Rosalie Mainous - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rosalie Mainous
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Objective Pain assessment in the preterm neonate ⩽32 weeks post-conceptual age continues to be pl... more Objective Pain assessment in the preterm neonate ⩽32 weeks post-conceptual age continues to be plagued by confounding factors: the ability to mount a behavioural response, sedation and the use of paralytics and the skill level of the bedside nurse. Reports indicate that the neonate is undermedicated for pain and subject to detrimental physiological stress. Innovations in technology offer the potential for non-invasive reliable methods of pain assessment. Methods Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides cerebral monitoring of tissue oxygenation status (rSO2) and blood volume. Oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin absorb light at different points in the near infrared spectrum, providing bedside data to the clinician on tissue oxygen uptake. Pulsatile flow is not required as in pulse oximetry (SpO2). Results Recent reports indicate that the rSO2 will change before the SpO2 in response to stimuli, providing an early marker for decreased oxygenation of the brain. It is well known that a pain stimulus such as a heel stick will cause a decrease in SpO2, an increase in CO2 and a compensatory response of an increase in cerebral blood flow. Alterations in cerebral peak systolic velocity and resistance have been reported as a pain response. Depending on acuity and gestational age, this response could be marked and potentially put the neonate at risk of a haemorrhagic cerebral event. Conclusions NIRS offers the potential for a new non-invasive method of pain assessment and an early means for intervention before severe alterations in cerebral tissue oxygenation.
Pediatrics, Oct 1, 2012
Inguinal hernia repair in infants is a routine surgical procedure. However, numerous issues, incl... more Inguinal hernia repair in infants is a routine surgical procedure. However, numerous issues, including timing of the repair, the need to explore the contralateral groin, use of laparoscopy, and anesthetic approach, remain unsettled. Given the lack of compelling data, consideration should be given to large, prospective, randomized controlled trials to determine best practices for the management of inguinal hernias in infants.
STTI/NLN Nursing Education Research Conference, Mar 29, 2016
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2001
Advances in Neonatal Care, Apr 1, 2008
Pediatrics, Apr 1, 2012
Health care−associated infections in the NICU are a major clinical problem resulting in increased... more Health care−associated infections in the NICU are a major clinical problem resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Neonates are at high risk for health care−associated infections because of impaired host defense mechanisms, limited amounts of protective endogenous flora on skin and mucosal surfaces at time of birth, reduced barrier function of neonatal skin, the use of invasive procedures and devices, and frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This statement will review the epidemiology and diagnosis of health care−associated infections in newborn infants.
Biological Psychiatry, Nov 1, 1997
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Traditional vital signs in the neonatal patient include temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate... more Traditional vital signs in the neonatal patient include temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure. Invasive monitoring in the neonate is technically challenging. Shock often remains underrecognised and treated late, with resultant ischaemic end-organ damage, which may lead to death. Cerebral and somatic oximetry measures mixed venous and capillary oxygenation, reflective of end-organ (regional) oxygenation. By measuring cerebral and somatic saturation, early aberrations in regional blood flow can be identified, allowing for interventions before the development of the major manifestations of shock. Objectives To utilise cerebral and somatic oximetry for early detection of shock states, guidance and assessment of therapeutic interventions and predicting complications and outcomes. Methods Following the purchase of five cerebral/somatic oximeters, health practitioner education was undertaken and single and multisite near infrared spectroscopy monitoring begun. A registry was formed to allow for data collection, including patient demographic data and oximetry data. Results To date, approximately 70 patients have been monitored. Individual cases illustrate the potential benefits of cerebral and somatic oximetry in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusions As cerebral and somatic oximetry becomes more commonplace in the NICU, patient management and outcomes should improve. As a research tool, the use of regional oxygenation monitoring will provide valuable insights into the unique physiology of the term and preterm infant.
index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births f... more index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births for 2009 was 12.3%; down from a high of 13.6% in 2006 but still not at the goal rate of 9.6%. Ohio ranks 30 th out of 52 states and territories (National Center for Health Statistics, 2009) for preterm birth. Amidst an escalation of premature infant survival, accompanying developmental delays of prematurity have also increased. Premature infants do not provide easily interpreted behavioral cues which create frustration and stress in parents. In turn, this disrupted pattern of communication could possibly further compromise the infant's care. The parents of a premature infant need guidance and educational support as they attempt these initial infant-parent interactions (Bozzette, 2007; Woodwell, 2002). Further, the amount of time, energy, and financial resources required to take care of a premature infant at home strains the attachment between mother and child. One British study, Spencer (2006), found a correlation between rates of abuse and prematurity regardless of socioeconomic status or maternal age. The study can't explain the findings, but postulates that perhaps premature infants may have characteristics that could provoke hostility in caregivers. Characteristics such as inconsolable crying, more intensive direct care needs, and increased timeconsuming and expensive medical interactions all add to parental stress. Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion (2010) also report that the incidence of physical and emotional abuse is increased in preterm infants or those with high risk conditions when they are separated from their parents. In order to prevent such negative outcomes, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have implemented steps to promote parental bonding with their babies. In 2009, the Montgomery County Health Department (MCHD) in Ohio reported from 2006-2008, 12.4% of the total number of births in Montgomery County were babies born before 37 weeks gestation or an average of 894 premature babies a year for that period (MCHD Vital Statistics, 2009). Effective
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Nurse Educator, Apr 4, 2023
The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been investigated with regard to both depression and ... more The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been investigated with regard to both depression and suicidality in adolescents (Robbins and Alessi 1985); however the HPGA (hypothalamicpituitary-gonadotropin axis) has received limited investigation regarding associations with suicidality. Bergman and Brismar (1994) reported no association of testosterone with suicidality in suicidal male alcoholics, however, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was lower in repeated suicide attempters. Fouresti6 et al (1986) found that suicide attempts were ,'associated with low plasma estradiol during the first week and after the fourth week of the menstrual cycle. Specific HPGA correlations with suicidality in adolescents have not been explored, even though the HPGA changes dramatically and suicidality rises (Shaffer 1988) during puberty. Further, gender differences in suicidal behaviors emerge in adolescence (Shaffer 1988). Of the hormones of the HPGA axis, progesterone is of particular interes...
Nurse Leader, 2017
BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine (IOM) hallmark report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change,... more BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine (IOM) hallmark report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health 1 offers several key messages accompanied by specific recommendations. Specifically, the authors of this report, the first group of predominately non-nurses to bring recommendations forward for nursing, proposed an increase in the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses in the workforce to 80% and the implementation of new graduate nurse residency programs to facilitate the transition into practice. 1 An effective partnership between academia and practice is required to accomplish these 2 recommendations alone. Many academicians and nurse leaders alike have been advocating for a meaningful partnership between academia and service. 2-10 Although we identified numerous articles in the literature supporting the concept of academic-service www.nurseleader.com Note: No funding was offered for the preparation of this work.
Nurse Leader, 2017
Differences in Knowledge Base at First Registered Nurse Employment Following Introduction of a Fo... more Differences in Knowledge Base at First Registered Nurse Employment Following Introduction of a Focused, High-Fidelity Simulation in a Baccalaureate Program N ew graduate registered nurses (NGRNs), armed with a degree and having passed the licensure exam, regularly have difficulty in transitioning to registered nurse practice. This phenomenon has been a part of the professional community for decades. Central to the problem of knowledge gaps at hire is the debate on what competencies are required of the new graduate and what challenges the new graduate faces. In a qualitative study of NGRNs, commonalities of their experiences were elicited. Problematic communication with physicians, concern over their ability to supervise unlicensed personnel, and the impact of horizontal violence from experienced nurses were all part of the transition process. 1 Competence in the clinical setting has been found to be positively correlated with empowerment; empowerment includes such factors as courage, autonomy and innovativeness. 2 Organizational factors have a direct impact on empowerment. Academic preparation is key to communication skills and the ability to prioritize.
Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research Scholarship and Creativity at Wright State, 2012
index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births f... more index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births for 2009 was 12.3%; down from a high of 13.6% in 2006 but still not at the goal rate of 9.6%. Ohio ranks 30 th out of 52 states and territories (National Center for Health Statistics, 2009) for preterm birth. Amidst an escalation of premature infant survival, accompanying developmental delays of prematurity have also increased. Premature infants do not provide easily interpreted behavioral cues which create frustration and stress in parents. In turn, this disrupted pattern of communication could possibly further compromise the infant's care. The parents of a premature infant need guidance and educational support as they attempt these initial infant-parent interactions (Bozzette, 2007; Woodwell, 2002). Further, the amount of time, energy, and financial resources required to take care of a premature infant at home strains the attachment between mother and child. One British study, Spencer (2006), found a correlation between rates of abuse and prematurity regardless of socioeconomic status or maternal age. The study can't explain the findings, but postulates that perhaps premature infants may have characteristics that could provoke hostility in caregivers. Characteristics such as inconsolable crying, more intensive direct care needs, and increased timeconsuming and expensive medical interactions all add to parental stress. Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion (2010) also report that the incidence of physical and emotional abuse is increased in preterm infants or those with high risk conditions when they are separated from their parents. In order to prevent such negative outcomes, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have implemented steps to promote parental bonding with their babies. In 2009, the Montgomery County Health Department (MCHD) in Ohio reported from 2006-2008, 12.4% of the total number of births in Montgomery County were babies born before 37 weeks gestation or an average of 894 premature babies a year for that period (MCHD Vital Statistics, 2009). Effective 1 Herzing and Mainous: Integration of Premature Infants into Family Life
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2001
This study was an investigation of the association of attitudes toward guns with self-reports of ... more This study was an investigation of the association of attitudes toward guns with self-reports of alcohol/drug use, and impulsivity. Participants included 160 male and female high school students, who completed five questions regarding attitudes toward guns, in addition to questions about alcohol/drug use. Data were analyzed using t-tests. Males were more likely to feel that a home was safer with a gun. Feeling positively about a gun was associated with alcohol use in males and impulsive, aggressive behavior in males and females. A greater understanding of attitudes toward guns must take into account gender, alcohol use, and impulsive and aggressive tendencies.
Pediatrics, 2012
Provision of risk-appropriate care for newborn infants and mothers was first proposed in 1976. Th... more Provision of risk-appropriate care for newborn infants and mothers was first proposed in 1976. This updated policy statement provides a review of data supporting evidence for a tiered provision of care and reaffirms the need for uniform, nationally applicable definitions and consistent standards of service for public health to improve neonatal outcomes. Facilities that provide hospital care for newborn infants should be classified on the basis of functional capabilities, and these facilities should be organized within a regionalized system of perinatal care.
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Objective Pain assessment in the preterm neonate ⩽32 weeks post-conceptual age continues to be pl... more Objective Pain assessment in the preterm neonate ⩽32 weeks post-conceptual age continues to be plagued by confounding factors: the ability to mount a behavioural response, sedation and the use of paralytics and the skill level of the bedside nurse. Reports indicate that the neonate is undermedicated for pain and subject to detrimental physiological stress. Innovations in technology offer the potential for non-invasive reliable methods of pain assessment. Methods Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides cerebral monitoring of tissue oxygenation status (rSO2) and blood volume. Oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin absorb light at different points in the near infrared spectrum, providing bedside data to the clinician on tissue oxygen uptake. Pulsatile flow is not required as in pulse oximetry (SpO2). Results Recent reports indicate that the rSO2 will change before the SpO2 in response to stimuli, providing an early marker for decreased oxygenation of the brain. It is well known that a pain stimulus such as a heel stick will cause a decrease in SpO2, an increase in CO2 and a compensatory response of an increase in cerebral blood flow. Alterations in cerebral peak systolic velocity and resistance have been reported as a pain response. Depending on acuity and gestational age, this response could be marked and potentially put the neonate at risk of a haemorrhagic cerebral event. Conclusions NIRS offers the potential for a new non-invasive method of pain assessment and an early means for intervention before severe alterations in cerebral tissue oxygenation.
Pediatrics, Oct 1, 2012
Inguinal hernia repair in infants is a routine surgical procedure. However, numerous issues, incl... more Inguinal hernia repair in infants is a routine surgical procedure. However, numerous issues, including timing of the repair, the need to explore the contralateral groin, use of laparoscopy, and anesthetic approach, remain unsettled. Given the lack of compelling data, consideration should be given to large, prospective, randomized controlled trials to determine best practices for the management of inguinal hernias in infants.
STTI/NLN Nursing Education Research Conference, Mar 29, 2016
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2001
Advances in Neonatal Care, Apr 1, 2008
Pediatrics, Apr 1, 2012
Health care−associated infections in the NICU are a major clinical problem resulting in increased... more Health care−associated infections in the NICU are a major clinical problem resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of hospital stays, and increased medical costs. Neonates are at high risk for health care−associated infections because of impaired host defense mechanisms, limited amounts of protective endogenous flora on skin and mucosal surfaces at time of birth, reduced barrier function of neonatal skin, the use of invasive procedures and devices, and frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This statement will review the epidemiology and diagnosis of health care−associated infections in newborn infants.
Biological Psychiatry, Nov 1, 1997
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008
Traditional vital signs in the neonatal patient include temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate... more Traditional vital signs in the neonatal patient include temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure. Invasive monitoring in the neonate is technically challenging. Shock often remains underrecognised and treated late, with resultant ischaemic end-organ damage, which may lead to death. Cerebral and somatic oximetry measures mixed venous and capillary oxygenation, reflective of end-organ (regional) oxygenation. By measuring cerebral and somatic saturation, early aberrations in regional blood flow can be identified, allowing for interventions before the development of the major manifestations of shock. Objectives To utilise cerebral and somatic oximetry for early detection of shock states, guidance and assessment of therapeutic interventions and predicting complications and outcomes. Methods Following the purchase of five cerebral/somatic oximeters, health practitioner education was undertaken and single and multisite near infrared spectroscopy monitoring begun. A registry was formed to allow for data collection, including patient demographic data and oximetry data. Results To date, approximately 70 patients have been monitored. Individual cases illustrate the potential benefits of cerebral and somatic oximetry in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusions As cerebral and somatic oximetry becomes more commonplace in the NICU, patient management and outcomes should improve. As a research tool, the use of regional oxygenation monitoring will provide valuable insights into the unique physiology of the term and preterm infant.
index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births f... more index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births for 2009 was 12.3%; down from a high of 13.6% in 2006 but still not at the goal rate of 9.6%. Ohio ranks 30 th out of 52 states and territories (National Center for Health Statistics, 2009) for preterm birth. Amidst an escalation of premature infant survival, accompanying developmental delays of prematurity have also increased. Premature infants do not provide easily interpreted behavioral cues which create frustration and stress in parents. In turn, this disrupted pattern of communication could possibly further compromise the infant's care. The parents of a premature infant need guidance and educational support as they attempt these initial infant-parent interactions (Bozzette, 2007; Woodwell, 2002). Further, the amount of time, energy, and financial resources required to take care of a premature infant at home strains the attachment between mother and child. One British study, Spencer (2006), found a correlation between rates of abuse and prematurity regardless of socioeconomic status or maternal age. The study can't explain the findings, but postulates that perhaps premature infants may have characteristics that could provoke hostility in caregivers. Characteristics such as inconsolable crying, more intensive direct care needs, and increased timeconsuming and expensive medical interactions all add to parental stress. Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion (2010) also report that the incidence of physical and emotional abuse is increased in preterm infants or those with high risk conditions when they are separated from their parents. In order to prevent such negative outcomes, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have implemented steps to promote parental bonding with their babies. In 2009, the Montgomery County Health Department (MCHD) in Ohio reported from 2006-2008, 12.4% of the total number of births in Montgomery County were babies born before 37 weeks gestation or an average of 894 premature babies a year for that period (MCHD Vital Statistics, 2009). Effective
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Nurse Educator, Apr 4, 2023
The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been investigated with regard to both depression and ... more The Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been investigated with regard to both depression and suicidality in adolescents (Robbins and Alessi 1985); however the HPGA (hypothalamicpituitary-gonadotropin axis) has received limited investigation regarding associations with suicidality. Bergman and Brismar (1994) reported no association of testosterone with suicidality in suicidal male alcoholics, however, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was lower in repeated suicide attempters. Fouresti6 et al (1986) found that suicide attempts were ,'associated with low plasma estradiol during the first week and after the fourth week of the menstrual cycle. Specific HPGA correlations with suicidality in adolescents have not been explored, even though the HPGA changes dramatically and suicidality rises (Shaffer 1988) during puberty. Further, gender differences in suicidal behaviors emerge in adolescence (Shaffer 1988). Of the hormones of the HPGA axis, progesterone is of particular interes...
Nurse Leader, 2017
BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine (IOM) hallmark report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change,... more BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine (IOM) hallmark report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health 1 offers several key messages accompanied by specific recommendations. Specifically, the authors of this report, the first group of predominately non-nurses to bring recommendations forward for nursing, proposed an increase in the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses in the workforce to 80% and the implementation of new graduate nurse residency programs to facilitate the transition into practice. 1 An effective partnership between academia and practice is required to accomplish these 2 recommendations alone. Many academicians and nurse leaders alike have been advocating for a meaningful partnership between academia and service. 2-10 Although we identified numerous articles in the literature supporting the concept of academic-service www.nurseleader.com Note: No funding was offered for the preparation of this work.
Nurse Leader, 2017
Differences in Knowledge Base at First Registered Nurse Employment Following Introduction of a Fo... more Differences in Knowledge Base at First Registered Nurse Employment Following Introduction of a Focused, High-Fidelity Simulation in a Baccalaureate Program N ew graduate registered nurses (NGRNs), armed with a degree and having passed the licensure exam, regularly have difficulty in transitioning to registered nurse practice. This phenomenon has been a part of the professional community for decades. Central to the problem of knowledge gaps at hire is the debate on what competencies are required of the new graduate and what challenges the new graduate faces. In a qualitative study of NGRNs, commonalities of their experiences were elicited. Problematic communication with physicians, concern over their ability to supervise unlicensed personnel, and the impact of horizontal violence from experienced nurses were all part of the transition process. 1 Competence in the clinical setting has been found to be positively correlated with empowerment; empowerment includes such factors as courage, autonomy and innovativeness. 2 Organizational factors have a direct impact on empowerment. Academic preparation is key to communication skills and the ability to prioritize.
Explorations the Journal of Undergraduate Research Scholarship and Creativity at Wright State, 2012
index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births f... more index3.htm l on July 9, 2012.) According to the March of Dimes, Ohio's rate of premature births for 2009 was 12.3%; down from a high of 13.6% in 2006 but still not at the goal rate of 9.6%. Ohio ranks 30 th out of 52 states and territories (National Center for Health Statistics, 2009) for preterm birth. Amidst an escalation of premature infant survival, accompanying developmental delays of prematurity have also increased. Premature infants do not provide easily interpreted behavioral cues which create frustration and stress in parents. In turn, this disrupted pattern of communication could possibly further compromise the infant's care. The parents of a premature infant need guidance and educational support as they attempt these initial infant-parent interactions (Bozzette, 2007; Woodwell, 2002). Further, the amount of time, energy, and financial resources required to take care of a premature infant at home strains the attachment between mother and child. One British study, Spencer (2006), found a correlation between rates of abuse and prematurity regardless of socioeconomic status or maternal age. The study can't explain the findings, but postulates that perhaps premature infants may have characteristics that could provoke hostility in caregivers. Characteristics such as inconsolable crying, more intensive direct care needs, and increased timeconsuming and expensive medical interactions all add to parental stress. Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion (2010) also report that the incidence of physical and emotional abuse is increased in preterm infants or those with high risk conditions when they are separated from their parents. In order to prevent such negative outcomes, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have implemented steps to promote parental bonding with their babies. In 2009, the Montgomery County Health Department (MCHD) in Ohio reported from 2006-2008, 12.4% of the total number of births in Montgomery County were babies born before 37 weeks gestation or an average of 894 premature babies a year for that period (MCHD Vital Statistics, 2009). Effective 1 Herzing and Mainous: Integration of Premature Infants into Family Life
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2001
This study was an investigation of the association of attitudes toward guns with self-reports of ... more This study was an investigation of the association of attitudes toward guns with self-reports of alcohol/drug use, and impulsivity. Participants included 160 male and female high school students, who completed five questions regarding attitudes toward guns, in addition to questions about alcohol/drug use. Data were analyzed using t-tests. Males were more likely to feel that a home was safer with a gun. Feeling positively about a gun was associated with alcohol use in males and impulsive, aggressive behavior in males and females. A greater understanding of attitudes toward guns must take into account gender, alcohol use, and impulsive and aggressive tendencies.
Pediatrics, 2012
Provision of risk-appropriate care for newborn infants and mothers was first proposed in 1976. Th... more Provision of risk-appropriate care for newborn infants and mothers was first proposed in 1976. This updated policy statement provides a review of data supporting evidence for a tiered provision of care and reaffirms the need for uniform, nationally applicable definitions and consistent standards of service for public health to improve neonatal outcomes. Facilities that provide hospital care for newborn infants should be classified on the basis of functional capabilities, and these facilities should be organized within a regionalized system of perinatal care.