S. Ebbesson - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by S. Ebbesson
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2012
British Journal of Nutrition, 2005
Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their product... more Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene–nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient–genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an incr...
Low fasting insulin levels in Eskimos compared to American Indians: are Eskimos less insulin resistant?
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Nat... more The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Native American populations. The reasons for this may be partially explained by differences in the occurrence of insulin resistance. In this report we compare fasting insulin levels, which correlate with insulin resistance, in Alaskan Eskimo subjects to those among American Indians. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, and using identical laboratory methods, we found significantly lower insulin levels among Eskimo compared with Indian participants with normal glucose tolerance. Among Eskimos insulin levels increased with increasing body mass index, were higher for women than men, and did not appreciably change with age. Our data suggest that among Eskimo people insulin resistance may be less prevalent or severe than among American Indians, but that obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance. Future analyses will examine the association between insulin levels an...
Diabetes is related to fatty acid imbalance in Eskimos
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The reasons for the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes (NIDDM) among Alaskan Eskimos are o... more The reasons for the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes (NIDDM) among Alaskan Eskimos are only partly understood. This study examines the association of fatty acid metabolism in 68 Alaskan Eskimos with NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 386 with normal glucose tolerance > 24 years old. The prevalence of NIDDM was 12% and IGT was 18% in those > 54 years of age and in those < 55 years of age was 3.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Those with abnormal glucose tolerance had lower concentrations of some omega-3 fatty acids (FAs 18:3 omega-3, 20:5 omega-3) and some omega-6 FAs (18:3 omega-6, 20:3 omega-6, 22:4 omega-6) and higher concentrations of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1 omega-9) than the normo-glycemic participants. These data provide evidence that glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are associated with a deviation from a traditional diet of fish and marine mammals (high in omega-3 FAs and low in saturated fats) to commercial foods (low in omeg...
Changes in ligand binding to GABAA receptor sites in pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) brain during spawning migration and "aging
Journal fur Hirnforschung, 1992
When several years old, pacific salmon return to the site of birth, to spawn. At this time, a rap... more When several years old, pacific salmon return to the site of birth, to spawn. At this time, a rapid aging process begins and the fish die within a few weeks after reproducing. Age-related changes of high and low affinity GABA binding sites were studied in salmon brains at three different phases of the spawning migration, i.e. shortly after returning to the natal stream, at the time of spawning, and thereafter. High affinity GABA binding slightly increased while the fish deteriorated. The low affinity component showed a remarkable decrease in density and a concomitant increase in affinity during this final episode of salmon life.
Dietary intakes among Siberian Yupiks of Alaska and implications for cardiovascular disease
International journal of circumpolar health, 1998
We describe dietary intake for 65 Siberian Yupik residents of Gambell, AK using 24-h recalls and ... more We describe dietary intake for 65 Siberian Yupik residents of Gambell, AK using 24-h recalls and annual food frequencies collected in October 1992. The objectives were to describe dietary characteristics important in risk of cardiovascular disease, determine the extent that their diet differs from the diet of general US and northern populations, assess how the diet met national guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and propose dietary recommendations. Compared to US intakes in general (NHANES III), intakes of Siberian Yupiks expressed as percent of energy were: 8-10% higher in fat, 6% higher in protein, 5-7% higher in monounsaturated fats and 12-15% lower in carbohydrate. Energy from saturated and polyunsaturated fats was similar (11% and 8% respectively). Cholesterol intakes were not significantly different. Mean intakes of selenium, a-topocopherol, folacin (men), and vitamin C (men) met Recommended Dietary Allowances, which may contribute to cardiovascular healt...
Associations between dietary factors and plasma lipids related to cardiovascular disease among Siberian Yupiks of Alaska
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The diet of northern Native people has been postulated to protect against cardiovascular disease.... more The diet of northern Native people has been postulated to protect against cardiovascular disease. We asked whether nutrient and food intakes of Eskimos were correlated with their plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and LDL-HDL ratio. Frequency of consumption of 91 foods among 64 Siberian Yupik adults was measured during home-based interviews. Intake of monounsaturated fat by men was negatively correlated with LDL. Foods and nutrients that contribute to the LDL-HDL ratio explained 42% of its variation among all subjects. Inclusion of the body mass index (BMI) explained 59% of the variation in the LDL-HDL ratio. Coefficients were negative for alpha-tocopherol, fresh bird, evaporated milk and cheese, and positive for BMI, syrup and pizza. BMI had a positive effect on the LDL-HDL ratio among younger adults, women and the entire sample, but did not contribute to explaining the variation among older adults or men. This emphasizes the importance of weight control among younger Sibe...
Lipoprotein profiles in Alaskan Siberian Yupik Eskimos
Arctic medical research, 1996
Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan com... more Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan communities. As part of a detailed assessment of the prevalence of these diseases and associated risk factors in several villages, we report here on the plasma concentrations of lipoprotein and apoprotein in a sample of Siberian Yupik Eskimos aged 40-87 years living in the village of Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. Mean cholesterol levels for females were 242 mg/dl and 223 for males. LDL levels were 161 for females and 149 for males, while HDL levels were 67 for females and 58 for males. The mean ApoB and Apo-A1 values were 112 mg/dl and 167 mg/dl for males and females. Triglycerides were 73 for females and 77 for males. The allele frequency of APOE*3 and APOE*4 were .900 and .100 respectively. There was a total absence of the APOE*2 allele in this sample. Mean total cholesterol concentrations in this sample were markedly higher than those reported in 1958 from this village and from those r...
Hypertension and diabetes among Siberian Yupik Eskimos of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Public health reports, 1996
CHANGING DIETS AND LIFESTYLES contribute to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disea... more CHANGING DIETS AND LIFESTYLES contribute to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Alaska Natives. To examine the problem in detail, we have begun a systematic screening of various ethnic groups by carrying out a pilot study of Siberian Yupik Eskimos ages 39 and over. Mean LDL and HDL levels were 157 mg/dl and 63 mg/dl. Mean fasting insulin was 7.0 microunits/ml; and mean BMI, 27.1. Fasting insulin level was significantly related to both diastolic blood pressure and fasting triglyceride levels, but not to systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. Of the 66 people screened, 27% had evidence of hypertension.
Diabetes mellitus in three Alaskan Eskimo populations
Diurnal and seasonal variations of melatonin and serotonin in women with seasonal affective disorder
In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter typ... more In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter type, were treated by light at 2500 lux either in the morning (0800h-1000h) or afternoon (1600h-1800h). In winter before light treatment, melatonin levels in serum in daytime (1200h and 1600h) were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). This difference disappeared in the summer or after light treatment in the winter. Also, light treatment and change in season resulted in a phase advance shift of melatonin rhythm in patients. The decline in melatonin levels correlated with the decline in specific SAD symptoms of hyperphagia and carbohydrate craving. In winter, neither patients nor controls showed significant diurnal variations in levels of whole blood serotonin. In both patients and controls, levels of serotonin were higher in summer as compared with winter, especially at 2000h. Our data suggest that elevated daytime melatonin can be a state marker of winter depression, and t...
The Alaska WAMI Program: a preliminary study of factors affecting specialty choice and practice location
Glucose tolerance and insulin-resistance syndrome among St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
OBJECTIVES Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising... more OBJECTIVES Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remains lower than the U.S. average. We conducted a screening study for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in a remote Yup'ik Eskimo community in Alaska. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included Siberian Yup'ik Eskimo residents of Gambell, Alaska, > or = age 40 years who underwent a 2 h 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test interpreted by WHO criteria. Other measurements included fasting serum insulin and lipid levels, bioimpedance body fat %, body-mass-index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure. RESULTS Of 114 eligible subjects, 65 (57%) participated. These subjects had lower mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, lower triglyceride, and higher mean HDL cholesterol levels compared to a similarly aged U.S. all races sample. The mean fasting insulin level of 50.9 pmol/L appeared low given the high mean BMI (27.2). Six subjects had ...
Tectal afferents in Rana pipiens. A reassessment questioning the comparability of HRP-results
Studying afferents to the optic tectum in Rana pipiens by means of retrograde HRP transport, resu... more Studying afferents to the optic tectum in Rana pipiens by means of retrograde HRP transport, results were obtained, that cast doubt on the reliability of this neuronal tract tracing technique. The tectum was found to receive afferents from e.g. lateral mesencephalic tegmentum, torus semicircularis, contralateral large-celled pretectal nucleus, and ipsilateral thalamic nuclei, which have not previously been demonstrated. In addition, the data obtained lack evidence of projections reported earlier. We suggest, that neuronal projections may be subject to hormone and/or activity dependent changes, that alter the probability of accumulating sufficient amounts of the tracer to become labeled.
A Quantitative Study of Human Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia
The Anatomical record, 1963
... Sections for the axon counts were stained according to the method of Bodian ('36). The m... more ... Sections for the axon counts were stained according to the method of Bodian ('36). The method of Kliiver and Barrera ('53) was used to stain myelin sheaths. COUNTING ... To Drs. Edward McC.Peebles, Homer D. Kirgis, and Prof. Harold ...
Low fasting insulin levels in Eskimos compared to American Indians: are Eskimos less insulin resistant?
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Nat... more The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Native American populations. The reasons for this may be partially explained by differences in the occurrence of insulin resistance. In this report we compare fasting insulin levels, which correlate with insulin resistance, in Alaskan Eskimo subjects to those among American Indians. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, and using identical laboratory methods, we found significantly lower insulin levels among Eskimo compared with Indian participants with normal glucose tolerance. Among Eskimos insulin levels increased with increasing body mass index, were higher for women than men, and did not appreciably change with age. Our data suggest that among Eskimo people insulin resistance may be less prevalent or severe than among American Indians, but that obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance. Future analyses will examine the association between insulin levels an...
Glucose tolerance and insulin-resistance syndrome among St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
International journal of circumpolar health, 1998
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remain... more Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remains lower than the U.S. average. We conducted a screening study for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in a remote Yup'ik Eskimo community in Alaska. The study population included Siberian Yup'ik Eskimo residents of Gambell, Alaska, > or = age 40 years who underwent a 2 h 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test interpreted by WHO criteria. Other measurements included fasting serum insulin and lipid levels, bioimpedance body fat %, body-mass-index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure. Of 114 eligible subjects, 65 (57%) participated. These subjects had lower mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, lower triglyceride, and higher mean HDL cholesterol levels compared to a similarly aged U.S. all races sample. The mean fasting insulin level of 50.9 pmol/L appeared low given the high mean BMI (27.2). Six subjects had NIDDM (9%, 95% CI 2%-16%) and eight had impaire...
The beta(3)-adrenergic receptor TRP64ARG polymorphism and obesity in Alaskan Eskimos
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1997
A polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) has been described and consists of a... more A polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) has been described and consists of an amino acid substitution at position 64 where tryptophan is replaced by arginine (Arg allele). This polymorphism appears to be a modest contributor to obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and may be dependent on gender, gene dosage, ethnic background and environmental factors. We have investigated whether the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-AR was associated with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure or the presence of NIDDM in Alaskan Eskimos. Two hundred and fifty four Alaskan Eskimos from two distinct villages (Inupiaq and Yupik). beta 3-AR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion. The frequency of the Arg allele in Alaskan Eskimos was 0.38 and represents the highest Arg allele frequency in any population reported to date. 13.8% of the population were homozygous for the Arg allele, 47.6% heterozygous, and 38.6%...
Lipoprotein profiles in Alaskan Siberian Yupik Eskimos
Arctic medical research, 1996
Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan com... more Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan communities. As part of a detailed assessment of the prevalence of these diseases and associated risk factors in several villages, we report here on the plasma concentrations of lipoprotein and apoprotein in a sample of Siberian Yupik Eskimos aged 40-87 years living in the village of Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. Mean cholesterol levels for females were 242 mg/dl and 223 for males. LDL levels were 161 for females and 149 for males, while HDL levels were 67 for females and 58 for males. The mean ApoB and Apo-A1 values were 112 mg/dl and 167 mg/dl for males and females. Triglycerides were 73 for females and 77 for males. The allele frequency of APOE*3 and APOE*4 were .900 and .100 respectively. There was a total absence of the APOE*2 allele in this sample. Mean total cholesterol concentrations in this sample were markedly higher than those reported in 1958 from this village and from those r...
Bilateral retinal projections in the black piranha (Serrasalnus niger)
Cell and tissue research, 1980
The retinal projections were studied in the black piranha (Serrasalmus niger) with degeneration a... more The retinal projections were studied in the black piranha (Serrasalmus niger) with degeneration and autoradiographic methods. The projections are bilateral to the hypothalamic optic nucleus, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, corpus geniculatum ipsum of Meader (1934) and the optic tectum. Unilateral, crossed projections were traced to the pretectal nucleus and the cortical nucleus. The visual system of the black piranha is exceptionally well developed but has retained many primitive features including the extensive bilateral projections.
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2012
British Journal of Nutrition, 2005
Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their product... more Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene–nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient–genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an incr...
Low fasting insulin levels in Eskimos compared to American Indians: are Eskimos less insulin resistant?
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Nat... more The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Native American populations. The reasons for this may be partially explained by differences in the occurrence of insulin resistance. In this report we compare fasting insulin levels, which correlate with insulin resistance, in Alaskan Eskimo subjects to those among American Indians. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, and using identical laboratory methods, we found significantly lower insulin levels among Eskimo compared with Indian participants with normal glucose tolerance. Among Eskimos insulin levels increased with increasing body mass index, were higher for women than men, and did not appreciably change with age. Our data suggest that among Eskimo people insulin resistance may be less prevalent or severe than among American Indians, but that obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance. Future analyses will examine the association between insulin levels an...
Diabetes is related to fatty acid imbalance in Eskimos
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The reasons for the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes (NIDDM) among Alaskan Eskimos are o... more The reasons for the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes (NIDDM) among Alaskan Eskimos are only partly understood. This study examines the association of fatty acid metabolism in 68 Alaskan Eskimos with NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 386 with normal glucose tolerance > 24 years old. The prevalence of NIDDM was 12% and IGT was 18% in those > 54 years of age and in those < 55 years of age was 3.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Those with abnormal glucose tolerance had lower concentrations of some omega-3 fatty acids (FAs 18:3 omega-3, 20:5 omega-3) and some omega-6 FAs (18:3 omega-6, 20:3 omega-6, 22:4 omega-6) and higher concentrations of palmitic acid (16:0) and oleic acid (18:1 omega-9) than the normo-glycemic participants. These data provide evidence that glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are associated with a deviation from a traditional diet of fish and marine mammals (high in omega-3 FAs and low in saturated fats) to commercial foods (low in omeg...
Changes in ligand binding to GABAA receptor sites in pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus) brain during spawning migration and "aging
Journal fur Hirnforschung, 1992
When several years old, pacific salmon return to the site of birth, to spawn. At this time, a rap... more When several years old, pacific salmon return to the site of birth, to spawn. At this time, a rapid aging process begins and the fish die within a few weeks after reproducing. Age-related changes of high and low affinity GABA binding sites were studied in salmon brains at three different phases of the spawning migration, i.e. shortly after returning to the natal stream, at the time of spawning, and thereafter. High affinity GABA binding slightly increased while the fish deteriorated. The low affinity component showed a remarkable decrease in density and a concomitant increase in affinity during this final episode of salmon life.
Dietary intakes among Siberian Yupiks of Alaska and implications for cardiovascular disease
International journal of circumpolar health, 1998
We describe dietary intake for 65 Siberian Yupik residents of Gambell, AK using 24-h recalls and ... more We describe dietary intake for 65 Siberian Yupik residents of Gambell, AK using 24-h recalls and annual food frequencies collected in October 1992. The objectives were to describe dietary characteristics important in risk of cardiovascular disease, determine the extent that their diet differs from the diet of general US and northern populations, assess how the diet met national guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and propose dietary recommendations. Compared to US intakes in general (NHANES III), intakes of Siberian Yupiks expressed as percent of energy were: 8-10% higher in fat, 6% higher in protein, 5-7% higher in monounsaturated fats and 12-15% lower in carbohydrate. Energy from saturated and polyunsaturated fats was similar (11% and 8% respectively). Cholesterol intakes were not significantly different. Mean intakes of selenium, a-topocopherol, folacin (men), and vitamin C (men) met Recommended Dietary Allowances, which may contribute to cardiovascular healt...
Associations between dietary factors and plasma lipids related to cardiovascular disease among Siberian Yupiks of Alaska
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The diet of northern Native people has been postulated to protect against cardiovascular disease.... more The diet of northern Native people has been postulated to protect against cardiovascular disease. We asked whether nutrient and food intakes of Eskimos were correlated with their plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and LDL-HDL ratio. Frequency of consumption of 91 foods among 64 Siberian Yupik adults was measured during home-based interviews. Intake of monounsaturated fat by men was negatively correlated with LDL. Foods and nutrients that contribute to the LDL-HDL ratio explained 42% of its variation among all subjects. Inclusion of the body mass index (BMI) explained 59% of the variation in the LDL-HDL ratio. Coefficients were negative for alpha-tocopherol, fresh bird, evaporated milk and cheese, and positive for BMI, syrup and pizza. BMI had a positive effect on the LDL-HDL ratio among younger adults, women and the entire sample, but did not contribute to explaining the variation among older adults or men. This emphasizes the importance of weight control among younger Sibe...
Lipoprotein profiles in Alaskan Siberian Yupik Eskimos
Arctic medical research, 1996
Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan com... more Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan communities. As part of a detailed assessment of the prevalence of these diseases and associated risk factors in several villages, we report here on the plasma concentrations of lipoprotein and apoprotein in a sample of Siberian Yupik Eskimos aged 40-87 years living in the village of Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. Mean cholesterol levels for females were 242 mg/dl and 223 for males. LDL levels were 161 for females and 149 for males, while HDL levels were 67 for females and 58 for males. The mean ApoB and Apo-A1 values were 112 mg/dl and 167 mg/dl for males and females. Triglycerides were 73 for females and 77 for males. The allele frequency of APOE*3 and APOE*4 were .900 and .100 respectively. There was a total absence of the APOE*2 allele in this sample. Mean total cholesterol concentrations in this sample were markedly higher than those reported in 1958 from this village and from those r...
Hypertension and diabetes among Siberian Yupik Eskimos of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Public health reports, 1996
CHANGING DIETS AND LIFESTYLES contribute to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disea... more CHANGING DIETS AND LIFESTYLES contribute to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Alaska Natives. To examine the problem in detail, we have begun a systematic screening of various ethnic groups by carrying out a pilot study of Siberian Yupik Eskimos ages 39 and over. Mean LDL and HDL levels were 157 mg/dl and 63 mg/dl. Mean fasting insulin was 7.0 microunits/ml; and mean BMI, 27.1. Fasting insulin level was significantly related to both diastolic blood pressure and fasting triglyceride levels, but not to systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. Of the 66 people screened, 27% had evidence of hypertension.
Diabetes mellitus in three Alaskan Eskimo populations
Diurnal and seasonal variations of melatonin and serotonin in women with seasonal affective disorder
In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter typ... more In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter type, were treated by light at 2500 lux either in the morning (0800h-1000h) or afternoon (1600h-1800h). In winter before light treatment, melatonin levels in serum in daytime (1200h and 1600h) were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). This difference disappeared in the summer or after light treatment in the winter. Also, light treatment and change in season resulted in a phase advance shift of melatonin rhythm in patients. The decline in melatonin levels correlated with the decline in specific SAD symptoms of hyperphagia and carbohydrate craving. In winter, neither patients nor controls showed significant diurnal variations in levels of whole blood serotonin. In both patients and controls, levels of serotonin were higher in summer as compared with winter, especially at 2000h. Our data suggest that elevated daytime melatonin can be a state marker of winter depression, and t...
The Alaska WAMI Program: a preliminary study of factors affecting specialty choice and practice location
Glucose tolerance and insulin-resistance syndrome among St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
OBJECTIVES Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising... more OBJECTIVES Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remains lower than the U.S. average. We conducted a screening study for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in a remote Yup'ik Eskimo community in Alaska. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included Siberian Yup'ik Eskimo residents of Gambell, Alaska, > or = age 40 years who underwent a 2 h 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test interpreted by WHO criteria. Other measurements included fasting serum insulin and lipid levels, bioimpedance body fat %, body-mass-index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure. RESULTS Of 114 eligible subjects, 65 (57%) participated. These subjects had lower mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, lower triglyceride, and higher mean HDL cholesterol levels compared to a similarly aged U.S. all races sample. The mean fasting insulin level of 50.9 pmol/L appeared low given the high mean BMI (27.2). Six subjects had ...
Tectal afferents in Rana pipiens. A reassessment questioning the comparability of HRP-results
Studying afferents to the optic tectum in Rana pipiens by means of retrograde HRP transport, resu... more Studying afferents to the optic tectum in Rana pipiens by means of retrograde HRP transport, results were obtained, that cast doubt on the reliability of this neuronal tract tracing technique. The tectum was found to receive afferents from e.g. lateral mesencephalic tegmentum, torus semicircularis, contralateral large-celled pretectal nucleus, and ipsilateral thalamic nuclei, which have not previously been demonstrated. In addition, the data obtained lack evidence of projections reported earlier. We suggest, that neuronal projections may be subject to hormone and/or activity dependent changes, that alter the probability of accumulating sufficient amounts of the tracer to become labeled.
A Quantitative Study of Human Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglia
The Anatomical record, 1963
... Sections for the axon counts were stained according to the method of Bodian ('36). The m... more ... Sections for the axon counts were stained according to the method of Bodian ('36). The method of Kliiver and Barrera ('53) was used to stain myelin sheaths. COUNTING ... To Drs. Edward McC.Peebles, Homer D. Kirgis, and Prof. Harold ...
Low fasting insulin levels in Eskimos compared to American Indians: are Eskimos less insulin resistant?
International journal of circumpolar health, 1999
The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Nat... more The prevalence of diabetes is relatively low among Eskimo people in contrast to that in other Native American populations. The reasons for this may be partially explained by differences in the occurrence of insulin resistance. In this report we compare fasting insulin levels, which correlate with insulin resistance, in Alaskan Eskimo subjects to those among American Indians. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index, and using identical laboratory methods, we found significantly lower insulin levels among Eskimo compared with Indian participants with normal glucose tolerance. Among Eskimos insulin levels increased with increasing body mass index, were higher for women than men, and did not appreciably change with age. Our data suggest that among Eskimo people insulin resistance may be less prevalent or severe than among American Indians, but that obesity is associated with increased insulin resistance. Future analyses will examine the association between insulin levels an...
Glucose tolerance and insulin-resistance syndrome among St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
International journal of circumpolar health, 1998
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remain... more Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) prevalence in Alaska Natives is rising but remains lower than the U.S. average. We conducted a screening study for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in a remote Yup'ik Eskimo community in Alaska. The study population included Siberian Yup'ik Eskimo residents of Gambell, Alaska, > or = age 40 years who underwent a 2 h 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test interpreted by WHO criteria. Other measurements included fasting serum insulin and lipid levels, bioimpedance body fat %, body-mass-index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure. Of 114 eligible subjects, 65 (57%) participated. These subjects had lower mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, lower triglyceride, and higher mean HDL cholesterol levels compared to a similarly aged U.S. all races sample. The mean fasting insulin level of 50.9 pmol/L appeared low given the high mean BMI (27.2). Six subjects had NIDDM (9%, 95% CI 2%-16%) and eight had impaire...
The beta(3)-adrenergic receptor TRP64ARG polymorphism and obesity in Alaskan Eskimos
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 1997
A polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) has been described and consists of a... more A polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) has been described and consists of an amino acid substitution at position 64 where tryptophan is replaced by arginine (Arg allele). This polymorphism appears to be a modest contributor to obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and may be dependent on gender, gene dosage, ethnic background and environmental factors. We have investigated whether the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-AR was associated with body mass index (BMI), blood pressure or the presence of NIDDM in Alaskan Eskimos. Two hundred and fifty four Alaskan Eskimos from two distinct villages (Inupiaq and Yupik). beta 3-AR genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion. The frequency of the Arg allele in Alaskan Eskimos was 0.38 and represents the highest Arg allele frequency in any population reported to date. 13.8% of the population were homozygous for the Arg allele, 47.6% heterozygous, and 38.6%...
Lipoprotein profiles in Alaskan Siberian Yupik Eskimos
Arctic medical research, 1996
Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan com... more Coronary heart disease and diabetes, once rare in Eskimos, is on the increase in some Alaskan communities. As part of a detailed assessment of the prevalence of these diseases and associated risk factors in several villages, we report here on the plasma concentrations of lipoprotein and apoprotein in a sample of Siberian Yupik Eskimos aged 40-87 years living in the village of Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. Mean cholesterol levels for females were 242 mg/dl and 223 for males. LDL levels were 161 for females and 149 for males, while HDL levels were 67 for females and 58 for males. The mean ApoB and Apo-A1 values were 112 mg/dl and 167 mg/dl for males and females. Triglycerides were 73 for females and 77 for males. The allele frequency of APOE*3 and APOE*4 were .900 and .100 respectively. There was a total absence of the APOE*2 allele in this sample. Mean total cholesterol concentrations in this sample were markedly higher than those reported in 1958 from this village and from those r...
Bilateral retinal projections in the black piranha (Serrasalnus niger)
Cell and tissue research, 1980
The retinal projections were studied in the black piranha (Serrasalmus niger) with degeneration a... more The retinal projections were studied in the black piranha (Serrasalmus niger) with degeneration and autoradiographic methods. The projections are bilateral to the hypothalamic optic nucleus, the dorsomedial optic nucleus, corpus geniculatum ipsum of Meader (1934) and the optic tectum. Unilateral, crossed projections were traced to the pretectal nucleus and the cortical nucleus. The visual system of the black piranha is exceptionally well developed but has retained many primitive features including the extensive bilateral projections.