Ruel Billones - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ruel Billones

Research paper thumbnail of Integrative Behavioral Health (IBH) Model at the Intersections of the Philippine Mental Health Law, Education, and Policy: For COVID-19 Recovery and Beyond

International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of Philippine citizens. The authors propose ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of Philippine citizens. The authors propose the Integrative Behavioral Health (IBH) model to help facilitate the country’s eventual recovery from a health psychology perspective. Findings were integrated from a faculty consultation from a private university’s psychology department, a literature review, and a survey of students who are learning online. The survey results revealed that living with family members negatively correlated with readiness to learn online, r = -.37, p < .05. Further research is needed. Furthermore, combining themes gathered from the consultation, literature review, and variables used from the survey served as anchor words for the IBH model: 1. Emancipatory Education; 2) Filipino Psychology; 3) Contextualization; 4.) Philippine Mental Health Law; 5). Symptom Science; and 6) Social Determinants of Health (SDH). The constructs were implemented into an online health psychology course. The proposed curriculum...

Research paper thumbnail of Recovery from Long COVID: How College Students Thrive During Lockdown

‎‎‎TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology

The Long COVID-19 Syndrome affected the lives of college students on lockdown for almost two year... more The Long COVID-19 Syndrome affected the lives of college students on lockdown for almost two years (2020-202), is the focus of this paper. Specifically, this study examined their stress, anxiety, depression levels, and psychosocial factors (socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences, and perceived social support) were related to these mental health issues. The impact of the Long COVID-19 on the students’ well- being and their coping mechanisms were explored. Using a cross- sectional survey research design, 600 students from different areas in Mindanao (southern islands of the Philippines) participated in this study. Results showed that the majority of the respondents reported no stress (78%), no anxiety (38%), and no depression (44.80%) during the lockdown. Moreover, a significant positive relationship appeared between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and levels of stress (p <0.001), anxiety (p <0.001), and depression (p <0.001). These findings suggest that adv...

Research paper thumbnail of A Concept Development for the Symptom Science Model 2.0

Research paper thumbnail of Dissecting the fatigue experience: A scoping review of fatigue definitions, dimensions, and measures in non-oncologic medical conditions

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Disentangling fatigue from anhedonia: a scoping review

Translational Psychiatry, 2020

Fatigue and anhedonia are commonly reported, co-occurring clinical symptoms associated with chron... more Fatigue and anhedonia are commonly reported, co-occurring clinical symptoms associated with chronic illnesses. Fatigue is a multidimensional construct that is defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, cognitive, or emotional tiredness that interferes with usual functioning. Anhedonia is a component of depressive disorders and other psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, and is defined by the reduced ability to experience pleasure. Both symptoms greatly affect the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic illnesses. Although fatigue and anhedonia are commonly associated with each other, understanding the differences between the two constructs is necessary for diagnosis and clinical treatment. A scoping review was conducted based on published guidance, starting with a comprehensive search of existing literature to understand the similarities and differences between fatigue and anhedonia. An initial search of PubMed using fatigue and anhe...

Research paper thumbnail of What Works in Mindfulness Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Systematic Review

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

Background/Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in medically unexplaine... more Background/Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). This systematic review describes the literature investigating the general effect of MBIs on MUS and identifies the effects of specific MBIs on specific MUS conditions. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines (PRISMA) and the modified Oxford Quality Scoring System (Jadad score) were applied to the review, yielding an initial 1,556 articles. The search engines included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsychINFO using the search terms: mindfulness, or mediations, or mindful or MBCT or MBSR and medically unexplained symptoms or MUS or Fibromyalgia or FMS. A total of 24 articles were included in the final systematic review. Results/Conclusions: MBIs showed large effects on: symptom severity (d = 0.82), pain intensity (d =0.79), depression (d = 0.62), and anxiety (d = 0.67). A manualized MBI that app...

Research paper thumbnail of Integrative Behavioral Health (IBH) Model at the Intersections of the Philippine Mental Health Law, Education, and Policy: For COVID-19 Recovery and Beyond

International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of Philippine citizens. The authors propose ... more The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of Philippine citizens. The authors propose the Integrative Behavioral Health (IBH) model to help facilitate the country’s eventual recovery from a health psychology perspective. Findings were integrated from a faculty consultation from a private university’s psychology department, a literature review, and a survey of students who are learning online. The survey results revealed that living with family members negatively correlated with readiness to learn online, r = -.37, p < .05. Further research is needed. Furthermore, combining themes gathered from the consultation, literature review, and variables used from the survey served as anchor words for the IBH model: 1. Emancipatory Education; 2) Filipino Psychology; 3) Contextualization; 4.) Philippine Mental Health Law; 5). Symptom Science; and 6) Social Determinants of Health (SDH). The constructs were implemented into an online health psychology course. The proposed curriculum...

Research paper thumbnail of Recovery from Long COVID: How College Students Thrive During Lockdown

‎‎‎TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology

The Long COVID-19 Syndrome affected the lives of college students on lockdown for almost two year... more The Long COVID-19 Syndrome affected the lives of college students on lockdown for almost two years (2020-202), is the focus of this paper. Specifically, this study examined their stress, anxiety, depression levels, and psychosocial factors (socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences, and perceived social support) were related to these mental health issues. The impact of the Long COVID-19 on the students’ well- being and their coping mechanisms were explored. Using a cross- sectional survey research design, 600 students from different areas in Mindanao (southern islands of the Philippines) participated in this study. Results showed that the majority of the respondents reported no stress (78%), no anxiety (38%), and no depression (44.80%) during the lockdown. Moreover, a significant positive relationship appeared between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and levels of stress (p <0.001), anxiety (p <0.001), and depression (p <0.001). These findings suggest that adv...

Research paper thumbnail of A Concept Development for the Symptom Science Model 2.0

Research paper thumbnail of Dissecting the fatigue experience: A scoping review of fatigue definitions, dimensions, and measures in non-oncologic medical conditions

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Research paper thumbnail of Disentangling fatigue from anhedonia: a scoping review

Translational Psychiatry, 2020

Fatigue and anhedonia are commonly reported, co-occurring clinical symptoms associated with chron... more Fatigue and anhedonia are commonly reported, co-occurring clinical symptoms associated with chronic illnesses. Fatigue is a multidimensional construct that is defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, cognitive, or emotional tiredness that interferes with usual functioning. Anhedonia is a component of depressive disorders and other psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, and is defined by the reduced ability to experience pleasure. Both symptoms greatly affect the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic illnesses. Although fatigue and anhedonia are commonly associated with each other, understanding the differences between the two constructs is necessary for diagnosis and clinical treatment. A scoping review was conducted based on published guidance, starting with a comprehensive search of existing literature to understand the similarities and differences between fatigue and anhedonia. An initial search of PubMed using fatigue and anhe...

Research paper thumbnail of What Works in Mindfulness Interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms? A Systematic Review

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

Background/Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in medically unexplaine... more Background/Purpose: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). This systematic review describes the literature investigating the general effect of MBIs on MUS and identifies the effects of specific MBIs on specific MUS conditions. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines (PRISMA) and the modified Oxford Quality Scoring System (Jadad score) were applied to the review, yielding an initial 1,556 articles. The search engines included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsychINFO using the search terms: mindfulness, or mediations, or mindful or MBCT or MBSR and medically unexplained symptoms or MUS or Fibromyalgia or FMS. A total of 24 articles were included in the final systematic review. Results/Conclusions: MBIs showed large effects on: symptom severity (d = 0.82), pain intensity (d =0.79), depression (d = 0.62), and anxiety (d = 0.67). A manualized MBI that app...