MUKESH SANKAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by MUKESH SANKAR
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Feb 25, 2022
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone is cultivated... more Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone is cultivated in environments of low and erratic rainfall, high temperatures, and low soil fertility and is the main source of food and fodder for the farming communities in arid and semiarid tropics of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It is a drought-tolerant warm-season cereal grown in dryland agriculture on more than 27 million ha in some of the harshest environments in Africa's arid and semiarid tropical regions (17 million ha) and Asia (10 million ha). In these regions, pearl millet is a staple food of more than 90 million people. In India, pearl millet is the fourth most widely cultivated cereal food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Pearl millet cultivated in 7.41 million hectares during 2020-21. The production and productivity of pearl millet were recorded at 10.3 million tons and 1391 kg per hectare, respectively, during this period. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, and Gujarat accounted for more than 90% of the total area under pearl millet and contributed to 87.7% of total production (Satyavathi, 2019). Pearl millet supplies around 80-90% of the calories for several millions of poor people in the globe (Burton et al.
![Research paper thumbnail of Stability analysis of yield and yield related traits in ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104617982/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Apr 25, 2022
A study on stability analysis was carried out in 30 diverse genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellat... more A study on stability analysis was carried out in 30 diverse genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb.) in eastern hill region of India. Significant differences among the genotypes over the years were observed for all the three traits studied. The first two principal components axis (IPCA1, 90.4% and IPCA2, 9.6%) could explain 100% of the total of the interaction variation. Correlation study showed that the stability parameters are highly associated with each other (p < 0.01). Multi trait stability index and genotype selection along with strength and weakness view of the genotypes to the traits inferred higher productivity of BSKB 28 (G29) for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant and Ukhrul 15 (G17) for number of seeds/pod. Different stability measures selected seven genotypes, namely, Bete 6 (G22), IC002567 (G8), Ukhrul 6 (G13), Ukhrul 14 (G16), Ukhrul 15 (G17), Bete 4 (G21) and BSKB 3 (G28) as the most desirable and stable performing with good yield over the years.
![Research paper thumbnail of Combining ability and heterosis studies for grain iron and zinc concentrations in pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L). Morrone]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104617997/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Frontiers in Plant Science
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency has been identified as a major food-related health issue, affe... more Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency has been identified as a major food-related health issue, affecting two billion people globally. Efforts to enhance the Fe and Zn content in food grains through plant breeding are an economic and sustainable solution to combat micronutrient deficiency in resource-poor populace of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet, Cenchrus americanus (L). Morrone, considered as a hardy nutri-cereal, is the major food crop for millions of people of these nations. As an effort to enhance its grain mineral content, an investigation was conducted using line × tester analysis to generate information on the extent of heterosis, gene action, combining ability for grain yield potential, and grain mineral nutrients (Fe and Zn). The partitioning of variance attributable to parents indicated that the lines and testers differed significantly for the traits studied. For most of the attributes, hybrids that were superior to the parents in the desired direction in terms of per se per...
Agronomy
An association mapping panel consisting of 380 genotypes of chickpea was evaluated for three diff... more An association mapping panel consisting of 380 genotypes of chickpea was evaluated for three different years, including 2014–2015, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, for yield-contributing parameters, including the seed number and seed weight. The AMMI analysis presented mainly concentrated on the seed weight and seed number, which are the two most important yield-contributing traits. The genotypes contributed 93.08% of the total variance, while the interaction effect was comparatively low, with 4.1% for the two traits. AMMI biplot analysis identified IG5986, IG5982, ILC6025 and ICCV14307 as desirable genotypes for the seed weight and IG5893, ILC6891 and IG5856 for the seed number. Identifying stable genotypes would help in strategic planning for yield improvement through component trait breeding.
Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding, 2022
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
For the efficient hybrid seed production, several cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) system... more For the efficient hybrid seed production, several cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) systems were identified in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum ( L) R. Br). However, most of the hybrids developed in pearl millet are based on A1 cytoplasm due to availability of high frequency of restorers in the natural population. This dependence on a single cytoplasm makes any hybrid seed industry vulnerable to disease and insect pest epidemics. A5 can be a good alternative to A1 since it is the most stable cytoplasm available. But due to very low frequency (~2%) of restorers available in germplasm, utilization of A5 cytoplasm in hybrid development had been almost negligible. Restorer breeding efficiency of this CMS system can be significantly increased by understanding the inheritance of fertility restoration by Rf-gene for A5 cytoplasm, which is poorly studied so far and only one publication is available. Present investigation aims to understand the genetics associated with fertility resto...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2018
Micronutrient deficiency has become a global threat and especially, people inhabiting in developi... more Micronutrient deficiency has become a global threat and especially, people inhabiting in developing countries who predominantly feed on cereal diet are more prone to this micronutrient malnutrition. Millets are nutri-cereals which can combat with this malnutrition. Among all the millets, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a rich source of essential amino acids and minerals like Fe and Zn content. Improvement of pearl millet with micronutrients and grain yield can be aimed by exploiting the genetic variability existing in the population. Hence, the present study was aimed to understand the genetic variability and correlation of micronutrients, grain yield and other agronomic traits. The result from Analysis of Variance studied in 130 pearl millet lines revealed significant variation for all 13 traits under study. GCV and PCV were high for Fe content, grain yield and number of productive tillers/plant, which revealed the presence of larger variation for these traits. The...
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization
To explore trait variation, assess relative performance and establish association among yield and... more To explore trait variation, assess relative performance and establish association among yield and its associated traits in maize under organic system, 373 maize genotypes that consisted of landraces, open-pollinated varieties and single-cross hybrids were tested under organic management in Sikkim midhills. Data of 8 years (2009–2015 and 2019) for 12 agronomic traits viz., plant height, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking, days to 75% dry husk, grain yield per ha, anthesis–silking interval, cob length, cob diameter, kernel rows per cob, kernels per row, number of cobs per plot and test weight were taken for analysis. Conventionally bred maize hybrids yielded 95.36% higher than the landraces and 58.60% higher than the open-pollinated varieties. Landraces displayed highest mean anthesis–silking interval of 7.18 days. In open-pollinated varieties, test weight showed a positive association with grain yield (0.37) while plant height (0.33) and kernels per row (0.34) were positivel...
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Apr 8, 2021
Journal of Tropical Agriculture
Pearl millet is an important staple food crop in some of the most marginal regions of Asia and su... more Pearl millet is an important staple food crop in some of the most marginal regions of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Pearl millet is endowed with various essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins and also has various nutraceutical properties. However, one of the most important constraints limiting wider commercial utilization of pearl millet defeating all bio-fortification and grain quality breeding activities is its dark grey colour of the grain. Thus consumer acceptance and industrial applicability need to be addressed; but physical interventions like post-harvest processing, packaging, etc is a not so pragmatic approach. Hence breeding programme aiming at developing pearly white grain colour of pearl millet was attempted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and a number of breeding lines with white to cream grain colour of pearl millet were developed. While developing white grain coloured pearl millet attempts were also made to incorporate downy mildew resistance. ...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute’s Regional Research Centre, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnata... more ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute’s Regional Research Centre, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, India ICARIndian Institute of Millets Research(IIMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Maize Genetics Unit, New Delhi, 110012, India ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pearl millet Unit, New Delhi, 110012, India ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India. JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi, 590010, India Karnataka University, Dharwad (KUD), 580 003, Karnataka, India ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region (RCER), Patna 800 014, Bihar, India *Corresponding author’s email: jsbhat73@gmail.com Email addresses of coauthors: bs_patil2000@yahoo.com, hariprasannak@yahoo.com, fh_gpb@yahoo.com, pmvignesh@yahoo.co.in, ganapati4121@gmail.com, MG.Mallikarjuna@ica...
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Dec 16, 2020
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Feb 25, 2022
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone is cultivated... more Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone is cultivated in environments of low and erratic rainfall, high temperatures, and low soil fertility and is the main source of food and fodder for the farming communities in arid and semiarid tropics of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It is a drought-tolerant warm-season cereal grown in dryland agriculture on more than 27 million ha in some of the harshest environments in Africa's arid and semiarid tropical regions (17 million ha) and Asia (10 million ha). In these regions, pearl millet is a staple food of more than 90 million people. In India, pearl millet is the fourth most widely cultivated cereal food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Pearl millet cultivated in 7.41 million hectares during 2020-21. The production and productivity of pearl millet were recorded at 10.3 million tons and 1391 kg per hectare, respectively, during this period. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana, and Gujarat accounted for more than 90% of the total area under pearl millet and contributed to 87.7% of total production (Satyavathi, 2019). Pearl millet supplies around 80-90% of the calories for several millions of poor people in the globe (Burton et al.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Apr 25, 2022
A study on stability analysis was carried out in 30 diverse genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellat... more A study on stability analysis was carried out in 30 diverse genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellata Thunb.) in eastern hill region of India. Significant differences among the genotypes over the years were observed for all the three traits studied. The first two principal components axis (IPCA1, 90.4% and IPCA2, 9.6%) could explain 100% of the total of the interaction variation. Correlation study showed that the stability parameters are highly associated with each other (p < 0.01). Multi trait stability index and genotype selection along with strength and weakness view of the genotypes to the traits inferred higher productivity of BSKB 28 (G29) for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant and Ukhrul 15 (G17) for number of seeds/pod. Different stability measures selected seven genotypes, namely, Bete 6 (G22), IC002567 (G8), Ukhrul 6 (G13), Ukhrul 14 (G16), Ukhrul 15 (G17), Bete 4 (G21) and BSKB 3 (G28) as the most desirable and stable performing with good yield over the years.
Frontiers in Plant Science
Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency has been identified as a major food-related health issue, affe... more Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency has been identified as a major food-related health issue, affecting two billion people globally. Efforts to enhance the Fe and Zn content in food grains through plant breeding are an economic and sustainable solution to combat micronutrient deficiency in resource-poor populace of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet, Cenchrus americanus (L). Morrone, considered as a hardy nutri-cereal, is the major food crop for millions of people of these nations. As an effort to enhance its grain mineral content, an investigation was conducted using line × tester analysis to generate information on the extent of heterosis, gene action, combining ability for grain yield potential, and grain mineral nutrients (Fe and Zn). The partitioning of variance attributable to parents indicated that the lines and testers differed significantly for the traits studied. For most of the attributes, hybrids that were superior to the parents in the desired direction in terms of per se per...
Agronomy
An association mapping panel consisting of 380 genotypes of chickpea was evaluated for three diff... more An association mapping panel consisting of 380 genotypes of chickpea was evaluated for three different years, including 2014–2015, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, for yield-contributing parameters, including the seed number and seed weight. The AMMI analysis presented mainly concentrated on the seed weight and seed number, which are the two most important yield-contributing traits. The genotypes contributed 93.08% of the total variance, while the interaction effect was comparatively low, with 4.1% for the two traits. AMMI biplot analysis identified IG5986, IG5982, ILC6025 and ICCV14307 as desirable genotypes for the seed weight and IG5893, ILC6891 and IG5856 for the seed number. Identifying stable genotypes would help in strategic planning for yield improvement through component trait breeding.
Fundamentals of Field Crop Breeding, 2022
The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
For the efficient hybrid seed production, several cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) system... more For the efficient hybrid seed production, several cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) systems were identified in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum ( L) R. Br). However, most of the hybrids developed in pearl millet are based on A1 cytoplasm due to availability of high frequency of restorers in the natural population. This dependence on a single cytoplasm makes any hybrid seed industry vulnerable to disease and insect pest epidemics. A5 can be a good alternative to A1 since it is the most stable cytoplasm available. But due to very low frequency (~2%) of restorers available in germplasm, utilization of A5 cytoplasm in hybrid development had been almost negligible. Restorer breeding efficiency of this CMS system can be significantly increased by understanding the inheritance of fertility restoration by Rf-gene for A5 cytoplasm, which is poorly studied so far and only one publication is available. Present investigation aims to understand the genetics associated with fertility resto...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2018
Micronutrient deficiency has become a global threat and especially, people inhabiting in developi... more Micronutrient deficiency has become a global threat and especially, people inhabiting in developing countries who predominantly feed on cereal diet are more prone to this micronutrient malnutrition. Millets are nutri-cereals which can combat with this malnutrition. Among all the millets, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is a rich source of essential amino acids and minerals like Fe and Zn content. Improvement of pearl millet with micronutrients and grain yield can be aimed by exploiting the genetic variability existing in the population. Hence, the present study was aimed to understand the genetic variability and correlation of micronutrients, grain yield and other agronomic traits. The result from Analysis of Variance studied in 130 pearl millet lines revealed significant variation for all 13 traits under study. GCV and PCV were high for Fe content, grain yield and number of productive tillers/plant, which revealed the presence of larger variation for these traits. The...
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization
To explore trait variation, assess relative performance and establish association among yield and... more To explore trait variation, assess relative performance and establish association among yield and its associated traits in maize under organic system, 373 maize genotypes that consisted of landraces, open-pollinated varieties and single-cross hybrids were tested under organic management in Sikkim midhills. Data of 8 years (2009–2015 and 2019) for 12 agronomic traits viz., plant height, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking, days to 75% dry husk, grain yield per ha, anthesis–silking interval, cob length, cob diameter, kernel rows per cob, kernels per row, number of cobs per plot and test weight were taken for analysis. Conventionally bred maize hybrids yielded 95.36% higher than the landraces and 58.60% higher than the open-pollinated varieties. Landraces displayed highest mean anthesis–silking interval of 7.18 days. In open-pollinated varieties, test weight showed a positive association with grain yield (0.37) while plant height (0.33) and kernels per row (0.34) were positivel...
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Apr 8, 2021
Journal of Tropical Agriculture
Pearl millet is an important staple food crop in some of the most marginal regions of Asia and su... more Pearl millet is an important staple food crop in some of the most marginal regions of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Pearl millet is endowed with various essential nutrients, minerals and vitamins and also has various nutraceutical properties. However, one of the most important constraints limiting wider commercial utilization of pearl millet defeating all bio-fortification and grain quality breeding activities is its dark grey colour of the grain. Thus consumer acceptance and industrial applicability need to be addressed; but physical interventions like post-harvest processing, packaging, etc is a not so pragmatic approach. Hence breeding programme aiming at developing pearly white grain colour of pearl millet was attempted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and a number of breeding lines with white to cream grain colour of pearl millet were developed. While developing white grain coloured pearl millet attempts were also made to incorporate downy mildew resistance. ...
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute’s Regional Research Centre, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnata... more ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute’s Regional Research Centre, Dharwad, 580 005, Karnataka, India ICARIndian Institute of Millets Research(IIMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Maize Genetics Unit, New Delhi, 110012, India ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pearl millet Unit, New Delhi, 110012, India ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India. JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Belagavi, 590010, India Karnataka University, Dharwad (KUD), 580 003, Karnataka, India ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region (RCER), Patna 800 014, Bihar, India *Corresponding author’s email: jsbhat73@gmail.com Email addresses of coauthors: bs_patil2000@yahoo.com, hariprasannak@yahoo.com, fh_gpb@yahoo.com, pmvignesh@yahoo.co.in, ganapati4121@gmail.com, MG.Mallikarjuna@ica...
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Dec 16, 2020
Genome Wide Association Mapping of Foliar Blast Resistance Genes in Pearl Millet Using SNP Markers, 2021
Background: Foliar blast (FB) aka leaf spot caused by Magnaporthe grisea became major threat to p... more Background: Foliar blast (FB) aka leaf spot caused by Magnaporthe grisea became major threat to pearl millet growing areas affecting both forage and grain production of pearl millet hybrids and parental lines Even though there exists a huge genetic variability in pearl millet against FB, no systematic efforts were undertaken to identify new resistance genes or map them. Identifying novel alleles and gene associated with FB resistance will help to deploy various resistance genes over large geographical area. Methods: A panel of 250 genotypes was evaluated at five environments under natural epiphytic conditions. The disease score for each genotype at five environments was assessed following the 0-9 progressive scale and their SNP genotyping was carried out using Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol A set of 74K SNP genotyping data of these genotypes were used for Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes/alleles for FB resistance in pearl millet.
Results. The relative magnitude of each association was represented by the R value as the portion of variation explained by the marker at the threshold -log 10 p-value 5.00. Forty six most significant marker trait associations for foliar blast resistance were identified on pseudo molecules 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 using MLM analysis Moreover analysis of the upstream and downstream in a window +2 kb of the SNP loci detected a total of 10 putative candidate genes at the target regions.
Conclusion The present work reports the resistance genes and its chromosomal locations which are associated with Pearl millet- Magnaporthe interaction for first time in the world.