Rose Kukwa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rose Kukwa

Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Feb 9, 2020

Metal loading for supported catalysts has a pronounced effect on the surface nature of the cataly... more Metal loading for supported catalysts has a pronounced effect on the surface nature of the catalysts formed. 1wt % monometallics and bimetallics of copper and silver on both alumina and silica supports were prepared by impregnation. Characterisation was performed on the samples produced by surface analyses (nitrogen adsorption and porosity measurements) XRD, and TPR. BET measurement showed surface areas of the alumina supported samples to reduce from 105 to 97 m2g-1 from the pure alumina to the bimetallic supported respectively while the silica supported reduced from 247- 239 m2g-1 for the pure silica to the silver supported respectively. Pore volume and diameters also reduced with loading of the various metals on the supports. The XRD indicated no crystalline phases of the loaded metals to be present for the 1wt % catalysts, instead, the characteristics diffraction features of the supports employed were indicated, which is likely as a result of a good dispersion within the good surface areas supports. However, for a 5wt % sample, there were some diffraction patterns of the loaded metals indicated. Reduction peaks from TPR also revealed the presence of partially oxidised and dispersed metal atoms typical of reflexions at around 267 oC with shoulder at 297 oC (well dispersed Cu) while reflexions at around 111, 160 240 and 293 oC were indicated for small-sized AgO and Ag2O clusters inside the pores of the supports. Keywords: monometallic, bimetallic, metal loading, impregnation, catalyst.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology, Aug 16, 2019

Cake can be made from flour samples of low protein content, that include soft wheat, corn and roo... more Cake can be made from flour samples of low protein content, that include soft wheat, corn and root and tuber crops. This study is aimed at evaluating the acceptability of cake prepared using cassava gari residue flour (R), blended with wheat flour (W), trifoliate yam flour (T) and cocoyam flour(C) at different ratio. The samples were 100% cassava gari residue flour (R100), 100% wheat flour (W100), residue flour: trifoliate flour (R90:T10 and R80:T20), residue flour: cocoyam flour (R90:C10 and R80:C20), residue flour: wheat flour (R90:W10 and R80:W20) respectively. A 9-point Hedonic scale of 1-9 was used to evaluate the sensory attributes of the cake samples prepared. The cassava gari residue flour and all the blends were found to have good sensory qualities and were well accepted as the conventional cupcake (100% wheat flour). Overall acceptability was determined using the overall means score of the sensory attributes (taste, colour, aroma. chewable and texture). The overall acceptability means scores were 6.50 (R90:T10), 6.54 (R80T:20), 7.47(R90:C10), 7.80 (R80:C20) 7.65 (R90:W10), 7.80 (R80:W20), 7.50 (R100) and 8.03 (W100). The proximate composition of the residue flour (R100) had the lowest moisture content of 7.5835% and fat content of 0.1835%, the highest percentage crude fibre (2.8160%) and total carbohydrate (87.5665). While the cake samples had percentage moisture from 30.0625 to 36.6445%; ash from 3.4580 to 5.4935%; crude fibre from 0.2700 to 2.9500%; fat from 4.2885 to 18.9300%; Protein from 5.9175 to 16.9610% and total carbohydrates from 28.4610 to 54.0380% contents respectively.

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Apr 30, 2018

The extraction and characterization of both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oleif... more The extraction and characterization of both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oleifera oil found in North central (Makurdi, Benue State) Ecological Zone of Nigeria has been carried out. The moringa seed was milled into flour and then divided into two portions. The first portion was used for the cold press extraction while the second portion was defatted using soxhlet extraction method. Normal hexane was used as solvent for the extraction process. The characterization breakdown revealed that tested parameters, which include specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, free fatty acid and moisture content were not significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. While, viscosity, colour, pH, percentage yield, saponification value, peroxide value and iodine value for both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oil produced, were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. The oil was analysed using Gas Original Research Article

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2019

Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsor... more Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite Y was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 100°C in an autoclave and characterised by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the chemical formula of the host material as Na 54.91 Al 56 Si 136 O 384 •246•5H 2 O. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafted zeolite Y was prepared by first preparing proton-exchanged zeolite Y using an 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution followed by calcination at 350°C. The APTES ligand was then grafted onto the protonated zeolite using three different solvent media. CHN analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SSNMR and TG analysis indicated that the ligand was bonded covalently to zeolite Y attaching onto the inorganic surface through the available silanol groups. CHN analysis showed that hexane was the most effective solvent for carrying out ligand grafting, as indicated by the highest proportion of carbon present in the product after removal of free solvent (5.08%). APTES grafted zeolite Y was exposed to aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of divalent nickel cations (0.01-0.1 M). An increase to 73.8% Ni(II) removal compared to 18.1% uptake by the parent zeolite Y without any graft was observed when the concentration of nickel was 0.01 M. The selectivity study using a solution containing five different transition metal cations; Ni(II), V(IV), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) to mimic the species most often observed in hydrotreatment extract from crude oil, showed proportional removals of 83.7%, 91.3%, 82.8%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively. This study indicates that APTES modified zeolite Y could be a useful material for the removal of catalytic poisons in hydroprocessing solutions during the processing of heavier crude oils.

Asian Food Science Journal, Sep 11, 2018

Asian Food Science Journal, Apr 5, 2018

Bioresources, Jan 20, 2023

The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bi... more The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bioethanol production using saccharification and fermentation, were investigated in this study. Microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are currently used for fermenting agricultural wastes to bioethanol, an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum energy sources. Rice husks were ground to a fine powder, then hydrolyzed with acid and alkali, and incubated for five days. A refractometer was used to perform a sugar reduction test, which determined the presence of fermentable sugar in the media. The parameters revealed that the variety of rice husk used did not affect the ethanol percent yield, which was 14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5% for the pure and mixed varieties, respectively; however, there was a substantial difference in the percentage yield in the method of pre-treatment. The percentage yield of ethanol in the acid pretreated sample was higher (14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5%) than that of the alkali (6.1 ± 0.5% and 4.8 ± 0.5%). The presence of alcohol in the sample was confirmed by FTIR analysis, while GC-MS identified the specific compounds and their percentage composition-ethanol (9.67%). This suggests that using H2SO4 in the hydrolysis of rice husk is a promising and effective method for producing bioethanol.

In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid state materials were used t... more In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid state materials were used to investigate the treatment efficiency of soya bean oil mill wastewater (soap stock) using heavy metals analysis. Soap stock is a liquid waste obtained from soya bean oil industry from the neutralization process which has several environmental issues due to its high amount of organic and inorganic pollutants. Soap stock emerges from the refining process when oil is treated with a dilute alkali solution separating the FFAs as soaps. In this present study, an attempt was made at treating the wastewater using successive columns containing different types of solid state materials. The wastewater was passed through successive columns of fine sand, Zeolite and Zeolite/fine sand composite.. This treatment method decreased the toxic concentration of heavy metals assessed which include Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd by mean percentages of 96.60%, 100%, 62.0%, 16.10% and 96.60% respectively. Most contaminants were removed in the Zeolite/sand composite column possibly as a result of ion exchange capacity in addition to high sorption affinity of Zeolite on its active sites. This simple Zeolite based method enable us to obtain environmentally friendly treated soya bean oil water that can be safely used for irrigation purposes.

European journal of nutrition & food safety, Jun 30, 2021

Aims: The contamination of groundnut by aflatoxins (AF) results in financial losses to farmers' a... more Aims: The contamination of groundnut by aflatoxins (AF) results in financial losses to farmers' as well as severe food safety and public health challenges globally. This study was carried out to; (i) assess the levels of AFB 1 in husked groundnut seeds in Makurdi (ii) determine the relationship between moisture content and AF levels, and (iii) investigate vendors' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of AF and their approach towards groundnut storage. Study Design: Quantitative research method was employed in this study.

Asian journal of physical and chemical sciences, May 27, 2020

Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was inve... more Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was investigated using a batch process. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were also investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) ion onto mud-wasp nest was dependent on pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption patterns were analysed in terms of three bi-parameter isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Freundlich isotherm gave the best fit to the adsorption data with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, while monolayer sorption capacity yielded 41.667 mg/g. Lagergren's pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the process was chemisorption type. The results showed that mud-wasp nest can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solutions.

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2020

The seeds of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) were collected and analysed for proximate, anti-n... more The seeds of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) were collected and analysed for proximate, anti-nutritional factors, elemental, oxide composition and amino acid profile using standard procedures to evaluate the seeds' nutritional potentials. The results of the proximate composition indicated the following: ash content (3.94%), moisture (8.56%), protein (32.27%), lipids (2.36%), crude fibre (6.75%), and carbohydrate (46.12 %). The results of anti-nutritional factors showed that Prosopis africana seed contained oxalate (0.27 mg/100g), saponin (10.5 mg/100g), alkaloid (7.5 mg/100g), and tannin (16.24 mg/100g). Amino acid profile of the seeds was found to contain; lysine (2.77 mg/100g), methionine (1.86 mg/100g), isoleucine (3.46 mg/100g), leucine (13.26 mg/100g), phenylalanine (4.82 mg/100g), valine (4.13 mg/100g) and non-essential amino acids; arginine (3.62 mg/100g), serine (2.81 mg/100g), aspartic acid (4.58 mg/100g) and glycine (7.12 mg/100g). Elemental composition of the seeds...

BioResources

The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bi... more The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bioethanol production using saccharification and fermentation, were investigated in this study. Microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are currently used for fermenting agricultural wastes to bioethanol, an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum energy sources. Rice husks were ground to a fine powder, then hydrolyzed with acid and alkali, and incubated for five days. A refractometer was used to perform a sugar reduction test, which determined the presence of fermentable sugar in the media. The parameters revealed that the variety of rice husk used did not affect the ethanol percent yield, which was 14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5% for the pure and mixed varieties, respectively; however, there was a substantial difference in the percentage yield in the method of pre-treatment. The percentage yield of ethanol in the acid pre-treated sample was higher (14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5%) th...

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering, 2019

American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metal ions removal from aqueous solution... more This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metal ions removal from aqueous solution using silica adsorbent. Silica was extracted from rice husk using sol-gel method. The silica was modified with 1.0 M of nitric acid. Using batch adsorption technique, the effects of temperature, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on adsorption process of Cu (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Pb (II) ions were studied using standard solutions of their salts. Percentage removal of the metals ions studied decreased as the temperature was varied between 28°C and 43°C. Percentage removal of metal ions studied showed an increase at different pH varying from 4 to 8 and decreased after the pH 8. The variation of contact time between 2 and 8 hours showed a sharp increase in metals removal from 2 to 6 hours but a slow increase after 6 hours. The percentage removal of metal ions increase as the adsorbent dosage increased between 0.5 g and 2.0 g. The maximum percentage removal of metal ions was found to be 99.48%. The general observed trend of efficiency being Cu>Pb>Zn>Mn. The experimental data was also tested using adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir and Freundlich and Langmuir model was found to be the best fit for the data.

American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020

Soya bean oil mill wastewater (SOMW) is a liquid waste obtained from the soya bean oil industry w... more Soya bean oil mill wastewater (SOMW) is a liquid waste obtained from the soya bean oil industry with several environmental problems due to its high amount of toxic pollutants. This research work is aimed at assessing the feasibility and suitability of using a zeolite-based method for the treatment of soya bean oil mill wastewater for irrigation purposes. In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid-state materials were used to investigate the treatment efficiency of SOMW using physicochemical parameters; pH was determined using a pH meter, Turbidity determined using Turbidity meter. The concentration of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + were determined using Flame photometer and the concentration of NO 3-, SO 4 2-, PO 4 3were determined using Oxygen Analyzer. Zeolite was characterized using Advanced Powdered X-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive spectrometer and Fourier Transformed Infrared and the fine sand characterized using an integrated X-ray Analyzer. The treatment columns were packed with fine sand, zeolite and zeolite/fine sand composite. The treatment decreased the concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , NO 3-, SO 4 2-, PO 4 3and pH by mean percentages of 80.5, 29.6, 81.0, 2.1, 66.5, 41.4, 47.4 and 42.3%, respectively. The turbidity of the soya bean oil mill wastewater decreased by 72.5%. Most contaminants were removed in the soya bean oil wastewater in the zeolite/sand composite column. This decrease in the concentration of the pollutants could be attributed to the high sorption and ion exchange capacity of the solid-state materials used. This simple zeolite-based method is promising technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from oil processing industries for irrigational purposes.

Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 2020

Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was inve... more Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was investigated using a batch process. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were also investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) ion onto mud-wasp nest was dependent on pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption patterns were analysed in terms of three bi-parameter isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Freundlich isotherm gave the best fit to the adsorption data with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, while monolayer sorption capacity yielded 41.667 mg/g. Lagergren’s pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the process was chemisorption type. The results showed that mud-wasp nest can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solutions.

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 2019

Samples of stored rainwater were collected from Ojo and Adoka areas of Benue State and analysed f... more Samples of stored rainwater were collected from Ojo and Adoka areas of Benue State and analysed for physicochemical properties, heavy metals and antimicrobial parameters using standard methods in order to determine the quality of stored rainwater. The results of the study indicate physicochemical parameters such as temperature, colour, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness to be within the acceptable limit for drinking water, while nitrates, chloride, phosphates and sulphates were observed to be 3.33–14.00 mg/L, 24.83–59.90 mg/L, 0.13–0.19 mg/L and 7.55–8.39 mg/L, respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) had values of 1.40–1.70 mg/L, 1.63–1.66 and 163.33–193.33, respectively. Heavy metal ions in the samples were found to be aluminum (0.104 mg/L) and chromium (0.012 mg/L). Zinc was found to range between 0.451 and 1.47 mg/L, while iron ranged from 0.57 to 1.606 mg/L. Cadmium, nickel and lead were in the range of 0.014–0.020 mg/L, 0.54–2.332 mg/L and 0.006–3.143 mg/L, respectively. Coliform count ranged between 130.00 and 402.00 (cfu/100 mL). All the parameters tested except coliform count were found to be within acceptable limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines. doi: 10.2166/aqua.2019.098 om https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/68/3/210/559817/jws0680210.pdf er 2019 Benjamin Asen Anhwange (corresponding author) Rose Erdoo Kukwa Ungwanen John Ahile Raymond Lubem Tyohemba Solomon Dooyum Igbawase Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Nigeria E-mail: banhwange@bsum.edu.ng Benard Ortwer Atu Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Nigeria

Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Feb 9, 2020

Metal loading for supported catalysts has a pronounced effect on the surface nature of the cataly... more Metal loading for supported catalysts has a pronounced effect on the surface nature of the catalysts formed. 1wt % monometallics and bimetallics of copper and silver on both alumina and silica supports were prepared by impregnation. Characterisation was performed on the samples produced by surface analyses (nitrogen adsorption and porosity measurements) XRD, and TPR. BET measurement showed surface areas of the alumina supported samples to reduce from 105 to 97 m2g-1 from the pure alumina to the bimetallic supported respectively while the silica supported reduced from 247- 239 m2g-1 for the pure silica to the silver supported respectively. Pore volume and diameters also reduced with loading of the various metals on the supports. The XRD indicated no crystalline phases of the loaded metals to be present for the 1wt % catalysts, instead, the characteristics diffraction features of the supports employed were indicated, which is likely as a result of a good dispersion within the good surface areas supports. However, for a 5wt % sample, there were some diffraction patterns of the loaded metals indicated. Reduction peaks from TPR also revealed the presence of partially oxidised and dispersed metal atoms typical of reflexions at around 267 oC with shoulder at 297 oC (well dispersed Cu) while reflexions at around 111, 160 240 and 293 oC were indicated for small-sized AgO and Ag2O clusters inside the pores of the supports. Keywords: monometallic, bimetallic, metal loading, impregnation, catalyst.

American Journal of Food Science and Technology, Aug 16, 2019

Cake can be made from flour samples of low protein content, that include soft wheat, corn and roo... more Cake can be made from flour samples of low protein content, that include soft wheat, corn and root and tuber crops. This study is aimed at evaluating the acceptability of cake prepared using cassava gari residue flour (R), blended with wheat flour (W), trifoliate yam flour (T) and cocoyam flour(C) at different ratio. The samples were 100% cassava gari residue flour (R100), 100% wheat flour (W100), residue flour: trifoliate flour (R90:T10 and R80:T20), residue flour: cocoyam flour (R90:C10 and R80:C20), residue flour: wheat flour (R90:W10 and R80:W20) respectively. A 9-point Hedonic scale of 1-9 was used to evaluate the sensory attributes of the cake samples prepared. The cassava gari residue flour and all the blends were found to have good sensory qualities and were well accepted as the conventional cupcake (100% wheat flour). Overall acceptability was determined using the overall means score of the sensory attributes (taste, colour, aroma. chewable and texture). The overall acceptability means scores were 6.50 (R90:T10), 6.54 (R80T:20), 7.47(R90:C10), 7.80 (R80:C20) 7.65 (R90:W10), 7.80 (R80:W20), 7.50 (R100) and 8.03 (W100). The proximate composition of the residue flour (R100) had the lowest moisture content of 7.5835% and fat content of 0.1835%, the highest percentage crude fibre (2.8160%) and total carbohydrate (87.5665). While the cake samples had percentage moisture from 30.0625 to 36.6445%; ash from 3.4580 to 5.4935%; crude fibre from 0.2700 to 2.9500%; fat from 4.2885 to 18.9300%; Protein from 5.9175 to 16.9610% and total carbohydrates from 28.4610 to 54.0380% contents respectively.

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Apr 30, 2018

The extraction and characterization of both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oleif... more The extraction and characterization of both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oleifera oil found in North central (Makurdi, Benue State) Ecological Zone of Nigeria has been carried out. The moringa seed was milled into flour and then divided into two portions. The first portion was used for the cold press extraction while the second portion was defatted using soxhlet extraction method. Normal hexane was used as solvent for the extraction process. The characterization breakdown revealed that tested parameters, which include specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, free fatty acid and moisture content were not significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. While, viscosity, colour, pH, percentage yield, saponification value, peroxide value and iodine value for both cold press and hexane solvent extracted Moringa oil produced, were significantly different (p<0.05) from each other. The oil was analysed using Gas Original Research Article

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2019

Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsor... more Surface-modified zeolite Y has been synthesised and studied for potential application as an adsorbent for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions. Zeolite Y was synthesised under hydrothermal conditions at 100°C in an autoclave and characterised by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the chemical formula of the host material as Na 54.91 Al 56 Si 136 O 384 •246•5H 2 O. 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) grafted zeolite Y was prepared by first preparing proton-exchanged zeolite Y using an 0.1 M ammonium nitrate solution followed by calcination at 350°C. The APTES ligand was then grafted onto the protonated zeolite using three different solvent media. CHN analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, SSNMR and TG analysis indicated that the ligand was bonded covalently to zeolite Y attaching onto the inorganic surface through the available silanol groups. CHN analysis showed that hexane was the most effective solvent for carrying out ligand grafting, as indicated by the highest proportion of carbon present in the product after removal of free solvent (5.08%). APTES grafted zeolite Y was exposed to aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of divalent nickel cations (0.01-0.1 M). An increase to 73.8% Ni(II) removal compared to 18.1% uptake by the parent zeolite Y without any graft was observed when the concentration of nickel was 0.01 M. The selectivity study using a solution containing five different transition metal cations; Ni(II), V(IV), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) to mimic the species most often observed in hydrotreatment extract from crude oil, showed proportional removals of 83.7%, 91.3%, 82.8%, 70.6% and 85.7% respectively. This study indicates that APTES modified zeolite Y could be a useful material for the removal of catalytic poisons in hydroprocessing solutions during the processing of heavier crude oils.

Asian Food Science Journal, Sep 11, 2018

Asian Food Science Journal, Apr 5, 2018

Bioresources, Jan 20, 2023

The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bi... more The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bioethanol production using saccharification and fermentation, were investigated in this study. Microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are currently used for fermenting agricultural wastes to bioethanol, an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum energy sources. Rice husks were ground to a fine powder, then hydrolyzed with acid and alkali, and incubated for five days. A refractometer was used to perform a sugar reduction test, which determined the presence of fermentable sugar in the media. The parameters revealed that the variety of rice husk used did not affect the ethanol percent yield, which was 14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5% for the pure and mixed varieties, respectively; however, there was a substantial difference in the percentage yield in the method of pre-treatment. The percentage yield of ethanol in the acid pretreated sample was higher (14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5%) than that of the alkali (6.1 ± 0.5% and 4.8 ± 0.5%). The presence of alcohol in the sample was confirmed by FTIR analysis, while GC-MS identified the specific compounds and their percentage composition-ethanol (9.67%). This suggests that using H2SO4 in the hydrolysis of rice husk is a promising and effective method for producing bioethanol.

In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid state materials were used t... more In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid state materials were used to investigate the treatment efficiency of soya bean oil mill wastewater (soap stock) using heavy metals analysis. Soap stock is a liquid waste obtained from soya bean oil industry from the neutralization process which has several environmental issues due to its high amount of organic and inorganic pollutants. Soap stock emerges from the refining process when oil is treated with a dilute alkali solution separating the FFAs as soaps. In this present study, an attempt was made at treating the wastewater using successive columns containing different types of solid state materials. The wastewater was passed through successive columns of fine sand, Zeolite and Zeolite/fine sand composite.. This treatment method decreased the toxic concentration of heavy metals assessed which include Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd by mean percentages of 96.60%, 100%, 62.0%, 16.10% and 96.60% respectively. Most contaminants were removed in the Zeolite/sand composite column possibly as a result of ion exchange capacity in addition to high sorption affinity of Zeolite on its active sites. This simple Zeolite based method enable us to obtain environmentally friendly treated soya bean oil water that can be safely used for irrigation purposes.

European journal of nutrition & food safety, Jun 30, 2021

Aims: The contamination of groundnut by aflatoxins (AF) results in financial losses to farmers' a... more Aims: The contamination of groundnut by aflatoxins (AF) results in financial losses to farmers' as well as severe food safety and public health challenges globally. This study was carried out to; (i) assess the levels of AFB 1 in husked groundnut seeds in Makurdi (ii) determine the relationship between moisture content and AF levels, and (iii) investigate vendors' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of AF and their approach towards groundnut storage. Study Design: Quantitative research method was employed in this study.

Asian journal of physical and chemical sciences, May 27, 2020

Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was inve... more Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was investigated using a batch process. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were also investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) ion onto mud-wasp nest was dependent on pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption patterns were analysed in terms of three bi-parameter isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Freundlich isotherm gave the best fit to the adsorption data with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, while monolayer sorption capacity yielded 41.667 mg/g. Lagergren's pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the process was chemisorption type. The results showed that mud-wasp nest can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solutions.

NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2020

The seeds of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) were collected and analysed for proximate, anti-n... more The seeds of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) were collected and analysed for proximate, anti-nutritional factors, elemental, oxide composition and amino acid profile using standard procedures to evaluate the seeds' nutritional potentials. The results of the proximate composition indicated the following: ash content (3.94%), moisture (8.56%), protein (32.27%), lipids (2.36%), crude fibre (6.75%), and carbohydrate (46.12 %). The results of anti-nutritional factors showed that Prosopis africana seed contained oxalate (0.27 mg/100g), saponin (10.5 mg/100g), alkaloid (7.5 mg/100g), and tannin (16.24 mg/100g). Amino acid profile of the seeds was found to contain; lysine (2.77 mg/100g), methionine (1.86 mg/100g), isoleucine (3.46 mg/100g), leucine (13.26 mg/100g), phenylalanine (4.82 mg/100g), valine (4.13 mg/100g) and non-essential amino acids; arginine (3.62 mg/100g), serine (2.81 mg/100g), aspartic acid (4.58 mg/100g) and glycine (7.12 mg/100g). Elemental composition of the seeds...

BioResources

The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bi... more The effects of acid and alkali hydrolysis, as well as rice husk varieties (pure and mixed), on bioethanol production using saccharification and fermentation, were investigated in this study. Microbes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae are currently used for fermenting agricultural wastes to bioethanol, an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum energy sources. Rice husks were ground to a fine powder, then hydrolyzed with acid and alkali, and incubated for five days. A refractometer was used to perform a sugar reduction test, which determined the presence of fermentable sugar in the media. The parameters revealed that the variety of rice husk used did not affect the ethanol percent yield, which was 14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5% for the pure and mixed varieties, respectively; however, there was a substantial difference in the percentage yield in the method of pre-treatment. The percentage yield of ethanol in the acid pre-treated sample was higher (14.8 ± 0.5% and 15.0 ± 0.5%) th...

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering, 2019

American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metal ions removal from aqueous solution... more This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metal ions removal from aqueous solution using silica adsorbent. Silica was extracted from rice husk using sol-gel method. The silica was modified with 1.0 M of nitric acid. Using batch adsorption technique, the effects of temperature, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on adsorption process of Cu (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Pb (II) ions were studied using standard solutions of their salts. Percentage removal of the metals ions studied decreased as the temperature was varied between 28°C and 43°C. Percentage removal of metal ions studied showed an increase at different pH varying from 4 to 8 and decreased after the pH 8. The variation of contact time between 2 and 8 hours showed a sharp increase in metals removal from 2 to 6 hours but a slow increase after 6 hours. The percentage removal of metal ions increase as the adsorbent dosage increased between 0.5 g and 2.0 g. The maximum percentage removal of metal ions was found to be 99.48%. The general observed trend of efficiency being Cu>Pb>Zn>Mn. The experimental data was also tested using adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir and Freundlich and Langmuir model was found to be the best fit for the data.

American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020

Soya bean oil mill wastewater (SOMW) is a liquid waste obtained from the soya bean oil industry w... more Soya bean oil mill wastewater (SOMW) is a liquid waste obtained from the soya bean oil industry with several environmental problems due to its high amount of toxic pollutants. This research work is aimed at assessing the feasibility and suitability of using a zeolite-based method for the treatment of soya bean oil mill wastewater for irrigation purposes. In this study, successive columns containing different types of solid-state materials were used to investigate the treatment efficiency of SOMW using physicochemical parameters; pH was determined using a pH meter, Turbidity determined using Turbidity meter. The concentration of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + were determined using Flame photometer and the concentration of NO 3-, SO 4 2-, PO 4 3were determined using Oxygen Analyzer. Zeolite was characterized using Advanced Powdered X-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive spectrometer and Fourier Transformed Infrared and the fine sand characterized using an integrated X-ray Analyzer. The treatment columns were packed with fine sand, zeolite and zeolite/fine sand composite. The treatment decreased the concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , NO 3-, SO 4 2-, PO 4 3and pH by mean percentages of 80.5, 29.6, 81.0, 2.1, 66.5, 41.4, 47.4 and 42.3%, respectively. The turbidity of the soya bean oil mill wastewater decreased by 72.5%. Most contaminants were removed in the soya bean oil wastewater in the zeolite/sand composite column. This decrease in the concentration of the pollutants could be attributed to the high sorption and ion exchange capacity of the solid-state materials used. This simple zeolite-based method is promising technology for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from oil processing industries for irrigational purposes.

Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 2020

Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was inve... more Removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution using Hymenoptera sphecidae (mud-wasp) nest was investigated using a batch process. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dose were also investigated. The result showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) ion onto mud-wasp nest was dependent on pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption patterns were analysed in terms of three bi-parameter isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Freundlich isotherm gave the best fit to the adsorption data with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, while monolayer sorption capacity yielded 41.667 mg/g. Lagergren’s pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were used to test the adsorption kinetics. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the process was chemisorption type. The results showed that mud-wasp nest can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solutions.

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua, 2019

Samples of stored rainwater were collected from Ojo and Adoka areas of Benue State and analysed f... more Samples of stored rainwater were collected from Ojo and Adoka areas of Benue State and analysed for physicochemical properties, heavy metals and antimicrobial parameters using standard methods in order to determine the quality of stored rainwater. The results of the study indicate physicochemical parameters such as temperature, colour, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness to be within the acceptable limit for drinking water, while nitrates, chloride, phosphates and sulphates were observed to be 3.33–14.00 mg/L, 24.83–59.90 mg/L, 0.13–0.19 mg/L and 7.55–8.39 mg/L, respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) had values of 1.40–1.70 mg/L, 1.63–1.66 and 163.33–193.33, respectively. Heavy metal ions in the samples were found to be aluminum (0.104 mg/L) and chromium (0.012 mg/L). Zinc was found to range between 0.451 and 1.47 mg/L, while iron ranged from 0.57 to 1.606 mg/L. Cadmium, nickel and lead were in the range of 0.014–0.020 mg/L, 0.54–2.332 mg/L and 0.006–3.143 mg/L, respectively. Coliform count ranged between 130.00 and 402.00 (cfu/100 mL). All the parameters tested except coliform count were found to be within acceptable limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines. doi: 10.2166/aqua.2019.098 om https://iwaponline.com/aqua/article-pdf/68/3/210/559817/jws0680210.pdf er 2019 Benjamin Asen Anhwange (corresponding author) Rose Erdoo Kukwa Ungwanen John Ahile Raymond Lubem Tyohemba Solomon Dooyum Igbawase Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Nigeria E-mail: banhwange@bsum.edu.ng Benard Ortwer Atu Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, P.M.B. 102119, Makurdi, Nigeria