SAJU SIMON S.G - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by SAJU SIMON S.G

Dental X-Ray is one of the very important diagnostic method used by dental practitioner. The meth... more Dental X-Ray is one of the very important diagnostic method used by dental practitioner. The methods use of dental X-Rays diagnostic procedure is well established in the dentistry field. This makes very useful to dental doctors to get extra diagnostic information against the problems from radiation to the patients. Radiation is used for radiography of mouth and other parts are succeeding at first stage. Once the techniques are mastered, it helps to produce good quality diagnostic X-ray images. In many techniques, diagnostic X-Rays are essential for the treatment plan and the treatment may be contraindicated without them. The output image of dental x-rays has unwanted noises and this will removed through various pre processing techniques. In this paper proposed five various methods of pre processing techniques are used such as mean filtering, median filtering, thresholding, wiener filtering and adaptive histogram equalization. From these five methods I found AHE, Adaptive histogram equalization is giving better result. Contrast per pixel matrix techniques is used for analyzing the better pixel brightness. This CPP value is high in AHE method so the result indicates AHE methods are better among other four methods.

A person suffering from acute liver failure requires liver transplantation. But the availability ... more A person suffering from acute liver failure requires liver transplantation. But the availability of donor organ is always a serious problem and is costly. Here bio-artificial liver comes into play with the advent of regenerative hepatocyte cells. The significant feature of bio-artificial liver is that it does not permanently replace the liver function but it acts as a supportive device that is it enhance the proper regeneration of hepatocytes in the affected liver and it severs as a bridge for patients until a transplant comes evitable. These regenerative cells are capable of secreting adequate hormones and improve live supportive system. The most recently used bio artificial liver system is Spheroid Reservoir Bio Artificial Liver [SRBAL] and Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System [MARS]. Other different types are extracorporeal liver perfusion system, extracorporeal liver assist device and modular extracorporeal liver system.

When a person arises in the morning, think of what precious privilege it is to be alive-to breath... more When a person arises in the morning, think of what precious privilege it is to be alive-to breathe the fresh air."Lungs, one of the most vital organ in our body. The growth of extra cells on lungs leads to lung cancer, most lethal cancer. Till today there is no cost effective method introduced to detect lung cancer. Volatile biomarkers opened a new door to solve this problem. By detecting the volatile biomarkers from headspace of cancer can be analyzed from the exhaled air we breathe. This can be detected directly or indirectly. Direct method is via biomarkers from exhaled breathe. Indirect method means by using a non-invasive novel device. This device is named as "Artificial Electronic Nose". This device uses cross selective and sensitive sensor arrays to detect lung cancer biomarkers. Biomarkers or bio-indicators play an important role in detection of lung cancer [4]. They are volatile organic compounds released from the diseased from the organs. The volatile chemical biomarkers for lung cancer are alkenes, ketones, specific aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene derivatives). Expired breathe analysis is most valuable because it can provide many information about the physical parameters and its abnormal variations. This method is non-invasive, comfort, and can be repeated many times. Also it provides more direct information respiratory function than other means. Electronic nose can be classified as an ideal device owing to its versatility, cost effectiveness, rapid output and size. The main working principle for e-nose are Conductive Polymer (C P), Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS), Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW)

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2019

Dental X-ray imaging is one of the medical imaging techniques used by the dental practitioners. T... more Dental X-ray imaging is one of the medical imaging techniques used by the dental practitioners. This method uses dental X-ray diagnostic file. This has been found to be very helpful to dental doctors to get more information on the oral disease in patients. X-ray radiation is used for wide range of medical imaging applications. Once the technique becomes a success, it produces good quality X-ray images. The X-ray image is very essential for the treatment planning and procedure for the patients. The X-ray image has lot of artifacts which can be removed through various preprocessing methods. In this paper a novel method for preprocessing is introduced through the fusion of adaptive histogram, morphological enhancement and wavelet de-noising (AWHM). The input X-ray image is initially checked with various other existing preprocessing methods such as adaptive histogram equalization, un sharp masking, Gaussian low pass and high pass methods, high pass adaptation, morphological enhancement, contrast enhancement and wavelet de-noising. AWHM is giving better result than all the other methods. The existing method and novel method is compared with various non-reference parameters and the reference parameter. The result of the novel method is better than all other existing methods. The Contrast Per Pixel technique is used for analyzing the pixel brightness in a more better way. Since the CPP value is higher in AMHW method it indicates AMHW method is the best among the pre-existing methods.

Journal of critical reviews, 2020

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2018

A wheelchair, we can imagine that a chair it can be move with the help of wheels, it can be used ... more A wheelchair, we can imagine that a chair
it can be move with the help of wheels, it can be used
for the person who have difficulty of walking or
impossible due to disability , injury, or illness . We can
see that there is wide variety of wheelchairs used for
the specific needs. Now a day commonly using
powered wheelchairs, where propulsion is provided by
the electric motors connected by the batteries. For a
manually propelled wheelchair, where the movement
of wheelchair is provided by the occupant pushing the
wheelchair by handle, or by an attendant pushing from
the rear, or by the wheelchair user

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2018

Maintaining temperature is the prime consideration for the effective and safe handling of patient... more Maintaining temperature is the prime consideration for the effective and safe handling of patient. Any problems regarding to it can lead to life threatening conditions for the patient. The normal human body temperature is 37°C. Blood and blood products are usually kept in cold storage to avoid bacterial growth and to preserve the functional integrity and sterility of blood. Blood warmer is a medical device which is used to warm the blood prior to transfusion. In this paper hot water vapour is used to warm the blood bag which is a convection method of heating that do not cause any damages to the blood components. The main advantage of this system is the automatic working of the heating coil. When the blood reaches the desired temperature, the coil will be automatically turned off and when it drops below the body temperature coil will be in on condition. LM35 is a very suitable temperature sensor and it is the heart of this device. In order to avoid damage to the blood components, care should be taken while warming the blood. Therefore we use a method to warm the blood using water vapour in low cost and efficient manner.

The heart rate and temperature are the vital parameters of human body. All diseases are directly ... more The heart rate and temperature are the vital parameters of human body. All diseases are directly or indirectly related with heart rate and temperature. Variation in temperature and heart rate are main indication of problems affecting the body. There will be a shortage of electricity in places like remote and tribal areas and it is very difficult to run this type of device. So we are adding solar power to energies the monitoring system. The heart of our system is ATmega 328 microcontroller. The program for calculating the physiological variable was added to Arduino software. When fingertip is placed over the heart rate sensor and temperature sensor the values can be viewed with help of LCD. If the temp is above 37 degree Celsius buzzer beeps alerting the condition of the patient. This solar powered device is very reliable and helpful for saving life of patient living in remote and tribal areas.

A heart attack or myocardial infarction is a permanent damage to the heart muscles and is a globa... more A heart attack or myocardial infarction is a permanent damage to the heart muscles and is a global leading cause of death. The symptoms vary from individual to individual occurrence is not always known to us. The most common reason for critical delay in medical treatment is patient unawareness and lack of early warning. It is possible to detect the onset of a heart attack and to inform the doctor or the person concerned. In our paper, we introduce a system capable of detecting the heart beat rate using a sensor placed in a smart phone and using a mobile stethoscope to record heart sound for detecting the occurrence of heart attack. So we can determine this problem earlier to reduce the death rate of heart attack. Emergency calling system calls for medical help at the moment of heart attack. The user does not need any specialized hardware is the main advantage.

I. ABSTRACT Deafness is the inability to detect sounds .Total deafness is a condition when a pers... more I. ABSTRACT Deafness is the inability to detect sounds .Total deafness is a condition when a person cannot detect any of the audible sound frequencies between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Normal Hearing aids won't work efficiently for them. It also leads to body imbalance. Traditional analog hearing aids are similar to a simple radio. They can tune and adjusted for volume, bass etc. But hearing loss is not a technical loss of volume. The traditional hearing aid amplifies the sound signal. But it is not efficient for the totally deaf persons. A complete deaf person needs a new way for alerting him apart from the existing hearing aid devices .The present work deals with a way to overcome the conductive to senso-neural forms of hearing loss. This project aims at converting sound waves to light. This device works by picking up sound waves using a condenser microphone. Condenser microphone acts as the sensing device. Eight LED lights are used to indicate different range of sound frequencies. This could be the one of the easiest, low cost and simplest way to alert a person who is completely deaf.

Nanobots which are also called as nanoids, nanorobots, nanites or nanomites are developed based o... more Nanobots which are also called as nanoids, nanorobots, nanites or nanomites are developed based on the molecular nanotechnology (MNT), with the aim to revolutionise the medical field with robotics at nanoscale to reduce risk factors and to perform its specific task without any side effects. Long term chronic diseases can be cured within few days. It can be used for both diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes. Nanobots, the tiny machines which remain as a theoretical concept might be implemented in the near future. Power supply, navigation facility, communication, locomotion, sensors are incorporated inside the tiny device. Introducing nanobots to the medical field reduces the present cost of medical treatment. This paper focus on the development of DNA nanobots using DNA material which is bio compactible and offers no side effect to our body. Construction, targeting, locomotion, targeted drug delivery has been described.

“When a person arises in the morning, think of what precious privilege it is to be alive-to breat... more “When a person arises in the morning,
think of what precious privilege it is to be alive-to
breathe the fresh air.”Lungs, one of the most vital organ
in our body. The growth of extra cells on lungs leads to
lung cancer, most lethal cancer. Till today there is no
cost effective method introduced to detect lung cancer.
Volatile biomarkers opened a new door to solve this
problem. By detecting the volatile biomarkers from
headspace of cancer can be analyzed from the exhaled
air we breathe. This can be detected directly or
indirectly. Direct method is via biomarkers from
exhaled breathe. Indirect method means by using a non
- invasive novel device. This device is named as
“Artificial Electronic Nose”. This device uses cross
selective and sensitive sensor arrays to detect lung
cancer biomarkers. Biomarkers or bio-indicators play
an important role in detection of lung cancer [4]. They
are volatile organic compounds released from the
diseased from the organs. The volatile chemical
biomarkers for lung cancer are alkenes, ketones,
specific aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene derivatives).
Expired breathe analysis is most valuable because it can
provide many information about the physical
parameters and its abnormal variations. This method is
non – invasive, comfort, and can be repeated many
times. Also it provides more direct information
respiratory function than other means. Electronic nose
can be classified as an ideal device owing to its
versatility, cost effectiveness, rapid output and size. The
main working principle for e – nose are Conductive
Polymer (C P), Metal – Oxide Semiconductor (MOS),
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Surface
Acoustic Waves (SAW)

A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), also known as intensive care nursery (ICN), an intensive c... more A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU),
also known as intensive care nursery (ICN), an
intensive care unit specializing in the care of ill
or premature new born infants. Power
consumption is one of the major issue facing in
the use of baby care units. Normally baby care
units are powered by electricity. In the case of
remote areas electricity is a main problem for
using baby care units. For solving this problem
we use solar energy to power the entire unit. In
this project, the main aim to design an integrated
incubator and phototherapy unit for effective
neonatal application in LABVIEW. We power
this entire baby care unit using solar energy.
This will help to use these types of incubator in
remote areas with 32 hrs battery backup. A
filament heated by solar panels maintains a
mean room temperature to maintain normal
temperature. A heating device is used to regulate
and maintain the desired temperature ranging
from 34°C to 36.1°C. The inbuilt phototherapy
unit is used for jaundice treatment. To achieve
this purpose, we use two blue light sources
(fluorescent lamps) of wavelength 425 to
500nm.In addition to that, sensor units and alarm
units are included. Sensor unit includes a wet
sensor to sense the wetness and discomfort in
babies and a sound sensor to sense the babies
cry. Alarm units are also incorporated with this
sensors and it produce alarms in case of
abnormalities in pulse rate, SPO2, NiBp, Body
Temp., Glucose Level, in babies. This data’s is
sent to the patient relatives or doctors mobile
though SMS using GSM

Defibrillators are devices used for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest such as ventricular ar... more Defibrillators are devices used for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest such as ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation. Defibrillator gives the particular amount of electrical energy to the heart. This electrical shock regains normal heart rhythm within seconds. Various types of defibrillators are available nowadays. Automated external defibrillator, wearable defibrillator etc. are some types of defibrillators used now. Most advanced technology develops the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. This defibrillators are placed within the body and which are capable to perform the cardio version, defibrillation and pacing of the heart.The implantation process is just like the pacemaker. This is placed in the apex or septum of the right ventricle. Like pacemaker the implantable cardioverter defibrillators have only one wire in the heart. That is, in the right ventricle. The rate of sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmia and other cardiac disorders can be reduced by the implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy.

Blindness is one of the serious disease that one fear in life. 200 years ago there were no treatm... more Blindness is one of the serious disease that one fear in life. 200 years ago there were no treatment developed to cure blindness. If a man born with blindness, have to complete his life as such. The incorporation of biomedical and electronics have made drastic changes in the research field and this lead to the invention of new devices, one such device is the Bionic Eye. Bionic eye,the artificial eye is partially a solution for blindness.Bionic eye consist of a CCD camera fixed in glasses and a chip placed in the retina.The images that are captured by the camera aresending to the chip through wireless transmission, where these images are converted into electrical impulses, the impulse that the brain can analyze.The major advantage of bionic eye is it provides a solution for those who are challenged with age related blindness. The major diseases which is affecting eye are Cataract, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Macular Degeneration, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbiopia, Macular Edema, Keratonosus, Trachoma, Leucoma, Cystoids Macular Edema, and Drusen. Among these diseases bionic eye puts a fullstop to eye diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa, Macular Degeneration. Researches and studies are carried out in SVEC (Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center), university of Houston.

Water quality assessment and management has attained significant importance over the years owing ... more Water quality assessment and management has attained significant importance over the years owing to the growing concern and awareness on environment and health related impacts.This review paper highlights on how the different Remote sensing and Geographic Information System(GIS) techniques has been applied for the water quality assessment.Satellite images used for tracing the organic contamination in surface water through different models like WQI models,GIS based spatial regression models,export coefficient model,GPZM groundwater pollution zone model.Pollution mapping techniques through GIS helps in identifying the extent of pollution and the overlying with different thematic layers highlights the source of pollution.High resolution satellite data such as hyperion were used for mapping water quality degradation components using biooptical model.The wavelength and band selection of the remote sensed data is of importance for the identification of particular contaminants in water body.Relating to health aspects ,GIS is being used for evaluating and controlling the water quality in the distribution system.It is not only the assessment but also managing the non point sources to improve water resources .Integration of Remote sensed data and visualization capability of GIS along with different models help in better decision making in the field of water resource .

Edge detection places a vital role in image processing. It is one of the techniques used to detec... more Edge detection places a vital role in image processing. It is one of the techniques used to detect the intensity value and sharpness of the image. Variety of edge detection techniques is available. In this paper we use Canny „sedge detection technique. This technique is more advanced and optimal when compared to other techniques. Canny‟s method gives better output in noise presence also. This method is used for finding detection and extraction from different images. This method works on the basis of an algorithm named as Canny‟s algorithm. The method gives low error, minimal response and good localization.

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2019

Journal of critical reviews, 2020

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2018