence of pertussis in the adult population was 0.84/100,000 inhabitants. Based on the seroprevalence results from this study, it is estimated that the actual incidence of pertussis could be as much as 699/100,000
Monitorování Antimikrobiální Účinnosti Dezinfekčních Přípravků Pomocí Otiskovaných Metod
MMSL, Oct 1, 1998
In-vivo mezidruhový přenos KPC karbapenemázy u dlouhodobě léčené pacientky
Epidemiologie Mikrobiologie Imunologie, 2019
Wirksamkeit, Immunogenität und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten-Impfstoffkandidaten bei Erwachsenen ab 60 Jahren und älter : Ergebnisse aus den Wirksamkeitsstudien ZOE-50 und ZOE-70
Der Internist, 2018
Wirksamkeit, Immunogenitat und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten... more Wirksamkeit, Immunogenitat und Sicherheit eines adjuvantierten Herpes Zoster-Virus Untereinheiten-Impfstoffkandidaten bei Erwachsenen ab 60 Jahren und alter : Ergebnisse aus den Wirksamkeitsstudien ZOE-50 und ZOE-70
Ceska republika byla v roce 2004 prohlasena za zemi prostou vztekliny. V roce 2005 vsak doslo ke ... more Ceska republika byla v roce 2004 prohlasena za zemi prostou vztekliny. V roce 2005 vsak doslo ke kontaktu několika děvcat s nemocným netopýrem, který byl nakažen virem vztekliny. Vyhlasený status "rabies free" vychazi z definice Mezinarodniho uřadu pro nakazu zviřat, který na rozdil od definice Světove zdravotnicke organizace nevyžaduje negativitu vztekliny u netopýrů. Tento stav vyžaduje zvýsenou pozornost pravě u kontaktů s netopýry nejen v CR, ale v ramci cele Evropy. Navic se k teto udalosti přidaly připady přenosu vztekliny při transplantaci v USA a Německu a zvýsily dalsi naroky na transplantacni programy, ale take na obezřetnost lekařů a obyvatel.
Prevalence asymptomatických forem VHA a VHB v dospělé populaci a její dopad na očkování v armádě
Se stoupajĂcĂ ĂsAastĂ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂkĹŻ AAR ve vojenskĂ˝ch misĂch a pĹĂtomnostĂ vojĂĄkĹŻ ... more Se stoupajĂcĂ ĂsAastĂ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂkĹŻ AAR ve vojenskĂ˝ch misĂch a pĹĂtomnostĂ vojĂĄkĹŻ v zahraniAĂ stoupĂĄ na vĂ˝znamu prevence vzniku infekAnĂch onemocnAnĂ spojenĂ˝ch s cestovĂĄnĂm a pobytem v exotickĂ˝ch oblastech. Z tohoto pohledu a z charakteru sluĹžebnĂho nasazenĂ jsou vojĂĄci vystaveni vĂce neĹž kdo jinĂ˝ nebezpeAĂ vzniku infekAnĂch onemocnAnĂ, eventuĂĄlnA epidemiĂ. Mezi nejAastAjĹĄĂ onemocnAnĂ, kterĂĄ jsou preventivnA ovlivnitelnĂĄ a jejich riziko nĂĄkazy pĹi pobytu v endemickĂ˝ch oblastech je vysokĂS, patĹĂ virovĂĄ hepatitida A (VHA) a B (VHB). Proto takĂS oAkovĂĄnĂ proti tAmto hepatitidĂĄm se v AAR provĂĄdĂ tĂSmAĹ rutinnA u vĹĄech vojĂĄkĹŻ pĹed vĂ˝jezdem do zahraniAĂ. S profesionalizacĂ armĂĄdy a absencĂ mladĂ˝ch vojĂĄkĹŻ zĂĄkladnĂ sluĹžby se dĂĄ pĹedpoklĂĄdat, Ĺže vAkovĂ˝ prĹŻmAr bude spĂĹĄe vyĹĄĹĄĂ, neĹž tomu bĂ˝valo v uplynulĂ˝ch letech. SĂSroprevalence protilĂĄtek bĂ˝vĂĄ prĂĄvA Aasto ovlivnAna vAkem. Na zĂĄklad...
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2015
Vojenská epidemiologie : dezinfekce, sterilizace a dekontaminace : sterilizace a dezinfekce v AČR, velká a malá přístrojová technika používaná v AČR, dekontaminace a dezinfekce při použití B-agens, dekontaminace za mimořádných situací : učební text pro vysokoškolskou výuku /
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2006
Administration of human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) post-exposure has been routinely used in Slo... more Administration of human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) post-exposure has been routinely used in Slovakia for outbreak control of hepatitis A, but requires deep intramuscular injection, provides only short-lived protection and is a human blood product. The protective effect of post-exposure administration of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was evaluated during 10 outbreaks in Slovakia. Direct contacts of confirmed hepatitis A cases received either: a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine (n = 2171) or immunoglobulin (HNIG, n = 3837). In the HNIG group the number of hepatitis A confirmed cases dropped within the first 7 weeks, however the decrease was not as rapid or as marked as that observed in the vaccinated group where the number of hepatitis A cases dropped within the first 4 weeks after vaccination. Among contacts, 67 cases
Očkování u rizikových skupin pacientů v ordinaci praktického lékaře pro dospělé
Proockovanost proti preventabilnim infekcim je v dospěle populaci obecně velice nizka. Snahou by ... more Proockovanost proti preventabilnim infekcim je v dospěle populaci obecně velice nizka. Snahou by mělo být zejmena zvýseni proockovanosti osob se zvýseným rizikem onemocněni infekcnimi nemocemi a dale u osob s chronickými onemocněnimi, u kterých vedle rizika zavažnějsiho průběhu infekce hrozi soucasně i dekompenzace zakladniho onemocněni. Z důvodu sirsiho využiti ockovani jako nastroje prevence vznikl ockovaci kalendař pro dospěle, který by měl představovat jednoduchou pomůcku umožňujici zakladni orientaci v problematice komu a proti jake nemoci je vhodne doporucit ockovani.
Invazivní meningokoková onemocnění
Větsinu meningokokových onemocněni vyvolavaji seroskupiny A, B, C, W-135, X a Y bakterie Neisseri... more Větsinu meningokokových onemocněni vyvolavaji seroskupiny A, B, C, W-135, X a Y bakterie Neisseria meningitidis, jejichž zastoupeni se geograficky lisi. Neisseria meningitidis je velmi dobře citliva na siroke spektrum antibiotik, přesto se u některých jedinců i po zahajeni vcasne antibioticke (ATB) terapie může rozvinout systemova zanětliva odpověď vedouci k těžkemu multiorganovemu selhani. Neisseria meningitidis může vyvolat invazivni a neinvazivni formu onemocněni. Mezi neinvazivni řadime např. zanět nosohltanu, pneumonii, bronchitidu atd., invazivni meningokokove onemocněni (IMO) se manifestuje jako meningokokova sepse, meningokokova meningitida a sepse s meningitidou. Antibioticka lecba ma za cil co nejrychleji eliminovat původce onemocněni a tim mj. snižit produkci vsech cytokinů a mediatorů podilejicich se na rozvoji sepse. V Ceske republice je Neisseria meningitidis dobře citliva na penicilin (PNC), v ramci uvodni empiricke terapie jsou doporucovany cefalosporiny III. generac...
EpidemiologickĂĄ rizika vakcinace proti variole v souÄasnosti: KontaktnĂ pĹenos viru vaccinie
AutoĹi popisujĂ souAasnĂ˝ stav vakcinace proti variole v mimoepidemickĂSm obdobĂ. Jsou uveden... more AutoĹi popisujĂ souAasnĂ˝ stav vakcinace proti variole v mimoepidemickĂSm obdobĂ. Jsou uvedeny indikaAnĂ kritĂSria, doporuAenĂĄ vakcinace pro osoby pracujĂcĂ s virem vaccinie. Je uvedena kazuistika zĂĄvaĹžnĂS komplikace eczema vaccinatum po kontaktnĂm pĹenosu viru vaccinie z otce na syna (vakcinovanĂ˝ pĹĂsluĹĄnĂk armĂĄdy).
The Basic Knowledge of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)Molecular Genetic Testing
VZV is unique among the herpes viruses in its transmission by inhalation of aerosolized virus par... more VZV is unique among the herpes viruses in its transmission by inhalation of aerosolized virus particles. Infection via the respiratory route increases the opportunity for rapid spread of the virus through susceptible populations and exposure of those already latently infected. The genotyping of VZV helps to better understand differences in properties of individual wild type and/or vaccine VZV strains; inform about pathogenic potential of individual VZV strains and help to detect mutations in functionally important gene and analyze their effects on phenotype.
Vaccine, 2019
Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) risk appears to vary by sex and geographic ancestry/ethnicity. Met... more Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) risk appears to vary by sex and geographic ancestry/ethnicity. Methods: In 2 randomized clinical trials, participants received 2 doses of adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) or placebo intramuscularly, 2 months apart. In this post-hoc analysis, we investigate efficacy of RZV against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) by sex, geographic region, and geographic ancestry/ethnicity in 50-year-olds (ZOE-50: NCT01165177) and 70-year-olds (pooled data from ZOE-50 and ZOE-70: NCT01165229). Results: Vaccine efficacy against HZ or PHN was similar in women and men. Across geographic regions, efficacy against HZ ranged between 95.7 and 97.2% in 50-year-olds, and between 87.3% and 95.1% in 70-year-olds; efficacy against PHN ranged between 86.8 and 100% in 70-year-olds. Across ancestral/ethnic groups, efficacy ranged between 88.1 and 100% against HZ and between 65.9 and 100% against PHN in 70-year-olds. Conclusions: While the ZOE-50/70 studies were not powered or pre-designed for these post-hoc analyses, RZV appears efficacious against HZ and PHN irrespective of sex, region, or geographic ancestry/ethnicity.
Military Medicine, 2003
An epidemic of Qfever was identified among soldiers from the Czech Republic serving in the U.N. S... more An epidemic of Qfever was identified among soldiers from the Czech Republic serving in the U.N. Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1997. There were 26 serologically confirmed infections, or 4.6% of those exposed. There were 14 cases of febrile illness and 12 subclinical infections. Prodromal symptoms of malaise, headache, backache, and fatigue were followed by fever 2::39°C with an intermittent course. Physical findings were unremarkable except in five cases with radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Cases were treated with doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ceftriaxone and supportive care. Qfever occurred at four U.N. Stabilization Force bases with the highest incidence at Dolna Ljubija (attack rate 9.4% vs. 2.3% at other locations (risk ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [Cll = 2.7-5.9; p < 0.05). A sheep farm with active lambing was located 100 m from the base. Helicopter operations at a nearby landing zone may have generated infectious environmental aerosols and may have been a cause of the Q fever outbreak.
Central European Journal of Public Health, 2012
The population of the Region (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Israel) is ageing, necessitatin... more The population of the Region (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Israel) is ageing, necessitating preventative programmes to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle in older age groups. Invasive pneumococcal disease (including bacteremic pneumonia, bacteremia without a focus, and meningitis) has higher incidence, morbidity and mortality in older adults and is a substantial public health burden in the ageing population. Surveillance in the Region establishes a significant burden in older adults of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which still appears to be underestimated as compared with other countries, and this warrants an improvement in surveillance systems. The largest proportion of IPD in adults is bacteremic pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), largely attributable to S. pneumoniae, can be bacteremic or non-bacteremic; the non-bacteremic forms of CAP also represent a significant burden in the Region. The burden of pneumococcal disease can be reduced with programmes of effective vaccination. Recommendations on pneumococcal vaccination in adults vary widely across the Region. The main barrier to implementation of vaccination programmes is low awareness among healthcare professionals on serious heatlh consequences of adult pneumococcal disease and of vaccination options. The Expert Panel calls on healthcare providers in the Region to improve pneumococcal surveillance, optimize and disseminate recommendations for adult vaccination, and support awareness and education programmes about adult pneumococcal disease.
Military Medical Science Letters, 2011
The air does contains microbial agents originally coming from the soil, water, plants or animals,... more The air does contains microbial agents originally coming from the soil, water, plants or animals, including men. Temperature, light and humidity are the basic factors which has influence of microbial survival and abundance. Different microorganisms travel by aerial transmission and are involved in serious processes causing pneumonia and other diseases. In our study we decided to investigate microbial load in air at the Transplant Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Hradec Králové, Czech republic for two years period. Air samples were taken from the patient's breathing zone in the single rooms. Air was sampled with Biotest RCS Plus air sampler and material collected on the Total Count strips prepared with Tryptic Soy Agar. The majority of air samples (54.2%) had microbial air load ≤ 100 CFU.m-3. Very low microbial air concentration from 15 to 30 CFU.m-3 was detected in the rooms before admission of new patients. Higher concentration was detected when medical staff was present in the room and investigation or treatment was carried out. The majority of microbial findings in the air were Gram-positive cocci (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Micrococcus spp., Sarcina spp.). Findings of Gram-negative stems were sporadic (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as incidence of microscopic fungi (Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp.).
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, Jun 20, 2018
In adults aged ≥60 years, two doses of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su; 50µg varicella-z... more In adults aged ≥60 years, two doses of the herpes zoster subunit vaccine (HZ/su; 50µg varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E [gE] and AS01Adjuvant System) elicited humoral and cell-mediated immune responses persisting for at least six years. We assessed immunogenicity nine years post-initial vaccination. This open extension study (NCT02735915) followed 70 participants who received two HZ/su doses in the initial trial (NCT00434577). Blood samples to assess the cellular (intracellular cytokine staining) and humoral (ELISA) immunity were taken at year nine post-initial vaccination. Participants' mean age at dose 1 was 72.3 years. The fold increases over pre-vaccination in the mean frequency of gE-specific CD4+ T-cells expressing ≥2 activation markers plateaued from year four post-dose 1 until year nine. Anti-gE antibody geometric mean concentrations plateaued and remained above pre-vaccination levels from year four onwards. Immunogenicity at year nine was similar across age strata (...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2015
Public Health, 2017
Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a significant health bur... more Objectives: Despite widespread vaccination programmes, pertussis remains a significant health burden in many countries. Low awareness of the disease, the high rate of asymptomatic cases in adults and difficulties with diagnosis could explain the under-reporting of pertussis. The lack of data on actual incidence constitutes an obstacle for public health authorities for the implementation of a vaccination strategy against pertussis in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis infection in adults and to estimate the actual incidence of the disease compared with the reported incidence. Study design: Prospective, multicentre seroprevalence study. Methods: The study was conducted in 2000 adult subjects aged !18 years who had not received pertussis vaccination within the last 5 years. All enrolled subjects provided a blood sample for serum testing of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin, performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to indicate if they had an acute infection or if they had been infected with pertussis within the last 12 months or earlier. Results were validated in accordance with the guidelines of the European Sero-epidemiology Network 2 and were expressed in ESEN units/ml. Results: A positive concentration of anti-pertussis toxin antibodies, indicating previous pertussis infection, was demonstrated in 39.9% (n ¼ 799) of all study subjects, and 0.40% (n ¼ 8) of subjects had a concentration suggestive of a recent infection (within the last 12 months). The highest antibody seroprevalence was observed in subjects aged 18e29 years (1.46%). No cases of acute infection were detected. Conclusions: During the study period, the reported incidence of pertussis in the adult population was 0.84/100,000 inhabitants. Based on the seroprevalence results from this study, it is estimated that the actual incidence of pertussis could be as much as 699/100,000