Rune Philemon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rune Philemon

Patient Preference and Adherence, Mar 1, 2022

We sought to assess how HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program adhere to breastfeedin... more We sought to assess how HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program adhere to breastfeeding recommendations concerning early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), ie, within one hour of birth, pre-lacteal feeds, exclusive breastfeeding until six months (EBF), and continued breastfeeding to one year of age. This study was designed to assess the practices in response to changing recommendations for breastfeeding in HIV, which have differed drastically over the years. Patients and Methods: We recruited 524 mother-child pairs from 37 PMTCT clinics across Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The 5 clinics with the highest patient load in each of the 7 districts of Kilimanjaro were chosen, plus the zonal and municipal referral hospitals. The children were below two years of age and currently in the PMTCT program. We administered a questionnaire to assess the mother's practices in feeding the child. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine factors associated with EIBF, EBF, and continued breastfeeding. Results: EIBF was achieved for 73.1% of babies. Cesarean delivery, low birth weight, and partner disclosure of HIV status were significant risk factors for not achieving EIBF. About 19% of children did not breastfeed exclusively. Of the 247 children ≥12 months old, 43.3% had stopped breastfeeding before 12 months. Counseling on ARV, having had >2 pregnancies while HIV-positive and EBF were associated with breastfeeding until 12 months old. Using ART for more than two years decreased the odds of EBF and continued breastfeeding to 12 months of age. Conclusion: Adherence to breastfeeding recommendations for HIV-positive women is suboptimal, particularly in aspects of recent changes in recommendations such as continuing breastfeeding for one year. There is a missed opportunity for interventions such as counseling, which has shown to favor adherence. Health education and counseling are needed for providers and mothers to keep them abreast with the frequently changing recommendations.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2022

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2021

Unsafe abortion is the cause of a substantial number of maternal mortalities and morbidities glob... more Unsafe abortion is the cause of a substantial number of maternal mortalities and morbidities globally, but specifically in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Medical abortion methods provided by non‐physicians may be a way to reduce the burden of unsafe abortions. Currently, only one systematic review comparing non‐physicians with physicians for medical abortion exists. However, the review does not have any setting restrictions and newer evidence has since been published. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of first‐trimester abortion managed by non‐physicians compared with physicians in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Additional file 3. Questionnaire.

East African Health Research Journal, 2019

Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2017

Background: It is estimated that over ten percent of the 36.7 million people living with HIV (PLW... more Background: It is estimated that over ten percent of the 36.7 million people living with HIV (PLWHIV) globally, are those aged ≥50 years. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV among adult aged 50 years and above in Rombo district, northern Tanzania.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from April to June 2015 among older adults aged ≥50 year in Rombo district. Interviews were conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive and sexual health characteristics of the participants, knowledge on HIV transmission, prevention and risk perception and on awareness and knowledge on voluntary and counselling testing services. In addition, a blood sample was taken for HIV diagnosis.Results: A total of 600 people were enrolled. Their age ranged from 50 to 90 years with mean of 64.9 (±SD 10.3) years. The HIV prevalence was 1.7% (n=10) and it was higher among women (2.1%) than men (1.3%). Sixty-percent (n...

Dermatology Research and Practice, 2021

Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign infection caused by a member of the Poxviridae... more Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign infection caused by a member of the Poxviridae family, molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The contributing factors for MCV infection are different in different populations and study areas. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy in the treatment of MC. The study’s objectives were to determine contributing factors and outcome after cryotherapy of MC among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methods. A hospital-based cohort study was conducted at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre (RDTC) from September 2018 to August 2019, involving all patients clinically diagnosed with MC. We used a consecutive sampling method to recruit study participants. We treated all participants with cryotherapy and assessed them after two weeks. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Resu...

The East African Health Research Journal, 2021

There is an unmet need for the treatment of hydrocephalus in Tanzania. Thousands of newborns each... more There is an unmet need for the treatment of hydrocephalus in Tanzania. Thousands of newborns each year in the region are affected by this condition and access to care remains a challenge. While treatment options like cerebrospinal fluid diversion through ventriculo-peritoneal shunting are within the skill set of general surgeons, the potential complications represent an additional challenge. We present a 10-month-old Tanzanian female who developed bilateral-subdural hematomas after insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2021

Introduction and importance Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation of thoracic midline ... more Introduction and importance Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation of thoracic midline fusion that presents as location of the heart outside the open chest cavity. This presents as a surgical emergency and demands early and specialized intervention. Particularly in resource-limited settings, where prenatal ultrasonography screening is not done, these children are often born in facilities without the capability of managing such conditions definitively, necessitating them to be referred to a specialized centre. At lower health facilities, the challenge is in ensuring that the child is kept stable and protected from infection until they can reach a centre with the facilities required for care. This report describes the management give to such a child until they were successfully handed over to a cardiac institute. Case presentation We present a newborn male baby delivered at term to a mother from a low socio-economic background with his heart and abdominal viscera outside the...

Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening... more Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening for CC among women living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (WLHIV) is recommended for early detection and control of pre-malignancies. Evidence on CC uptake and its associated factors is scanty among WLHIV in Tanzania similar to other sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study therefore aimed to assess the uptake of CC screening and its associated factors among WLHIV in Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2020 among WLHIV attending Care and Treatment Center (CTC) at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC). Data was collected through face to face interview using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire interviewed in Swahili. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics to establish the CC uptake and using regression analyses to characterize the CC screening uptake and factors associated with the CC uptake through SP...

Scientific Reports, 2021

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwid... more Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwide, though less documented in low-income settings. Here we determined the prevalence of EPE infection and carriage, and patient factors associated with EPE-carriage among pediatric patients in three health care levels in Tanzania. Between January and April 2016, 350 febrile children (median age 21 months) seeking care at a university or a regional referral hospital, or a health centre in Moshi municipality, Tanzania, were included. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Rectal swabs and blood cultures were collected from all children (n = 350) and urinary samples from 259 children at admission. ESBL-phenotype and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined for Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates. Only one EPE case (E. coli) in blood and four in urine (one E. coli and three K. pneumoniae) were found, whereas (n = 9...

BMC Pediatrics, 2021

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment ... more Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). A total of 41 term neonates, less than 7 days of age with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were randomized. Thirteen (13) neonates were allocated to receive fiberoptic phototherapy, 13 to blue light conventional phototherapy and 15 to white light conventional phototherapy. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the duration of phototherapy, bilirubin reduction rate and side effects of treatment. The data was ...

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2021

Highlights • Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the common bile duct causing jaundice in ... more Highlights • Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the common bile duct causing jaundice in the pediatric group.• Diagnosis can easily be made using abdominal ultrasonography, hence a high degree of suspicion is needed among clinicians.• Surgery, open or laparoscopic, remains the core management depending upon the availability of the resources and expertise.

Patient Preference and Adherence, 2021

African Health Sciences, 1970

Background: Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected child... more Background: Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected children are at risk of developing gastric carcinoma later in adulthood.Methods: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 200 children aged 6 months to 14 years were enrolled. Study subjects were tested for H. pylori using a standard serology rapid test measuring immunoglobulin G for H. pylori. For risk factors, Chi-square tests were used to test for association and then, odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values were computed using logistic regression.Results: The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 11.5%. The following factors were associated with H. pylori infection: Age group above 10 years, keeping a dog and household size. The independent predictors of H. pylori were: Fathers’ occupation, keeping a dog, indoor tap water, age group, household size and diabetes mellitus type 1.Conclusion: The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was...

Case Reports in Surgery, 2020

Introduction. Cystic hygroma is a rare condition of the lymphatic system that occurs mainly in ch... more Introduction. Cystic hygroma is a rare condition of the lymphatic system that occurs mainly in children. They are found around the neck, axilla, inguinal, or thoracic regions. Case Presentation. A newborn female baby with a right-sided axillary mass since birth was admitted to our center. She was otherwise a healthy baby with noncontributory prenatal history. The mass was 12 cm in diameter and cystic. Wide excision of the mass was done, and histology confirmed cystic hygroma. Postoperatively, the baby did well clinically and was discharged. Conclusion. Due to its rare incidence, reports and literature on management of cystic hygroma are few. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to yield the best prognosis for this rare condition.

East African Health Research Journal, 2017

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020

Background Use of skilled health provider (SBA) during and after childbirth has been reported to ... more Background Use of skilled health provider (SBA) during and after childbirth has been reported to reduce maternal and newborn deaths; and is one of the key indicators monitored in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Progress, levels and factors influencing utilization of SBA differ within and between countries. In Tanzania, SBA coverage stands at 64% while the national target is 80%; with wide variability between regions (42–96%). This study aimed at determining factors associated with utilization of skilled births providers during childbirth in Mbeya Region, Southern highlands, Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in December 2015 to January 2016, in Mbeya Region. A total of 2844 women of reproductive age were enrolled, but only 1777 women who reported a live birth 5 years prior to the survey were included in this analysis. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent factors influencing utilization of SBA during chi...

Dermatology Research and Practice, 2020

Background. Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease; however, its etiology is rarely reco... more Background. Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease; however, its etiology is rarely recognized. Infection due to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been shown in some studies to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CU. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the association between CU and H. pylori infection among patients attending the Regional Dermatology Training Center, Northern Tanzania, from October 2018 to April 2019. Methodology. A matched case-control study that included 55 cases and 55 controls matched by age and sex was conducted. Data were collected through direct interviews, and the results of laboratory investigations were recorded in the extraction sheet. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to detect H. pylori antigen in the stool samples. Conditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between CU and H. pylori. Results. The total number of participants in this study was 110 patients (55 cases and 55 cont...

Patient Preference and Adherence, Mar 1, 2022

We sought to assess how HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program adhere to breastfeedin... more We sought to assess how HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT program adhere to breastfeeding recommendations concerning early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), ie, within one hour of birth, pre-lacteal feeds, exclusive breastfeeding until six months (EBF), and continued breastfeeding to one year of age. This study was designed to assess the practices in response to changing recommendations for breastfeeding in HIV, which have differed drastically over the years. Patients and Methods: We recruited 524 mother-child pairs from 37 PMTCT clinics across Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The 5 clinics with the highest patient load in each of the 7 districts of Kilimanjaro were chosen, plus the zonal and municipal referral hospitals. The children were below two years of age and currently in the PMTCT program. We administered a questionnaire to assess the mother's practices in feeding the child. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine factors associated with EIBF, EBF, and continued breastfeeding. Results: EIBF was achieved for 73.1% of babies. Cesarean delivery, low birth weight, and partner disclosure of HIV status were significant risk factors for not achieving EIBF. About 19% of children did not breastfeed exclusively. Of the 247 children ≥12 months old, 43.3% had stopped breastfeeding before 12 months. Counseling on ARV, having had >2 pregnancies while HIV-positive and EBF were associated with breastfeeding until 12 months old. Using ART for more than two years decreased the odds of EBF and continued breastfeeding to 12 months of age. Conclusion: Adherence to breastfeeding recommendations for HIV-positive women is suboptimal, particularly in aspects of recent changes in recommendations such as continuing breastfeeding for one year. There is a missed opportunity for interventions such as counseling, which has shown to favor adherence. Health education and counseling are needed for providers and mothers to keep them abreast with the frequently changing recommendations.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2022

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 2021

Unsafe abortion is the cause of a substantial number of maternal mortalities and morbidities glob... more Unsafe abortion is the cause of a substantial number of maternal mortalities and morbidities globally, but specifically in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Medical abortion methods provided by non‐physicians may be a way to reduce the burden of unsafe abortions. Currently, only one systematic review comparing non‐physicians with physicians for medical abortion exists. However, the review does not have any setting restrictions and newer evidence has since been published. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of first‐trimester abortion managed by non‐physicians compared with physicians in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Additional file 3. Questionnaire.

East African Health Research Journal, 2019

Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2017

Background: It is estimated that over ten percent of the 36.7 million people living with HIV (PLW... more Background: It is estimated that over ten percent of the 36.7 million people living with HIV (PLWHIV) globally, are those aged ≥50 years. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV among adult aged 50 years and above in Rombo district, northern Tanzania.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from April to June 2015 among older adults aged ≥50 year in Rombo district. Interviews were conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive and sexual health characteristics of the participants, knowledge on HIV transmission, prevention and risk perception and on awareness and knowledge on voluntary and counselling testing services. In addition, a blood sample was taken for HIV diagnosis.Results: A total of 600 people were enrolled. Their age ranged from 50 to 90 years with mean of 64.9 (±SD 10.3) years. The HIV prevalence was 1.7% (n=10) and it was higher among women (2.1%) than men (1.3%). Sixty-percent (n...

Dermatology Research and Practice, 2021

Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign infection caused by a member of the Poxviridae... more Background. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a benign infection caused by a member of the Poxviridae family, molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The contributing factors for MCV infection are different in different populations and study areas. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cryotherapy in the treatment of MC. The study’s objectives were to determine contributing factors and outcome after cryotherapy of MC among patients attending a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. Methods. A hospital-based cohort study was conducted at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre (RDTC) from September 2018 to August 2019, involving all patients clinically diagnosed with MC. We used a consecutive sampling method to recruit study participants. We treated all participants with cryotherapy and assessed them after two weeks. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Resu...

The East African Health Research Journal, 2021

There is an unmet need for the treatment of hydrocephalus in Tanzania. Thousands of newborns each... more There is an unmet need for the treatment of hydrocephalus in Tanzania. Thousands of newborns each year in the region are affected by this condition and access to care remains a challenge. While treatment options like cerebrospinal fluid diversion through ventriculo-peritoneal shunting are within the skill set of general surgeons, the potential complications represent an additional challenge. We present a 10-month-old Tanzanian female who developed bilateral-subdural hematomas after insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2021

Introduction and importance Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation of thoracic midline ... more Introduction and importance Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation of thoracic midline fusion that presents as location of the heart outside the open chest cavity. This presents as a surgical emergency and demands early and specialized intervention. Particularly in resource-limited settings, where prenatal ultrasonography screening is not done, these children are often born in facilities without the capability of managing such conditions definitively, necessitating them to be referred to a specialized centre. At lower health facilities, the challenge is in ensuring that the child is kept stable and protected from infection until they can reach a centre with the facilities required for care. This report describes the management give to such a child until they were successfully handed over to a cardiac institute. Case presentation We present a newborn male baby delivered at term to a mother from a low socio-economic background with his heart and abdominal viscera outside the...

Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening... more Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening for CC among women living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (WLHIV) is recommended for early detection and control of pre-malignancies. Evidence on CC uptake and its associated factors is scanty among WLHIV in Tanzania similar to other sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study therefore aimed to assess the uptake of CC screening and its associated factors among WLHIV in Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2020 among WLHIV attending Care and Treatment Center (CTC) at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC). Data was collected through face to face interview using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire interviewed in Swahili. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics to establish the CC uptake and using regression analyses to characterize the CC screening uptake and factors associated with the CC uptake through SP...

Scientific Reports, 2021

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwid... more Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) is increasing worldwide, though less documented in low-income settings. Here we determined the prevalence of EPE infection and carriage, and patient factors associated with EPE-carriage among pediatric patients in three health care levels in Tanzania. Between January and April 2016, 350 febrile children (median age 21 months) seeking care at a university or a regional referral hospital, or a health centre in Moshi municipality, Tanzania, were included. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Rectal swabs and blood cultures were collected from all children (n = 350) and urinary samples from 259 children at admission. ESBL-phenotype and antimicrobial susceptibility were determined for Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates. Only one EPE case (E. coli) in blood and four in urine (one E. coli and three K. pneumoniae) were found, whereas (n = 9...

BMC Pediatrics, 2021

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment ... more Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). A total of 41 term neonates, less than 7 days of age with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were randomized. Thirteen (13) neonates were allocated to receive fiberoptic phototherapy, 13 to blue light conventional phototherapy and 15 to white light conventional phototherapy. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the duration of phototherapy, bilirubin reduction rate and side effects of treatment. The data was ...

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2021

Highlights • Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the common bile duct causing jaundice in ... more Highlights • Choledochal cyst is a rare malformation of the common bile duct causing jaundice in the pediatric group.• Diagnosis can easily be made using abdominal ultrasonography, hence a high degree of suspicion is needed among clinicians.• Surgery, open or laparoscopic, remains the core management depending upon the availability of the resources and expertise.

Patient Preference and Adherence, 2021

African Health Sciences, 1970

Background: Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected child... more Background: Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected children are at risk of developing gastric carcinoma later in adulthood.Methods: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 200 children aged 6 months to 14 years were enrolled. Study subjects were tested for H. pylori using a standard serology rapid test measuring immunoglobulin G for H. pylori. For risk factors, Chi-square tests were used to test for association and then, odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values were computed using logistic regression.Results: The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 11.5%. The following factors were associated with H. pylori infection: Age group above 10 years, keeping a dog and household size. The independent predictors of H. pylori were: Fathers’ occupation, keeping a dog, indoor tap water, age group, household size and diabetes mellitus type 1.Conclusion: The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was...

Case Reports in Surgery, 2020

Introduction. Cystic hygroma is a rare condition of the lymphatic system that occurs mainly in ch... more Introduction. Cystic hygroma is a rare condition of the lymphatic system that occurs mainly in children. They are found around the neck, axilla, inguinal, or thoracic regions. Case Presentation. A newborn female baby with a right-sided axillary mass since birth was admitted to our center. She was otherwise a healthy baby with noncontributory prenatal history. The mass was 12 cm in diameter and cystic. Wide excision of the mass was done, and histology confirmed cystic hygroma. Postoperatively, the baby did well clinically and was discharged. Conclusion. Due to its rare incidence, reports and literature on management of cystic hygroma are few. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to yield the best prognosis for this rare condition.

East African Health Research Journal, 2017

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020

Background Use of skilled health provider (SBA) during and after childbirth has been reported to ... more Background Use of skilled health provider (SBA) during and after childbirth has been reported to reduce maternal and newborn deaths; and is one of the key indicators monitored in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Progress, levels and factors influencing utilization of SBA differ within and between countries. In Tanzania, SBA coverage stands at 64% while the national target is 80%; with wide variability between regions (42–96%). This study aimed at determining factors associated with utilization of skilled births providers during childbirth in Mbeya Region, Southern highlands, Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in December 2015 to January 2016, in Mbeya Region. A total of 2844 women of reproductive age were enrolled, but only 1777 women who reported a live birth 5 years prior to the survey were included in this analysis. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent factors influencing utilization of SBA during chi...

Dermatology Research and Practice, 2020

Background. Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease; however, its etiology is rarely reco... more Background. Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease; however, its etiology is rarely recognized. Infection due to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been shown in some studies to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CU. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the association between CU and H. pylori infection among patients attending the Regional Dermatology Training Center, Northern Tanzania, from October 2018 to April 2019. Methodology. A matched case-control study that included 55 cases and 55 controls matched by age and sex was conducted. Data were collected through direct interviews, and the results of laboratory investigations were recorded in the extraction sheet. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to detect H. pylori antigen in the stool samples. Conditional logistic regression was used to measure the association between CU and H. pylori. Results. The total number of participants in this study was 110 patients (55 cases and 55 cont...