Russell Karow - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Russell Karow
The following material has been excerpted from the Idaho, Washington and Canadian extension bulle... more The following material has been excerpted from the Idaho, Washington and Canadian extension bulletins listed at the end of this publication. The author believes the information given here is applicable to Oregon; however, users are cautioned to remember that research has not been conducted in Oregon to verify these recommendations. The limiting factor to production in western Oregon would appear to be viral diseases. Lentils are very susceptible to a number of common viruses (see disease section).
Provides average weather data and possible daily weather sequences for a selected time period for... more Provides average weather data and possible daily weather sequences for a selected time period for any location in north central Oregon. Specific weather data for 19 weather stations are on file. Data for other locations are generated using a triangulation process. Researchers, Extension agents, Soil Conservation Service personnel, and growers in north central Oregon who need predicted weather data for making crop management and other weather-dependent decisions.
The purpose of this handout is to provide background information about rapeseed and rapeseed prod... more The purpose of this handout is to provide background information about rapeseed and rapeseed production in Oregon and to speculate about potentials and problems.
Buckwheat is a fast-growing, warm-season, succulent, broadleaved annual attaining a height of 2 t... more Buckwheat is a fast-growing, warm-season, succulent, broadleaved annual attaining a height of 2 to 4 feet. It has one main stem with several smaller branches. Leaf shape is roughly triangular, and flowers are white, pink, or red. Seeds are of two types depending on the variety: large and dark-colored with triangularshaped sides, or smaller and graycolored, with a rounder shape. The root system is fibrous, has a relatively large volume, and is concentrated in the plow layer. Buckwheat germinates within days of planting, grows rapidly, begins to flower in 4 to 5 weeks, and may continue to flower for several more weeks. Seed matures 2 to 3 weeks after flowering.
Revised July 1989. Reprinted July 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no long... more Revised July 1989. Reprinted July 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Agronomy Journal, 2002
multiflorum Lam.) seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. In other studies, however, geese have re... more multiflorum Lam.) seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. In other studies, however, geese have reduced the In southwestern Washington and western Oregon, increasing numyield of winter wheat in relation to intensity of grazing bers of wintering Canada geese (Branta canadensis ) graze several farm crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our objectives (Allen et al., 1985; and to timing of were to develop methods to determine timing, intensity, and locations grazing (Kahl and Samson, 1984). of grazing, and to measure the impact of grazing on grain yield. Aerial Substantial yield losses in grass and cereal crops have photography with ground-truth photography and repeated samplbeen reported at a wide range of grazing levels by geese ing worked well to determine timing, intensity, and locations of graz- (Patterson, 1991). Estimating loss of yield at specific leving. Exclosures served as nongrazed controls. A yield-mapping-systemels of grazing, however, was difficult. Patterson (1991) equipped combine measured yields. All data collection points were suggested exclosures should be used to measure actual spatially located via differential global positioning system (DGPS) yield loss. technology, which allowed us to integrate all data spatially and tempo-Recent technologies such as geographical information rally via geographical information system (GIS) technology. Based systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) on yield-mapping-system data, goose grazing resulted in grain yield differences ranging from a 16% increase on part of one field to a 25% provide new opportunities to more accurately measure decrease on an area of a field heavily grazed in April, just before geese crop yield and damage caused by wildlife or other facmigrated north. Comparisons of exclosures (nongrazed controls) with tors. Geographical information systems have the ability paired plots provided variable results. Results from paired-plot comto spatially interrelate multiple files or data layers once parisons for three fields during 1998 were 25% reduction, no differthe layers are in geographic registration (Lillesand and ence, and 13% increase in grain yields in the paired plots available Kiefer, 1994). Global positioning systems can accurately for grazing vs. exclosures. Based on yield-mapping-system data, the determine the position of every sample point. Combinsame three fields experienced 19, 7, and 5% grain yield reductions ing these technologies provides visual representations due to goose grazing with the extent of reduction depending on a of changes through time (Anderson, 1996) and provides combination of timing, intensity, and extent of grazing. Paired plots the tools necessary to create yield maps. did not adequately represent grazing impacts on the fields. The yieldmapping system provided nearly complete coverage of the fields and We designed our study to develop and evaluate methadequately captured grazing impacts. March 1997 Ͻ10 Ͻ20 cation corresponded well with areas in the field that contained April 1997 Ͻ10 Ͻ20 dense wheat cover, moderate wheat cover, thin wheat cover, March 1998 Ͻ10 Ͻ25 April 1998 Ͻ10 Ͻ30 ponded water, trees, and roads. Because we had ground obser-Moderate grazing March 1997 10-15 20-50 vations that documented areas where geese had grazed, we April 1997 10-30 20-70 were able to separate areas that had moderate or thin wheat March 1998 10-15 25-50 cover due to grazing vs. other factors. We then superimposed
Oregon Historical Quarterly, 2017
in 1993. It is an awned, bronze-chaffed club with excellent yield potential. It has adult plant r... more in 1993. It is an awned, bronze-chaffed club with excellent yield potential. It has adult plant resistance to stripe rust Recommended Areas Rohde, unlike many club wheats, appears to be widely adapted. It has been successfully grown in small and largescale field plots in low rainfall, high rainfall, and irrigated environments. Rohde is susceptible to strawbreaker footrot. This susceptibility may make it unsuitable for fields with a history of severe footrot problems.
Dr. Kronstad was an early innovator in the field of biometrical modeling to gain insight into par... more Dr. Kronstad was an early innovator in the field of biometrical modeling to gain insight into parental selection and genetic variation within segregating populations. This contribution was cited as one of the major accomplishments in plant breeding during the 20 th century at the First International Plant Breeding Symposium held at Iowa State University in 1965. Information gained through this basic research was a significant contribution in itself, but Dr. Kronstad was able to apply this knowledge through the development of genetically superior cultivars. These have included the soft white winter wheats Yamhill, Hyslop, McDermid, Stephens, Hill, Malcolm, Gene, Temple, Weatherford, and Foote; the hard white wheats Winsome and Ivory; the hard red winter wheat Hoff; the winter durum wheat Connie; three winter barleys, Casbon, Adair and Scio; and two winter oats, Lane and Amity. By utilizing suitable environmental stresses to understand more fully the nature of the interaction between genotype and environment, Dr. Kronstad and his research team have been successful in developing winter wheat varieties that not only have superior yield potential but also have yield stability when grown across
MacVicar is a common soft white winter wheat released by Oregon State University in 1992. It is a... more MacVicar is a common soft white winter wheat released by Oregon State University in 1992. It is an awned, midseason, medium height semidwarf with good lodging resistance. It is best adapted to the Treasure Valley of Oregon and Idaho, but has also performed well in other production environments. In trial plots, MacVicar grain protein levels have been consistently lower than those of other commonly grown varieties.
Winter rapeseed yield trials were conducted at four Oregon locations in 1987-88-Corvallis, Madras... more Winter rapeseed yield trials were conducted at four Oregon locations in 1987-88-Corvallis, Madras, Pendleton, and Powell Butte. This report summarizes the results of these trials. Tables 1 and la summarize data for Corvallis in English and metric units, respectively. Corvallis was the main trial site with 41 varieties and experimental lines tested. Materials from both the Oregon Variety Testing Program, sponsored by the Oregon Department of Agriculture New Crops Board and Palmco, Inc., and from the National Winter Rapeseed Variety Trial coordinated by Dr. Dick Auld, University of Idaho, were included at the Corvallis site. Weather data for Corvallis is presented in Tables 2 and 2a. There was no appreciable rainfall in western Oregon from early June until the last day of October. Trial land at Hyslop was irrigated (2 inches, 5 cm) prior to field preparation. Fall fertilizer (100 lbs/A, 30-0-0-6) was pre-plant incorporated. The trial was seeded on September 10. Emergence was excellent. The field was irrigated once again (2 inches, 5 centimeters) on September 23 to assure plant establishment.
Yield Potential. High yield is the bottom line in any production system. Yield potential varies f... more Yield Potential. High yield is the bottom line in any production system. Yield potential varies from variety to variety and for a variety, from one area and from one year to another. Yield potential is a genetic trait but is moderated by other factors such as disease and stress tolerance. To evaluate the yield potential of a variety, review data from test sites with an environment similar to that in your area. Where possible, compare performance over several years as a single year's data is often misleading. Yield data is presented in Table 2.
Crop Science, Mar 1, 1994
Genome, Feb 1, 1987
The F1 plants and F2 and F3 populations obtained from a cross between the derived oat tetraploid ... more The F1 plants and F2 and F3 populations obtained from a cross between the derived oat tetraploid C.I.7232 and natural tetraploid oat Avena barbata Pott. var. Excoimbra Se1.20 were evaluated for reaction to crown rust. The adult F2 plants exhibited a hypersensitive crown rust resistance reaction and were intermediate to their parents in other characteristics. The F2 and F3 seedling and adult plant populations differed in their response to the same mixture of crown rust races, i.e., a two gene segregation ratio at the seedling stage but only one gene segregation in adult plant tests. The resistance of Se1.20 was found to be a type of "stage" resistance that was effective only in vegetative (seedling) growth stages. The resistance gene of Se1.20 could not be detected in progenies that were rust tested as adult plants. Key words: Puccinia coronata, Avena, derived tetraploid.
The following material has been excerpted from the Idaho, Washington and Canadian extension bulle... more The following material has been excerpted from the Idaho, Washington and Canadian extension bulletins listed at the end of this publication. The author believes the information given here is applicable to Oregon; however, users are cautioned to remember that research has not been conducted in Oregon to verify these recommendations. The limiting factor to production in western Oregon would appear to be viral diseases. Lentils are very susceptible to a number of common viruses (see disease section).
Provides average weather data and possible daily weather sequences for a selected time period for... more Provides average weather data and possible daily weather sequences for a selected time period for any location in north central Oregon. Specific weather data for 19 weather stations are on file. Data for other locations are generated using a triangulation process. Researchers, Extension agents, Soil Conservation Service personnel, and growers in north central Oregon who need predicted weather data for making crop management and other weather-dependent decisions.
The purpose of this handout is to provide background information about rapeseed and rapeseed prod... more The purpose of this handout is to provide background information about rapeseed and rapeseed production in Oregon and to speculate about potentials and problems.
Buckwheat is a fast-growing, warm-season, succulent, broadleaved annual attaining a height of 2 t... more Buckwheat is a fast-growing, warm-season, succulent, broadleaved annual attaining a height of 2 to 4 feet. It has one main stem with several smaller branches. Leaf shape is roughly triangular, and flowers are white, pink, or red. Seeds are of two types depending on the variety: large and dark-colored with triangularshaped sides, or smaller and graycolored, with a rounder shape. The root system is fibrous, has a relatively large volume, and is concentrated in the plow layer. Buckwheat germinates within days of planting, grows rapidly, begins to flower in 4 to 5 weeks, and may continue to flower for several more weeks. Seed matures 2 to 3 weeks after flowering.
Revised July 1989. Reprinted July 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no long... more Revised July 1989. Reprinted July 1988. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Agronomy Journal, 2002
multiflorum Lam.) seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. In other studies, however, geese have re... more multiflorum Lam.) seed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. In other studies, however, geese have reduced the In southwestern Washington and western Oregon, increasing numyield of winter wheat in relation to intensity of grazing bers of wintering Canada geese (Branta canadensis ) graze several farm crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Our objectives (Allen et al., 1985; and to timing of were to develop methods to determine timing, intensity, and locations grazing (Kahl and Samson, 1984). of grazing, and to measure the impact of grazing on grain yield. Aerial Substantial yield losses in grass and cereal crops have photography with ground-truth photography and repeated samplbeen reported at a wide range of grazing levels by geese ing worked well to determine timing, intensity, and locations of graz- (Patterson, 1991). Estimating loss of yield at specific leving. Exclosures served as nongrazed controls. A yield-mapping-systemels of grazing, however, was difficult. Patterson (1991) equipped combine measured yields. All data collection points were suggested exclosures should be used to measure actual spatially located via differential global positioning system (DGPS) yield loss. technology, which allowed us to integrate all data spatially and tempo-Recent technologies such as geographical information rally via geographical information system (GIS) technology. Based systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) on yield-mapping-system data, goose grazing resulted in grain yield differences ranging from a 16% increase on part of one field to a 25% provide new opportunities to more accurately measure decrease on an area of a field heavily grazed in April, just before geese crop yield and damage caused by wildlife or other facmigrated north. Comparisons of exclosures (nongrazed controls) with tors. Geographical information systems have the ability paired plots provided variable results. Results from paired-plot comto spatially interrelate multiple files or data layers once parisons for three fields during 1998 were 25% reduction, no differthe layers are in geographic registration (Lillesand and ence, and 13% increase in grain yields in the paired plots available Kiefer, 1994). Global positioning systems can accurately for grazing vs. exclosures. Based on yield-mapping-system data, the determine the position of every sample point. Combinsame three fields experienced 19, 7, and 5% grain yield reductions ing these technologies provides visual representations due to goose grazing with the extent of reduction depending on a of changes through time (Anderson, 1996) and provides combination of timing, intensity, and extent of grazing. Paired plots the tools necessary to create yield maps. did not adequately represent grazing impacts on the fields. The yieldmapping system provided nearly complete coverage of the fields and We designed our study to develop and evaluate methadequately captured grazing impacts. March 1997 Ͻ10 Ͻ20 cation corresponded well with areas in the field that contained April 1997 Ͻ10 Ͻ20 dense wheat cover, moderate wheat cover, thin wheat cover, March 1998 Ͻ10 Ͻ25 April 1998 Ͻ10 Ͻ30 ponded water, trees, and roads. Because we had ground obser-Moderate grazing March 1997 10-15 20-50 vations that documented areas where geese had grazed, we April 1997 10-30 20-70 were able to separate areas that had moderate or thin wheat March 1998 10-15 25-50 cover due to grazing vs. other factors. We then superimposed
Oregon Historical Quarterly, 2017
in 1993. It is an awned, bronze-chaffed club with excellent yield potential. It has adult plant r... more in 1993. It is an awned, bronze-chaffed club with excellent yield potential. It has adult plant resistance to stripe rust Recommended Areas Rohde, unlike many club wheats, appears to be widely adapted. It has been successfully grown in small and largescale field plots in low rainfall, high rainfall, and irrigated environments. Rohde is susceptible to strawbreaker footrot. This susceptibility may make it unsuitable for fields with a history of severe footrot problems.
Dr. Kronstad was an early innovator in the field of biometrical modeling to gain insight into par... more Dr. Kronstad was an early innovator in the field of biometrical modeling to gain insight into parental selection and genetic variation within segregating populations. This contribution was cited as one of the major accomplishments in plant breeding during the 20 th century at the First International Plant Breeding Symposium held at Iowa State University in 1965. Information gained through this basic research was a significant contribution in itself, but Dr. Kronstad was able to apply this knowledge through the development of genetically superior cultivars. These have included the soft white winter wheats Yamhill, Hyslop, McDermid, Stephens, Hill, Malcolm, Gene, Temple, Weatherford, and Foote; the hard white wheats Winsome and Ivory; the hard red winter wheat Hoff; the winter durum wheat Connie; three winter barleys, Casbon, Adair and Scio; and two winter oats, Lane and Amity. By utilizing suitable environmental stresses to understand more fully the nature of the interaction between genotype and environment, Dr. Kronstad and his research team have been successful in developing winter wheat varieties that not only have superior yield potential but also have yield stability when grown across
MacVicar is a common soft white winter wheat released by Oregon State University in 1992. It is a... more MacVicar is a common soft white winter wheat released by Oregon State University in 1992. It is an awned, midseason, medium height semidwarf with good lodging resistance. It is best adapted to the Treasure Valley of Oregon and Idaho, but has also performed well in other production environments. In trial plots, MacVicar grain protein levels have been consistently lower than those of other commonly grown varieties.
Winter rapeseed yield trials were conducted at four Oregon locations in 1987-88-Corvallis, Madras... more Winter rapeseed yield trials were conducted at four Oregon locations in 1987-88-Corvallis, Madras, Pendleton, and Powell Butte. This report summarizes the results of these trials. Tables 1 and la summarize data for Corvallis in English and metric units, respectively. Corvallis was the main trial site with 41 varieties and experimental lines tested. Materials from both the Oregon Variety Testing Program, sponsored by the Oregon Department of Agriculture New Crops Board and Palmco, Inc., and from the National Winter Rapeseed Variety Trial coordinated by Dr. Dick Auld, University of Idaho, were included at the Corvallis site. Weather data for Corvallis is presented in Tables 2 and 2a. There was no appreciable rainfall in western Oregon from early June until the last day of October. Trial land at Hyslop was irrigated (2 inches, 5 cm) prior to field preparation. Fall fertilizer (100 lbs/A, 30-0-0-6) was pre-plant incorporated. The trial was seeded on September 10. Emergence was excellent. The field was irrigated once again (2 inches, 5 centimeters) on September 23 to assure plant establishment.
Yield Potential. High yield is the bottom line in any production system. Yield potential varies f... more Yield Potential. High yield is the bottom line in any production system. Yield potential varies from variety to variety and for a variety, from one area and from one year to another. Yield potential is a genetic trait but is moderated by other factors such as disease and stress tolerance. To evaluate the yield potential of a variety, review data from test sites with an environment similar to that in your area. Where possible, compare performance over several years as a single year's data is often misleading. Yield data is presented in Table 2.
Crop Science, Mar 1, 1994
Genome, Feb 1, 1987
The F1 plants and F2 and F3 populations obtained from a cross between the derived oat tetraploid ... more The F1 plants and F2 and F3 populations obtained from a cross between the derived oat tetraploid C.I.7232 and natural tetraploid oat Avena barbata Pott. var. Excoimbra Se1.20 were evaluated for reaction to crown rust. The adult F2 plants exhibited a hypersensitive crown rust resistance reaction and were intermediate to their parents in other characteristics. The F2 and F3 seedling and adult plant populations differed in their response to the same mixture of crown rust races, i.e., a two gene segregation ratio at the seedling stage but only one gene segregation in adult plant tests. The resistance of Se1.20 was found to be a type of "stage" resistance that was effective only in vegetative (seedling) growth stages. The resistance gene of Se1.20 could not be detected in progenies that were rust tested as adult plants. Key words: Puccinia coronata, Avena, derived tetraploid.