Rudi Laatsch - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rudi Laatsch

Rudi Laatsch , 2024

The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms in the North Syrian and Anatolian territories appear to be of utmost imp... more The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms in the North Syrian and Anatolian territories appear to be of utmost importance for a study of the Mediterranean Chronology, while these existed several hundreds of years both in the aftermath of the Late Bronze Age as well as in the Early Iron Age. A further investigation of the chronology for this period appears to be required because of its shortcomings.
Fourteen kings have been reigning in Carchemish from the start of the first king reigning as a vassal of the Great Hatti King up to the conquest of the Assyrians in 717 BCE. Their list of Kings, with an estimated length of reign, has been used to connect the Kinglist of the Hatti Confederation in Anatolia to the Late Assyrian Kingdoms in time.
It appeared that a new Late Helladic Chronology could be composed on basis of this information with completely new dates in a later time frame, in coherence with the Mycenean history of the last centuries of its existence, which has been elaborated in this Investigation.

see above, 0

The Neo-Hittite kingdoms appear to be of the utmost importance for a study on the Mediterranaean ... more The Neo-Hittite kingdoms appear to be of the utmost importance for a study on the Mediterranaean chronology, especially while they existed hundreds of years in the aftermath of the LBA and the Early Iron Age. These later kingdoms met their end at the conquest of Carchemish by the Assyrians in 717 BCE. The reign of these14 kings allow access to the Kinglist of the Hittites, and therewith even enabled use of the Late Helladic Chronology for composing the Mycenaean history in short for their last centuries of existence up to its final end. This, then, will only be made possible by omitting the Dark Ages in Hellas and Anatolia.

They were called the Early Tumulus People in Archaeology because shortly after their departure an... more They were called the Early Tumulus People in Archaeology because shortly after their departure another "tumulus people" arrived, a large population originating in areas north of the Alps, which then settled in the whole area of Central Europe, including the territories in the east, such as present-day Romania. Both these two populations, the earlier one and the later one, used to bury a part of their dead in a barrow or tumulus, which was not a custom at the funeral rites of the original populations. The Early Tumulus People appeared to have favoured, pursued, the preservation of their own identity, which ultimately led to the preservation of their characteristic culture in this period. Their cultural development, their way of live, as far as known, will be traced in one of the following chapters. Abstracts of the most relevant characteristics of the existing populations that were living in the Carpathian Basin will be given form in a separate chapter, while some cultures north of the Carpathian Mountain Range will also be given attention to. The last chapter will be dedicated to a discussion, in which will be tried to arrive at a satisfying analysis. However, this study will start with a brief description of the Mycenaean-Greek culture in Greece, more precise in their Mycenaean world on the Peloponnese, mainly Pylos and Mycenae, some time around 1400-1200 BCE, and will be followed by a chapter containing investigations on the anticipated Homeland in the Ural steppe regions. This will give form to the dramatic end of the Mycenaean culture in Greece and the supposed original living quarters of this population in the Trans-Ural area. These three major areas as referred to above constitute the only available sources of possible information for an approach to a thorough analysis of this complex problem. Chapter I-The Mycenaean Greeks The following text is meant to provide a limited view on the culture of the Mycenaean-Greeks in their final Aegean homeland from the archaeological period LH I onwards. It will mainly focus on identifying the most characteristic features in their culture, in order to compare these with those of this population in the other geographical territories in the preceding periods. The cultural circumstances in those areas, the Trans-Ural area and Middle Europe, will be paid attention to in the next chapters. This chapter will relate to specific elements of their cultural heritage in Greece in general terms. The intention is to try to clarify to what extent and in what way the Mycenaean Greeks in Greece can be related to the other cultures in the foregoing periods, under totally different circumstances. The Mycenaeans Mycenae The Greek population has been considered to have invaded the large southern peninsula in the Mediterranean area around 1600 BCE, at the end of the Middle Bronze Age in Middle Europe. They probably first arrived in Thessaly, whereupon groups of people travelled further south towards the Peloponnese, to gradually settle in the northern and western territories of that large peninsula. One of their large settlements was built in Mycene, where remnants have been found of an impressive and complex citadel, a palace, miscellaneous buildings and a number of large and important tholos graves, all built on a hill and surrounded by strong and massive defensive walls, all together an extremely powerful stronghold. This particular town was set up as the centre of a large community living in settlements around it in the area. The layout of this fortified complex, also interpreted as a forerunner of the later Acropolis constructions in Greece, is clearly visible on the next picture. The access to the palace on the hill was built within a very narrow entry, visible at the bottom of the picture at the right.. The fortifications are assumed to have been built around the middle of the 14th century BCE. Mycene is interpreted as having been the centre of the Mycenaean-Greek power in Greece in this period of the Middle Bronze Age. This culture is considered to have developed into a very mighty power in the Mediterranean world between 1600 and 1150 BCE. After Wikipedia The Lion statues After Wikipedia. Early imagery of a deity in Knossos, where she is flanked by two lionesses This worship to a Goddess, as shown on the earlier Minoan image, has on the gate been represented by a worship to the representative of the Goddess in the citadel's palace, for which a Minoan column has been choosen. The imagery in the gate marks the intense association between the Mycaneans and the Minoans in the preceding centuries. This monumental sculpture in relief is the earliest example or the kind in Europe. 1

Drafts by Rudi Laatsch

In Search of the Mycenaeans, 2022

This study has been set out to investigate details about the way the Mycenaean-Greeks managed... more This study has been set out to investigate details about the way the Mycenaean-Greeks managed to succesfully cross the large area of the Carpathian Basin on their way to a new homeland at the Mediterranean.
The Carpathian Basin and the adjacent areas during the Bronze Age were the main focus of research. Questions needed an answer on their supposed massive passage through a large area already populated by various large ibes over many centuries.
The invasion of the Early Tumulus People around the middle of the 17th century BCE, and their stay in this area for more than 100 years, has been thoroughly investigated in order to find an answer on this question.
It was finally concluded that this invading population not only did fit in the Mycenaean- Greek history, but also with a high degree of probability might be regarded as identical to the Indo-European population which earlier emigrated from the Lower Ural Steppes.

Rudi Laatsch , 2024

The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms in the North Syrian and Anatolian territories appear to be of utmost imp... more The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms in the North Syrian and Anatolian territories appear to be of utmost importance for a study of the Mediterranean Chronology, while these existed several hundreds of years both in the aftermath of the Late Bronze Age as well as in the Early Iron Age. A further investigation of the chronology for this period appears to be required because of its shortcomings.
Fourteen kings have been reigning in Carchemish from the start of the first king reigning as a vassal of the Great Hatti King up to the conquest of the Assyrians in 717 BCE. Their list of Kings, with an estimated length of reign, has been used to connect the Kinglist of the Hatti Confederation in Anatolia to the Late Assyrian Kingdoms in time.
It appeared that a new Late Helladic Chronology could be composed on basis of this information with completely new dates in a later time frame, in coherence with the Mycenean history of the last centuries of its existence, which has been elaborated in this Investigation.

see above, 0

The Neo-Hittite kingdoms appear to be of the utmost importance for a study on the Mediterranaean ... more The Neo-Hittite kingdoms appear to be of the utmost importance for a study on the Mediterranaean chronology, especially while they existed hundreds of years in the aftermath of the LBA and the Early Iron Age. These later kingdoms met their end at the conquest of Carchemish by the Assyrians in 717 BCE. The reign of these14 kings allow access to the Kinglist of the Hittites, and therewith even enabled use of the Late Helladic Chronology for composing the Mycenaean history in short for their last centuries of existence up to its final end. This, then, will only be made possible by omitting the Dark Ages in Hellas and Anatolia.

They were called the Early Tumulus People in Archaeology because shortly after their departure an... more They were called the Early Tumulus People in Archaeology because shortly after their departure another "tumulus people" arrived, a large population originating in areas north of the Alps, which then settled in the whole area of Central Europe, including the territories in the east, such as present-day Romania. Both these two populations, the earlier one and the later one, used to bury a part of their dead in a barrow or tumulus, which was not a custom at the funeral rites of the original populations. The Early Tumulus People appeared to have favoured, pursued, the preservation of their own identity, which ultimately led to the preservation of their characteristic culture in this period. Their cultural development, their way of live, as far as known, will be traced in one of the following chapters. Abstracts of the most relevant characteristics of the existing populations that were living in the Carpathian Basin will be given form in a separate chapter, while some cultures north of the Carpathian Mountain Range will also be given attention to. The last chapter will be dedicated to a discussion, in which will be tried to arrive at a satisfying analysis. However, this study will start with a brief description of the Mycenaean-Greek culture in Greece, more precise in their Mycenaean world on the Peloponnese, mainly Pylos and Mycenae, some time around 1400-1200 BCE, and will be followed by a chapter containing investigations on the anticipated Homeland in the Ural steppe regions. This will give form to the dramatic end of the Mycenaean culture in Greece and the supposed original living quarters of this population in the Trans-Ural area. These three major areas as referred to above constitute the only available sources of possible information for an approach to a thorough analysis of this complex problem. Chapter I-The Mycenaean Greeks The following text is meant to provide a limited view on the culture of the Mycenaean-Greeks in their final Aegean homeland from the archaeological period LH I onwards. It will mainly focus on identifying the most characteristic features in their culture, in order to compare these with those of this population in the other geographical territories in the preceding periods. The cultural circumstances in those areas, the Trans-Ural area and Middle Europe, will be paid attention to in the next chapters. This chapter will relate to specific elements of their cultural heritage in Greece in general terms. The intention is to try to clarify to what extent and in what way the Mycenaean Greeks in Greece can be related to the other cultures in the foregoing periods, under totally different circumstances. The Mycenaeans Mycenae The Greek population has been considered to have invaded the large southern peninsula in the Mediterranean area around 1600 BCE, at the end of the Middle Bronze Age in Middle Europe. They probably first arrived in Thessaly, whereupon groups of people travelled further south towards the Peloponnese, to gradually settle in the northern and western territories of that large peninsula. One of their large settlements was built in Mycene, where remnants have been found of an impressive and complex citadel, a palace, miscellaneous buildings and a number of large and important tholos graves, all built on a hill and surrounded by strong and massive defensive walls, all together an extremely powerful stronghold. This particular town was set up as the centre of a large community living in settlements around it in the area. The layout of this fortified complex, also interpreted as a forerunner of the later Acropolis constructions in Greece, is clearly visible on the next picture. The access to the palace on the hill was built within a very narrow entry, visible at the bottom of the picture at the right.. The fortifications are assumed to have been built around the middle of the 14th century BCE. Mycene is interpreted as having been the centre of the Mycenaean-Greek power in Greece in this period of the Middle Bronze Age. This culture is considered to have developed into a very mighty power in the Mediterranean world between 1600 and 1150 BCE. After Wikipedia The Lion statues After Wikipedia. Early imagery of a deity in Knossos, where she is flanked by two lionesses This worship to a Goddess, as shown on the earlier Minoan image, has on the gate been represented by a worship to the representative of the Goddess in the citadel's palace, for which a Minoan column has been choosen. The imagery in the gate marks the intense association between the Mycaneans and the Minoans in the preceding centuries. This monumental sculpture in relief is the earliest example or the kind in Europe. 1

In Search of the Mycenaeans, 2022

This study has been set out to investigate details about the way the Mycenaean-Greeks managed... more This study has been set out to investigate details about the way the Mycenaean-Greeks managed to succesfully cross the large area of the Carpathian Basin on their way to a new homeland at the Mediterranean.
The Carpathian Basin and the adjacent areas during the Bronze Age were the main focus of research. Questions needed an answer on their supposed massive passage through a large area already populated by various large ibes over many centuries.
The invasion of the Early Tumulus People around the middle of the 17th century BCE, and their stay in this area for more than 100 years, has been thoroughly investigated in order to find an answer on this question.
It was finally concluded that this invading population not only did fit in the Mycenaean- Greek history, but also with a high degree of probability might be regarded as identical to the Indo-European population which earlier emigrated from the Lower Ural Steppes.