Roslli Noor Mohamed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Roslli Noor Mohamed
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supp... more The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) that is, fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The aim is to improve the compressive strength of self-compacting high-performance concrete (SCHPC) and to find environmentally friendly and economical application of the abundant FA generated from the four coal-powered electricity generating plants in Malaysia. To this end, the study examined the effects of FA and SF on fresh properties and compressive strength of SCHPC. The study used SCHPC with partial replacement of Portland cement with ASTM C618 class F FA and SF in exploring the fresh properties and compressive strength of six different SCHPC mixes. The mixes contained 0%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 65% and 75% cement replacement by FA, SF was maintained at 10% constant replacement. The water/binder (w/b) ratio was fixed at 0.31 for all the mixes. Tests on fresh concrete such as Slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel wer...
Earthquake is one of the natural disaster that cannot be avoided and could give great impact to t... more Earthquake is one of the natural disaster that cannot be avoided and could give great impact to the world and living things on it. Malaysia is located nearby two seismically active plate boundaries which are between Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plate on the west and between Eurasian and Philippine Plate on the east. Earthquake that happen along these boundaries could cause tremors in Malaysia. East Malaysia especially Sabah also experienced earthquakes from nearby countries. However, Peninsular of Malaysia is considered as low seismic region in Asia. Therefore, majority of buildings in Peninsular Malaysia had been designed by using British Standard Code of Practice which lack of seismic detailing and inadequate consideration of seismic loading during the design process. To secure the human life and increase the building safety, this study aimed to model the structural damage and assessing the seismic performance of five-storey reinforced concrete residential building located in Pula...
Effects of different surface textures on the interface shear strength, interface slip, and failur... more Effects of different surface textures on the interface shear strength, interface slip, and failure modes of the concrete-to-concrete bond are examined through finite element numerical model and experimental methods in the presence of the horizontal load with ‘push-off’ technique under different normal stresses. Three different surface textures are considered; smooth, indented, and transversely roughened to finish the top surfaces of the concrete bases. In the three-dimensional modeling via the ABAQUS solver, the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is used to simulate the interface shear failure. It is observed that the interface shear strength increases with the applied normal stress. The transversely roughened surface achieves the highest interface shear strength compared with those finished with the indented and smooth approaches. The smooth and indented surfaces are controlled by the adhesive failure mode while the transversely roughened surface is dominated by the cohesive failure mode. A...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering
This paper presents the findings of an experimental data on the effects of inclined shearreinforc... more This paper presents the findings of an experimental data on the effects of inclined shearreinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) beam. Two types of shear reinforcement of RC beamwere investigated, conventional stirrups (vertical links) and inclined shear reinforcement (45degrees of inclined shear reinforcement). The RC beam with conventional stirrups wasdesignated as a control specimen. The RC beams with different types of shear reinforcementwere tested for shear under four-point loading system. Comparisons were made between bothtypes of RC beam on load-deflection, load-steel strain, load-concrete strain behaviour and modeof failure. The theoretical and experimental were calculated by using conventional formulation inaccordance to EC 2 in order to verify the experimental results. From the results, it was observedthat the RC beam with 45 degree inclined shear reinforcement improved structural performancein shear by approximately 20% and thus prolong the shear failure behaviour as c...
Materials Today: Proceedings
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
SN Applied Sciences
This paper presents the results of experimental work on the mechanical properties of self-compact... more This paper presents the results of experimental work on the mechanical properties of self-compacting high-performance concrete (SCHPC) containing fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supplementary cementing materials to decrease the abundant disposal of FA likewise improving the mechanical properties of SCHPC. Six (6) different mixes were made with 0%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 75% cement replacement by FA and SF. Test on fresh concrete such as Slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel was conducted to assess the fresh properties of SCHPC. The mechanical properties evaluated were development of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity. The results of slump flow, passing ability, and viscosity indicate that it satisfied the requirement of the Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. Maximum compressive strength of 79.73 MPa was obtained by 25% PC; 65% FA; 10% SF at 28 days and the cement content of this mixture is only 146.88 kg/m 3. The splitting tensile strength of SCHPC at the age of 28 days increases from 4.84 to 5.86 MPa, while the static modulus of elasticity values ranges between 64,685 MPa to 86,676 MPa. The results indicated that there is a synergy between FA and SF that can provide good alternative to produce SCHPC with smaller cement content and improved mechanical properties.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments ... more Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments and high temperatures. In this study, the effects of the concrete cover containing garnet and rebar prepared with cover thicknesses of 20 and 30 mm and subjected to temperatures of 20ºC, 200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC for 1-hour duration were determined by conducting ultrasonic-pulse velocity and tensile tests. The results of the study show that concrete specimens with cover 30 mm protect steel completely before they disintegrate, almost up to 300ºC and by replacing sand with 40% of garnet, gives significantly better fire resistance than normal concrete.
Journal of Structural Fire Engineering
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition o... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete at room and elevated temperatures. Bonding of the concrete containing spent garnet and reinforcing rebar is investigated. Moreover, the optimum thickness of concrete cover subjected to elevated temperatures is investigated. Design/methodology/approach First, the plain spent garnet was physically, chemically and thermally studied. Then, a series of concrete specimens with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent of spent garnet were prepared to determine the optimum percentage of spent garnet. Finally, the physical and mechanical behaviours of concrete specimens and effects of cover thickness on steel rebar when subjected to elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1 h were studied. It was observed that spent garnet was thermally stable compared to river sand. Findings Mechanical properties were found to be optimal ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Ever since Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was introduced, various attempts have been made to furt... more Ever since Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was introduced, various attempts have been made to further enhance its quality and robustness. The addition of steel fibers into the SCC mix is found to have increased the hardened properties of concrete. However, it is also acknowledged that the addition of steel fibers into the fresh SCC mix poses a negative effect on the workability which may cause segregation and bleeding. Thus, some modifications are required on the mix proportions to obtain a good flowability without bleeding mixes. In this study, four types of mixes were prepared which comprising of normal concrete (NC), SCC and Self-Compacting Concrete with Steel Fibers (SCCSF) with two volume fractions of still fibers 0.5% and 1.0%. The results revealed that an increased amount of steel fibers in the SCC mix improve the compressive strength of concrete but reduced the slump flow of the fresh SCC.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This paper presents the experimental results and theoretical study on the shear strength of reinf... more This paper presents the experimental results and theoretical study on the shear strength of reinforced steel fibre concrete beams. Failure of reinforced concrete beams in form of diagonal tension failure has been very complex to predict accurately. The inclusion of steel fibre substantially increased the ductility of the concrete and improves the shear behaviour of the beams. Due to bridging effects provided by the steel fibre, it reduces the brittle shear failure of plain concrete. Previous test data were categorized by the influence of steel fibre in reinforced concrete beams. All test results showed that steel fibre has a significant influence on the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete beam and control the development of crack propagation. A discussion on the contribution of steel fibre on the shear strength is also presented, with reference to the past researcher formula and RILEM provisions. The shear strength prediction for steel fibre reinforced concrete beams were compared with those obtained by the experimental test. The comparison shows that the mean value of the ratio of the experimental ultimate shear strength to predicted ultimate shear strength for the beams tested was about 0.59 to 1.96.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Durability has become one of the major indicators to dictate a good quality of concrete. Rapid gr... more Durability has become one of the major indicators to dictate a good quality of concrete. Rapid growing in construction leads to the demand of high strength concrete which can bear high stress and high resistance towards any hazard and harsh environment thus providing a safe structure. High performance concrete (HPC) has been identified as one of the advanced types of concrete that can fulfill the criteria. Hence, in this study resistance towards elevated temperature of HPC incorporating 10% of metakaolin as part of cementitious material and 50% of garnet as part of replacement of fine aggregates were investigated. Samples of HPC with metakaolin and garnet (HPCMG) and HPC with metakaolin (HPCM) were exposed to different heating temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for duration of one hour. The changes of physical in color and the appearances of cracks in all samples were closely observed. In addition, compressive strength tests according to BS1881-116:1983 and percentage of weight loss for all the samples were also monitored in this study. Results showed that as the temperature increased, significance losses of compressive strength were detected for both HPCMG and HPCM. At the temperature of 800°C, HPCMG degenerated 86.8% of its strength compared to 71.8% for HPCM. As temperature increased, weight loss of HPCM indicated higher reading compared to HPCMG. Major changes of the physical appearances were also detected in both HPCM and HPCGM samples such as cracks and increment in gap width on the samples. This summarized that HPCM has better fire resistance compared to HPCMG.
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering
The numerous demanding application of concrete is not readily met with Ordinary Portland Cement (... more The numerous demanding application of concrete is not readily met with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) alone. To meet up the demand and as well as ensured the green concrete durability, it has becomes necessary to incorporate mineral additions with the best combination of others by-product as replacement to improve the performance without jeopardizing the strength of the concrete. In the construction industry, OPC cement and river sand are used as important building material making it scarce and limited. Whereas, as for the cement is well known as the biggest culprits for emitting carbon dioxide (CO2). Hence, partial replacement of cement becomes a necessity as well as natural sand in concrete by waste material or by-product without compromising the quality of the end product. Partial replacement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Fly Ash (PFA), Silica Fumes (SILICA) incorporates with 100% of Quarry Dust (QD) as sand replacement. The usage of 100% QD with OPC+PFA+SILIC...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purpos... more Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purposes. Lightweight concrete can be categorized into three different types which are no-fine aggregate concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete and aerated concrete. This paper studied the characteristic of the lightweight concrete in term of mechanical properties utilizing the palm oil clinker (POC) as lightweight aggregates. Two mixes of lightweight concrete were developed, namely as POCC100 and POCC50 where each mix utilized 100% and 50% of total replacement to fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The fresh and hardened POC concrete was tested and compared to the normal concrete (NC). The hardened state of the concrete was investigated through density test, ultrasonic pulse velocity, cube compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. From density test results, POC falls into the category of lightweight concrete with a density of 1990.33 kg/m³, which are below than normal weight concrete density. The mechanical properties test results on POCC100 and POCC50 showed that the concrete compressive strength was comparable about 85.70% and 96% compared to NC specimen, respectively. For the flexural strength, POCC50 and POCC100 were comparable about 98% and 97% to NC specimen, respectively. While splitting tensile strength of POCC50 and POCC100 was only 0.6% and 4% lower than NC specimen, respectively. In terms of sustainability of solid waste management, the application of the POC in construction will reduce the redundant of by-products resulted from the palm oil industries. After undergoing various testing of concrete mechanical properties, it can be concluded that POC aggregates was compatible to be used in ligtweight concrete mix proportion.
MATEC Web of Conferences
The bent-up bars have not been used as shear reinforcement in beams since the past 40 years or so... more The bent-up bars have not been used as shear reinforcement in beams since the past 40 years or so. In all cases of design and construction nowadays, shear forces are resisted by vertical links only. Some complications in installing the multiple set of bent-up bars, the less opportunity to have sufficient number of bent-up bars due to small number of flexural reinforcement provided at the mid-span of the beams and also the large anchorage required for the horizontal portion of the bars beyond the upper end of the bend could be the reasons behind this. This paper presents the results of tests on five rectangular reinforced concrete beams in which the effectiveness of welded inclined bars (WIB) as shear reinforcement was studied. Two of the beams were controlled specimens, with no shear reinforcement in one, and full design vertical links in another. The other three beams were provided with three different quantities of WIB, measured in terms of area to distance ratio, Asw / S as shear reinforcement in the shear spans. All beams were tested to failure under two point loads with a shear span to effective depth ratio of 2.34, which would ensure that the failure was due to shear unless their shear capacities were larger than the flexural capacity. The performances of the beams were measured in terms of deflection, crack formation, strains in WIB and on the concrete surfaces in the shear region, ultimate loads and failure modes. The results show that WIB alone is capable of carrying the whole shear forces in the beam, and larger shear capacities are achieved with a larger quantity of WIB, and a higher grade of the bars used. The beam with WIB requires 22% less in the quantity of Asw / S compared to that with vertical links to achieve the same shear resistance. These suggest that WIB can be used as an effective system of shear reinforcement in beams.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This paper presents the physical and mechanical performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compac... more This paper presents the physical and mechanical performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) using fly ash as cement replacement at 30% by weight of cement. It is understood that the weakness of concrete is the tensile resistance which is can be improve with the addition of steel fibre. This paper deals with the medium compressive strength class of SCC (30-40MPa) with the inclusion of hooked-end steel fibres. Four design mixes of SFRSCC with different steel fibres contents (0%,0.5%,0.75%,1.0% and 1.25%) were designed. The fresh properties of SCC and SFRSCC were tested through slump flow, V-funnel L-box and sieve segregation to characterize the self-compactability characteristics of the mixes. Hardened properties of SCC and SFRSCC were determined through compressive test, flexural test and tensile test. Results shows that there is negative influence on the fresh state properties of SFRSCC with steel fibre content of 1% and more. The highest compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength achieved by SFRSCC with optimum volume of 0.75% steel fibre.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This paper provides general overview on the development of biaxial behaviour of plain concrete an... more This paper provides general overview on the development of biaxial behaviour of plain concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) under various types of loading conditions, namely, biaxial compression, biaxial tension-compression and biaxial tension. The biaxial behaviour including failure envelope, ultimate strength, failure mode and stress-strain relationship of plain concrete and SFRC are reported and compared. The effects of fibre volumetric fraction of fibre in SFRC on the biaxial behaviour are also discussed. Overall, previous researchers show that the inclusion of fibre enhance the biaxial behaviour of the concrete, agreed with the biaxial failure envelope developed. However, further experimental works and investigation is required to determine the relationship between the biaxial behaviour of SFRC and its fracture toughness, in addition to prove the analytical prediction of biaxial behaviour of SFRC especially in biaxial tension-compression and biaxial tension.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021
The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supp... more The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) that is, fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The aim is to improve the compressive strength of self-compacting high-performance concrete (SCHPC) and to find environmentally friendly and economical application of the abundant FA generated from the four coal-powered electricity generating plants in Malaysia. To this end, the study examined the effects of FA and SF on fresh properties and compressive strength of SCHPC. The study used SCHPC with partial replacement of Portland cement with ASTM C618 class F FA and SF in exploring the fresh properties and compressive strength of six different SCHPC mixes. The mixes contained 0%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 65% and 75% cement replacement by FA, SF was maintained at 10% constant replacement. The water/binder (w/b) ratio was fixed at 0.31 for all the mixes. Tests on fresh concrete such as Slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel wer...
Earthquake is one of the natural disaster that cannot be avoided and could give great impact to t... more Earthquake is one of the natural disaster that cannot be avoided and could give great impact to the world and living things on it. Malaysia is located nearby two seismically active plate boundaries which are between Indo-Australian and Eurasian Plate on the west and between Eurasian and Philippine Plate on the east. Earthquake that happen along these boundaries could cause tremors in Malaysia. East Malaysia especially Sabah also experienced earthquakes from nearby countries. However, Peninsular of Malaysia is considered as low seismic region in Asia. Therefore, majority of buildings in Peninsular Malaysia had been designed by using British Standard Code of Practice which lack of seismic detailing and inadequate consideration of seismic loading during the design process. To secure the human life and increase the building safety, this study aimed to model the structural damage and assessing the seismic performance of five-storey reinforced concrete residential building located in Pula...
Effects of different surface textures on the interface shear strength, interface slip, and failur... more Effects of different surface textures on the interface shear strength, interface slip, and failure modes of the concrete-to-concrete bond are examined through finite element numerical model and experimental methods in the presence of the horizontal load with ‘push-off’ technique under different normal stresses. Three different surface textures are considered; smooth, indented, and transversely roughened to finish the top surfaces of the concrete bases. In the three-dimensional modeling via the ABAQUS solver, the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is used to simulate the interface shear failure. It is observed that the interface shear strength increases with the applied normal stress. The transversely roughened surface achieves the highest interface shear strength compared with those finished with the indented and smooth approaches. The smooth and indented surfaces are controlled by the adhesive failure mode while the transversely roughened surface is dominated by the cohesive failure mode. A...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering
This paper presents the findings of an experimental data on the effects of inclined shearreinforc... more This paper presents the findings of an experimental data on the effects of inclined shearreinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) beam. Two types of shear reinforcement of RC beamwere investigated, conventional stirrups (vertical links) and inclined shear reinforcement (45degrees of inclined shear reinforcement). The RC beam with conventional stirrups wasdesignated as a control specimen. The RC beams with different types of shear reinforcementwere tested for shear under four-point loading system. Comparisons were made between bothtypes of RC beam on load-deflection, load-steel strain, load-concrete strain behaviour and modeof failure. The theoretical and experimental were calculated by using conventional formulation inaccordance to EC 2 in order to verify the experimental results. From the results, it was observedthat the RC beam with 45 degree inclined shear reinforcement improved structural performancein shear by approximately 20% and thus prolong the shear failure behaviour as c...
Materials Today: Proceedings
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
SN Applied Sciences
This paper presents the results of experimental work on the mechanical properties of self-compact... more This paper presents the results of experimental work on the mechanical properties of self-compacting high-performance concrete (SCHPC) containing fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF). The paper focused on the feasibility of substituting the ordinary Portland cement with waste supplementary cementing materials to decrease the abundant disposal of FA likewise improving the mechanical properties of SCHPC. Six (6) different mixes were made with 0%, 25%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 75% cement replacement by FA and SF. Test on fresh concrete such as Slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel was conducted to assess the fresh properties of SCHPC. The mechanical properties evaluated were development of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity. The results of slump flow, passing ability, and viscosity indicate that it satisfied the requirement of the Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. Maximum compressive strength of 79.73 MPa was obtained by 25% PC; 65% FA; 10% SF at 28 days and the cement content of this mixture is only 146.88 kg/m 3. The splitting tensile strength of SCHPC at the age of 28 days increases from 4.84 to 5.86 MPa, while the static modulus of elasticity values ranges between 64,685 MPa to 86,676 MPa. The results indicated that there is a synergy between FA and SF that can provide good alternative to produce SCHPC with smaller cement content and improved mechanical properties.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments ... more Concrete cover plays an important role in protecting the reinforcement from harmful environments and high temperatures. In this study, the effects of the concrete cover containing garnet and rebar prepared with cover thicknesses of 20 and 30 mm and subjected to temperatures of 20ºC, 200ºC, 400ºC, 600ºC and 800ºC for 1-hour duration were determined by conducting ultrasonic-pulse velocity and tensile tests. The results of the study show that concrete specimens with cover 30 mm protect steel completely before they disintegrate, almost up to 300ºC and by replacing sand with 40% of garnet, gives significantly better fire resistance than normal concrete.
Journal of Structural Fire Engineering
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition o... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanical properties, material composition of spent garnet as a sand replacement in high-strength concrete at room and elevated temperatures. Bonding of the concrete containing spent garnet and reinforcing rebar is investigated. Moreover, the optimum thickness of concrete cover subjected to elevated temperatures is investigated. Design/methodology/approach First, the plain spent garnet was physically, chemically and thermally studied. Then, a series of concrete specimens with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent of spent garnet were prepared to determine the optimum percentage of spent garnet. Finally, the physical and mechanical behaviours of concrete specimens and effects of cover thickness on steel rebar when subjected to elevated temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1 h were studied. It was observed that spent garnet was thermally stable compared to river sand. Findings Mechanical properties were found to be optimal ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Ever since Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was introduced, various attempts have been made to furt... more Ever since Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) was introduced, various attempts have been made to further enhance its quality and robustness. The addition of steel fibers into the SCC mix is found to have increased the hardened properties of concrete. However, it is also acknowledged that the addition of steel fibers into the fresh SCC mix poses a negative effect on the workability which may cause segregation and bleeding. Thus, some modifications are required on the mix proportions to obtain a good flowability without bleeding mixes. In this study, four types of mixes were prepared which comprising of normal concrete (NC), SCC and Self-Compacting Concrete with Steel Fibers (SCCSF) with two volume fractions of still fibers 0.5% and 1.0%. The results revealed that an increased amount of steel fibers in the SCC mix improve the compressive strength of concrete but reduced the slump flow of the fresh SCC.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
This paper presents the experimental results and theoretical study on the shear strength of reinf... more This paper presents the experimental results and theoretical study on the shear strength of reinforced steel fibre concrete beams. Failure of reinforced concrete beams in form of diagonal tension failure has been very complex to predict accurately. The inclusion of steel fibre substantially increased the ductility of the concrete and improves the shear behaviour of the beams. Due to bridging effects provided by the steel fibre, it reduces the brittle shear failure of plain concrete. Previous test data were categorized by the influence of steel fibre in reinforced concrete beams. All test results showed that steel fibre has a significant influence on the ultimate shear strength of reinforced concrete beam and control the development of crack propagation. A discussion on the contribution of steel fibre on the shear strength is also presented, with reference to the past researcher formula and RILEM provisions. The shear strength prediction for steel fibre reinforced concrete beams were compared with those obtained by the experimental test. The comparison shows that the mean value of the ratio of the experimental ultimate shear strength to predicted ultimate shear strength for the beams tested was about 0.59 to 1.96.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Durability has become one of the major indicators to dictate a good quality of concrete. Rapid gr... more Durability has become one of the major indicators to dictate a good quality of concrete. Rapid growing in construction leads to the demand of high strength concrete which can bear high stress and high resistance towards any hazard and harsh environment thus providing a safe structure. High performance concrete (HPC) has been identified as one of the advanced types of concrete that can fulfill the criteria. Hence, in this study resistance towards elevated temperature of HPC incorporating 10% of metakaolin as part of cementitious material and 50% of garnet as part of replacement of fine aggregates were investigated. Samples of HPC with metakaolin and garnet (HPCMG) and HPC with metakaolin (HPCM) were exposed to different heating temperature of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for duration of one hour. The changes of physical in color and the appearances of cracks in all samples were closely observed. In addition, compressive strength tests according to BS1881-116:1983 and percentage of weight loss for all the samples were also monitored in this study. Results showed that as the temperature increased, significance losses of compressive strength were detected for both HPCMG and HPCM. At the temperature of 800°C, HPCMG degenerated 86.8% of its strength compared to 71.8% for HPCM. As temperature increased, weight loss of HPCM indicated higher reading compared to HPCMG. Major changes of the physical appearances were also detected in both HPCM and HPCGM samples such as cracks and increment in gap width on the samples. This summarized that HPCM has better fire resistance compared to HPCMG.
Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering
The numerous demanding application of concrete is not readily met with Ordinary Portland Cement (... more The numerous demanding application of concrete is not readily met with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) alone. To meet up the demand and as well as ensured the green concrete durability, it has becomes necessary to incorporate mineral additions with the best combination of others by-product as replacement to improve the performance without jeopardizing the strength of the concrete. In the construction industry, OPC cement and river sand are used as important building material making it scarce and limited. Whereas, as for the cement is well known as the biggest culprits for emitting carbon dioxide (CO2). Hence, partial replacement of cement becomes a necessity as well as natural sand in concrete by waste material or by-product without compromising the quality of the end product. Partial replacement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Fly Ash (PFA), Silica Fumes (SILICA) incorporates with 100% of Quarry Dust (QD) as sand replacement. The usage of 100% QD with OPC+PFA+SILIC...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purpos... more Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purposes. Lightweight concrete can be categorized into three different types which are no-fine aggregate concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete and aerated concrete. This paper studied the characteristic of the lightweight concrete in term of mechanical properties utilizing the palm oil clinker (POC) as lightweight aggregates. Two mixes of lightweight concrete were developed, namely as POCC100 and POCC50 where each mix utilized 100% and 50% of total replacement to fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The fresh and hardened POC concrete was tested and compared to the normal concrete (NC). The hardened state of the concrete was investigated through density test, ultrasonic pulse velocity, cube compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. From density test results, POC falls into the category of lightweight concrete with a density of 1990.33 kg/m³, which are below than normal weight concrete density. The mechanical properties test results on POCC100 and POCC50 showed that the concrete compressive strength was comparable about 85.70% and 96% compared to NC specimen, respectively. For the flexural strength, POCC50 and POCC100 were comparable about 98% and 97% to NC specimen, respectively. While splitting tensile strength of POCC50 and POCC100 was only 0.6% and 4% lower than NC specimen, respectively. In terms of sustainability of solid waste management, the application of the POC in construction will reduce the redundant of by-products resulted from the palm oil industries. After undergoing various testing of concrete mechanical properties, it can be concluded that POC aggregates was compatible to be used in ligtweight concrete mix proportion.
MATEC Web of Conferences
The bent-up bars have not been used as shear reinforcement in beams since the past 40 years or so... more The bent-up bars have not been used as shear reinforcement in beams since the past 40 years or so. In all cases of design and construction nowadays, shear forces are resisted by vertical links only. Some complications in installing the multiple set of bent-up bars, the less opportunity to have sufficient number of bent-up bars due to small number of flexural reinforcement provided at the mid-span of the beams and also the large anchorage required for the horizontal portion of the bars beyond the upper end of the bend could be the reasons behind this. This paper presents the results of tests on five rectangular reinforced concrete beams in which the effectiveness of welded inclined bars (WIB) as shear reinforcement was studied. Two of the beams were controlled specimens, with no shear reinforcement in one, and full design vertical links in another. The other three beams were provided with three different quantities of WIB, measured in terms of area to distance ratio, Asw / S as shear reinforcement in the shear spans. All beams were tested to failure under two point loads with a shear span to effective depth ratio of 2.34, which would ensure that the failure was due to shear unless their shear capacities were larger than the flexural capacity. The performances of the beams were measured in terms of deflection, crack formation, strains in WIB and on the concrete surfaces in the shear region, ultimate loads and failure modes. The results show that WIB alone is capable of carrying the whole shear forces in the beam, and larger shear capacities are achieved with a larger quantity of WIB, and a higher grade of the bars used. The beam with WIB requires 22% less in the quantity of Asw / S compared to that with vertical links to achieve the same shear resistance. These suggest that WIB can be used as an effective system of shear reinforcement in beams.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This paper presents the physical and mechanical performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compac... more This paper presents the physical and mechanical performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) using fly ash as cement replacement at 30% by weight of cement. It is understood that the weakness of concrete is the tensile resistance which is can be improve with the addition of steel fibre. This paper deals with the medium compressive strength class of SCC (30-40MPa) with the inclusion of hooked-end steel fibres. Four design mixes of SFRSCC with different steel fibres contents (0%,0.5%,0.75%,1.0% and 1.25%) were designed. The fresh properties of SCC and SFRSCC were tested through slump flow, V-funnel L-box and sieve segregation to characterize the self-compactability characteristics of the mixes. Hardened properties of SCC and SFRSCC were determined through compressive test, flexural test and tensile test. Results shows that there is negative influence on the fresh state properties of SFRSCC with steel fibre content of 1% and more. The highest compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength achieved by SFRSCC with optimum volume of 0.75% steel fibre.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This paper provides general overview on the development of biaxial behaviour of plain concrete an... more This paper provides general overview on the development of biaxial behaviour of plain concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) under various types of loading conditions, namely, biaxial compression, biaxial tension-compression and biaxial tension. The biaxial behaviour including failure envelope, ultimate strength, failure mode and stress-strain relationship of plain concrete and SFRC are reported and compared. The effects of fibre volumetric fraction of fibre in SFRC on the biaxial behaviour are also discussed. Overall, previous researchers show that the inclusion of fibre enhance the biaxial behaviour of the concrete, agreed with the biaxial failure envelope developed. However, further experimental works and investigation is required to determine the relationship between the biaxial behaviour of SFRC and its fracture toughness, in addition to prove the analytical prediction of biaxial behaviour of SFRC especially in biaxial tension-compression and biaxial tension.