Ruth Chan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ruth Chan

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of food groups and dietary nutrients on bone loss in elderly Chinese population

The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2010

Osteoporosis and its associated fractures is a major public health problem worldwide. Hong Kong i... more Osteoporosis and its associated fractures is a major public health problem worldwide. Hong Kong is no exception of this problem. The age-specific hip fracture rates among Hong Kong Chinese population have increased by 2-fold in the past few decades (1). The cost for the acute care of hip fracture totaled HK$150 million in 1995, and the cost was projected to increase to HK$960 million in 2010 (2).

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Dietary Survey

Public Health Nutrition, 2011

Objective: To study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabete... more Objective: To study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. Design: A prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Dietary glycaemic load and variety of snacks were also calculated. Setting: A hospital-based centre at the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong SAR, China. Subjects: A total of 1010 Chinese adults aged 25-74 years who participated in a territory-wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995-1996 were followed up for 9-14 years for the development of diabetes. Results: A total of 690 (68?3 %) individuals completed follow-up during 2005-2008 and seventy-four cases of diabetes were identified over the follow-up period. Four dietary patterns were identified ('more snacks and drinks', 'more vegetables, fruits and fish', 'more meat and milk products' and 'more refined grains'). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, participation in exercise/sports and family history of diabetes, the more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with a 14 % lower risk (OR per 1 SD increase in score 5 0?76; 95 % CI 0?58, 0?99), whereas the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with a 39 % greater risk of diabetes (OR per 1 SD increase in score 5 1?39; 95 % CI 1?04, 1?84). Dietary glycaemic load, rice intake, snack intake and variety of snacks were not independently associated with diabetes. Conclusions: The more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with reduced risk and the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.

Research paper thumbnail of A Prospective Cohort Study Examining the Associations of Dietary Calcium Intake with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Chinese Community-Dwelling People

PLoS ONE, 2013

Most epidemiological studies of calcium intake and mortality risk have been conducted in populati... more Most epidemiological studies of calcium intake and mortality risk have been conducted in populations with moderate to high calcium intake, and limited studies have focused on populations with low habitual calcium intake (i.e., mean dietary calcium intake <700 mg/d).

Research paper thumbnail of Fatty Pancreas, Insulin Resistance, and β-Cell Function: A Population Study Using Fat-Water Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease. Fatty pancreas has als... more Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease. Fatty pancreas has also been described but is difficult to assess. It is now possible to measure pancreatic and liver fat accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to define the normal range of pancreatic fat and identify factors associated with fatty pancreas. In addition, the effect of fatty liver and fatty pancreas on insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell function was studied. Fat-water MRI and proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed on 685 healthy volunteers from the general population to measure pancreatic and liver fat, respectively. On the basis of fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, the IR and β-cell function were assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Among subjects without significant alcohol consumption or any component of metabolic syndrome, 90% had pancreatic fat between 1.8 and 10.4%. Using the upper limit of normal of 10.4%, 110 (16.1%; 95% confidence interval 13.3-18.8%) subjects had fatty pancreas. On multivariable analysis, high serum ferritin, central obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia were independent factors associated with fatty pancreas. Subjects with both fatty pancreas and fatty liver had higher HOMA-IR than did those with either condition alone. Fatty pancreas was not associated with HOMA-β after adjusting for liver fat and body mass index. In all, 16.1% of this community cohort of adult Hong Kong Chinese volunteers had a fatty pancreas by our definition. Central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia are associated with fatty pancreas. Individuals with fatty pancreas have increased IR.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of food groups and dietary nutrients on bone loss in elderly Chinese population

The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2010

Osteoporosis and its associated fractures is a major public health problem worldwide. Hong Kong i... more Osteoporosis and its associated fractures is a major public health problem worldwide. Hong Kong is no exception of this problem. The age-specific hip fracture rates among Hong Kong Chinese population have increased by 2-fold in the past few decades (1). The cost for the acute care of hip fracture totaled HK$150 million in 1995, and the cost was projected to increase to HK$960 million in 2010 (2).

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Dietary Survey

Public Health Nutrition, 2011

Objective: To study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabete... more Objective: To study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. Design: A prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Dietary glycaemic load and variety of snacks were also calculated. Setting: A hospital-based centre at the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong SAR, China. Subjects: A total of 1010 Chinese adults aged 25-74 years who participated in a territory-wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995-1996 were followed up for 9-14 years for the development of diabetes. Results: A total of 690 (68?3 %) individuals completed follow-up during 2005-2008 and seventy-four cases of diabetes were identified over the follow-up period. Four dietary patterns were identified ('more snacks and drinks', 'more vegetables, fruits and fish', 'more meat and milk products' and 'more refined grains'). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, participation in exercise/sports and family history of diabetes, the more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with a 14 % lower risk (OR per 1 SD increase in score 5 0?76; 95 % CI 0?58, 0?99), whereas the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with a 39 % greater risk of diabetes (OR per 1 SD increase in score 5 1?39; 95 % CI 1?04, 1?84). Dietary glycaemic load, rice intake, snack intake and variety of snacks were not independently associated with diabetes. Conclusions: The more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with reduced risk and the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.

Research paper thumbnail of A Prospective Cohort Study Examining the Associations of Dietary Calcium Intake with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Chinese Community-Dwelling People

PLoS ONE, 2013

Most epidemiological studies of calcium intake and mortality risk have been conducted in populati... more Most epidemiological studies of calcium intake and mortality risk have been conducted in populations with moderate to high calcium intake, and limited studies have focused on populations with low habitual calcium intake (i.e., mean dietary calcium intake <700 mg/d).

Research paper thumbnail of Fatty Pancreas, Insulin Resistance, and β-Cell Function: A Population Study Using Fat-Water Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2014

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease. Fatty pancreas has als... more Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease. Fatty pancreas has also been described but is difficult to assess. It is now possible to measure pancreatic and liver fat accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to define the normal range of pancreatic fat and identify factors associated with fatty pancreas. In addition, the effect of fatty liver and fatty pancreas on insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell function was studied. Fat-water MRI and proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed on 685 healthy volunteers from the general population to measure pancreatic and liver fat, respectively. On the basis of fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, the IR and β-cell function were assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Among subjects without significant alcohol consumption or any component of metabolic syndrome, 90% had pancreatic fat between 1.8 and 10.4%. Using the upper limit of normal of 10.4%, 110 (16.1%; 95% confidence interval 13.3-18.8%) subjects had fatty pancreas. On multivariable analysis, high serum ferritin, central obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia were independent factors associated with fatty pancreas. Subjects with both fatty pancreas and fatty liver had higher HOMA-IR than did those with either condition alone. Fatty pancreas was not associated with HOMA-β after adjusting for liver fat and body mass index. In all, 16.1% of this community cohort of adult Hong Kong Chinese volunteers had a fatty pancreas by our definition. Central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia are associated with fatty pancreas. Individuals with fatty pancreas have increased IR.