SHANTANU KUMAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by SHANTANU KUMAR

2018 Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD), 2018

High speed communication is an essential feature of Substation Automation and Control. Existing I... more High speed communication is an essential feature of Substation Automation and Control. Existing International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 guidelines substation automation and communication systems have few shortcomings in the protection architecture which necessitated an upgrade to another guideline. This has been addressed better in IEC 62439–3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR), Earlier there have been number of issues with IEC 61850, due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability related to multi-vendor equipment. The enhanced features of a Double Attached Node component based on IEC 62439–3, provide redundancy in protection by virtue of having two active frames circulating in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring. Should one of them be lost, the destination node will receive alternate frame, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed in a multi-vendor equipment ensuring the circuit is fault resilient. PRP and HSR topologies promise enhanced reliability over IEC 61850 standard due to faster processing capabilities, increased availability in the scheme with least delay time in circulating data packet in wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibit performance of PRP and HSR topologies addressing redundancy within the network ring leveraging on IEC 62439–3.

2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2016

Reliable protection, communication and control are the key features of a digital protection schem... more Reliable protection, communication and control are the key features of a digital protection scheme in a utility substation. Microgrid is an alternative solution of installing long Transmission & Distribution lines could be cost prohibitive. There are number of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which could find applications in controlling and monitoring of power network in a Microgrid set up and one such device is Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). It is a microprocessor based intelligent device which gathers highresolution data, checks the power quality and records disturbances. However, few issues that remains to be addressed such as, interoperability in a multi-vendor equipment and coordination between individual control systems in an integrated scheme. In this paper, an Operational Network Technology (OPNET) software model of a PMU has been designed and tested for its performance in a Microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5 standard.

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2017

Reliable protection and communication are the key features in a digital substation from protectio... more Reliable protection and communication are the key features in a digital substation from protection, control and automation perspective. Implementation of digital protection in high voltage (HV) substations could provide increased reliability, optimized maintenance cost and improved communication capabilities. The application of IEC 61850-9-2 process bus technology in a utility substation has reduced the fault diagnosis downtime due to decreased number of nodes likely to be tested for investigation. Additionally, manufacturers are offering new smart primary plants that have intelligent features built within to makes it a fit case to replace Conventional Instrument Transformers (CITs). These Non-Conventional Instrument Transformers (NCITs) coupled with Merging Units and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) provide better accuracy, transient response and wider bandwidth when implemented in a process bus system guided by IEC 61850-9-2 standard. It is seen that use of NCIT could mitigate issues arising out of CIT failures, provide better safety, reliability, and increased asset life. At present, majority of the CITs operating in the air insulated and gas insulated high voltage (HV) substations are either oil filled or SF6 type which has few environmental issues in the event of a catastrophic failure or leakage. NCITs have better performance as compared to CITs. However, before these high voltage NCITs could find their way in a mass implementation in smart grids and digital substations, there is a need for modelling and simulation at the design stage for its application as per IEC61850-9-2 process bus and its successful implementation. Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) or Riverbed Modeler is a popular simulation software for such design and modeling of Ethernet networks. This paper presents a model of OPNET software for the simulation of a NCIT based on digital substation in a process bus environment.

Biotechnology letters, Jan 18, 2016

To identify the best lipid nanoparticles for delivery of purified Cas9 protein and gRNA complexes... more To identify the best lipid nanoparticles for delivery of purified Cas9 protein and gRNA complexes (Cas9 RNPs) into mammalian cells and to establish the optimal conditions for transfection. Using a systematic approach, we screened 60 transfection reagents using six commonly-used mammalian cell lines and identified a novel transfection reagent (named Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX). Based on statistical analysis, the genome modification efficiencies in Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX-transfected cell lines were 40 or 15 % higher than those in Lipofectamine 3000 or RNAiMAX-transfected cell lines, respectively. Upon optimization of transfection conditions, we observed 85, 75 or 55 % genome editing efficiencies in HEK293FT cells, mouse ES cells, or human iPSCs, respectively. Furthermore, we were able to co-deliver donor DNA with Cas9 RNPs into a disrupted EmGFP stable cell line, resulting in the generation of up to 17 % EmGFP-positive cells. Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX was characterized as the best lipid n...

2015 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2015

Ethernet communication has been the back bone of high speed communication in digital substations ... more Ethernet communication has been the back bone of high speed communication in digital substations from protection relaying, control and automation perspective. Major substation manufacturers have been constantly upgrading softwares and adding new features in their Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED's) to carry out multiple functions in process bus devices. This paper presents simulation results with respect to the delay in packets transfer in an Ethernet environment. Understanding the delay in packet transfer of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Values (SV) shall assist the user in understanding the substation automation, control and protection of substation primary plants such as current transformers (CT's), voltage transformers (VT's), circuit breakers etc. connected in the network during a fault condition Conventional substation uses Merging Units (MU's) to communicate with the IED's featuring IEC 61850-9-2 standard. This standard exhibits transparency and standardization of data communication while addressing issues related to reliability, packet sharing, and maintainability, etc. However, process bus architecture is yet to be widely accepted in the industry and needs further validation due to lack of confidence. This paper evaluates the performance of a digital protection scheme in a zone substation operating at 132kV, featuring IEC 61850-9-2 IED's and using an optimized network engineering tool (OPNET) simulator. Understanding the delay in receiving time critical GOOSE and sampled value SV messages from protection perspective is critical as loss of data could cause malfunction in the protection jeopardizing vital substation plants.

2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks

Page 1. A New Handoff Scheme for Macro-mobility Scenario Shantanu Kumar , SunilKumar Singh* &... more Page 1. A New Handoff Scheme for Macro-mobility Scenario Shantanu Kumar , SunilKumar Singh* &amp;amp; Ratnajit Bhattacharjee Department Of ECE, Indian Institute Of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, INDIA *Samsung Electronics ...

At the time of transformer energization, a high current will be drawn by the transformer. This cu... more At the time of transformer energization, a high current will be drawn by the transformer. This current is called transient inrush current and it may rise to ten times the nominal full load current of transformer during operation. Energization transient can produce mechanical stress in the transformer causes protection system malfunction. This current often affects the power system quality and may disrupt the operation of sensitive electrical loads such as computer and medical equipment connected to the system. Reduction and the way to control energization transient currents have become important concerns to the power industry. Conventionally, controlled switching or point on wave switching was the method being used to counter the problem, but this method requires the knowledge of residual fluxes of transformer before energization, which was quite tedious to get. Hence, this paper proposes a technique to mitigate inrush current in three phase transformers which involves injecting some amount of DC flux in the primary of transformer, the process known as prefluxing. After setting the initial fluxes of the transformer it is energized by conventional controlled switching. To verify the efficientness of the proposed prefluxing method to mitigate inrush current for power transformer, a MATLAB simulation model is designed and developed. The results are verified using the sample in which transformer is connect with a supply source, which have conformed the efficient inrush current control.

2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2013

ABSTRACT The recent growth in the use of power electronic converters which are considered as nonl... more ABSTRACT The recent growth in the use of power electronic converters which are considered as nonlinear loads have problems of drawing non sinusoidal current and reactive power from source which in turn pollutes the power quality. This paper presents the power quality problems and methods for its correction. Two control strategies (p í q instantaneous power theory and d í q synchronous reference frame theory) have been used to extract reference currents for active power filters (APF), to solve power quality problems, have been evaluated and their performances are compared under distorted supply and nonlinear load conditions. These theories are used to implement the control algorithm of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which compensates the harmonic current, harmonic voltage and load unbalance. This paper implements the three phase shunt and series active power filters to compensate current and voltage harmonics. The evaluation of UPQC performance is validated using MATLAB/Simulink showing the comparisons for above two algorithms, and is proved as the efficient way to address power quality issues.

Current opinion in molecular therapeutics, 2008

Oncolytic viruses possess an inherent trophism for tumor cells or have been engineered in a varie... more Oncolytic viruses possess an inherent trophism for tumor cells or have been engineered in a variety of ways to selectively replicate in and destroy cancer cells. Because of the unique mode of tumor destruction, oncolytic virotherapy has the potential to augment the antineoplastic activity of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Many oncolytic viruses, such as adenovirus, HSV, vaccinia, measles, reovirus, Newcastle disease virus and coxsackie virus, have entered into clinical trials and their efficacy and safety have been demonstrated with few, minor, side effects. Data obtained from several clinical trials of the oncolytic adenovirus, ONYX-015, in patients with cancer have been described in detail. Some preclinical studies of oncolytic viruses have demonstrated promising results, mainly when administered in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, the clinical use of oncolytic viruses in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and future directions to enh...

2014 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), 2014

Using IEC 61850 standard would increase the reliability and availability of electricity network a... more Using IEC 61850 standard would increase the reliability and availability of electricity network and put a huge impact on network automation. Even though much research works have been done in substation system reliability, there are few works in automated substation control system reliability. This paper evaluates the reliability of IEC 61850-based substation automation system comparatively considering vender's different intelligent electrical devices. The technique is based on fault tree analysis approach and the tie sets methodology is used to evaluate quantitatively. In this paper, the proposed method is implemented on Mianeh Aydoghmush substation automation system in 5 different scenarios. Comparative studies are used to establish the most reliable architecture compared with the others. Using IEC 61850 standard in substation automation system provides us to use different manufacturers' products with identical protocols. Furthermore, producers of different intelligent electrical devices, in 3 different ranges of mean time between failures, are tested in various scenarios and reliability of system is evaluated quantitatively. The proposed method provides rate of change of system mean time to failure index. Using this index can be a useful tool to choose the best range of intelligent electrical devices.

IEEE 2013 Tencon - Spring, 2013

ABSTRACT This paper provides an estimation of transients and method of elimination of decaying DC... more ABSTRACT This paper provides an estimation of transients and method of elimination of decaying DC component for the purpose of power transformer protection. Further, the presented strategy discriminates different harmonics generated during power transformer energization and distinguishes inrush from short circuit. The algorithm proposed in the relay logic disconnects the equipment reliably and accurately on sensing fault based on switching instance, switching angle of the circuit breaker and amplitude estimation of the current waveform generated during the fault. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, off line simulation of the power system model is carried out using MATLAB and observed the performance of the relay during inrush and short circuit phenomenon. In this paper a method has been proposed to estimate harmonics up to 5th order using MATLAB and a laboratory test results has been exhibited for analysis and interpretation with respect to a set threshold value. The laboratory simulation discriminates internal and external fault from inrush current, thereby preventing mal-operation of the relay during inrush while tripping on a short circuit.

The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2015

Germline and somatic mutations in RAS and its downstream effectors are found in several congenita... more Germline and somatic mutations in RAS and its downstream effectors are found in several congenital conditions affecting the skin. Here we demonstrate that activation of BRAF in the embryonic mouse ectoderm triggers both craniofacial and skin defects, including hyperproliferation, loss of spinous and granular keratinocyte differentiation, and cleft palate. RNA sequencing of the epidermis confirmed these findings but unexpectedly revealed evidence of continued epidermal maturation, expression of >80 % of epidermal differentiation complex genes, and formation of a hydrophobic barrier. Spinous and granular differentiation were restored by pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase or BRAF. However, restoration of epidermal differentiation was non-cell autonomous and required dermal tissue to be present in tissue recombination studies. These studies indicate that early activation of the RAF signaling pathway in the ectoderm has effects on specific steps of epidermal differentiation, ...

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2014

To identify the spectrum of somatic mutations in an Asian Indian patient with uveal melanoma (UM)... more To identify the spectrum of somatic mutations in an Asian Indian patient with uveal melanoma (UM) without metastasis using exome sequencing. A 49-year-old man from India was diagnosed as having cilio-choroidal (uveal) melanoma (UM), without metastasis, in his right eye with the help of magnetic resonance imaging. This was later confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Two individuals from India with non-neoplastic blind eyes were recruited as controls. The affected eyes from the UM patient and the two control individuals were enucleated, and uveal tissues were collected. DNA was extracted from uveal tissue, and the matched blood sample from each of the three individuals was followed by exome sequencing. Statistical and bioinformatic analyses were done to identify somatic mutations and their putative associations with UM. Thirty-one somatic mutations (25 amino acid altering) in protein-coding (exonic) regions were detected in the UM patient. Of the amino acid-altering somatic mutat...

Scientific Reports, 2015

How to cite this article: Biswas, N.K. et al. Variant allele frequency enrichment analysis in vit... more How to cite this article: Biswas, N.K. et al. Variant allele frequency enrichment analysis in vitro reveals sonic hedgehog pathway to impede sustained temozolomide response in GBM.

seea.org.in

A study was conducted among 300 farmers of the three villages namely Amirta, Kalauli Tir and Hela... more A study was conducted among 300 farmers of the three villages namely Amirta, Kalauli Tir and Helapur in Hamirpur district of Uttar Pradesh where a project on farmer participatory improvement of grain legumes in rainfed Asia (IFAD TAG-532, ICRISAT) was implemented during October 2002 to June 2006. Out of 300, there were 75, 42, 125 and 58 farmers who actively participated in the on-farm varietal selection trials (OFVST) for pigeonpea, urdbean, chickpea and lentil, respectively. Four pattern analysis viz., space, time line, flow and decision making were done by using PRA tools to identify agro-ecological situations and major farming situations. It was revealed that three predominant situations namely: mono-cropped, rainfed clay and clay loam soil where lentil, chickpea, linseed were the major crops grown as mixed or intercrop; double-cropped partial irrigated clay loam soil where urdbean, sesamum, chickpea, lentil, linseed, wheat, mustard were main crops and mono-cropped rainfed loam and sandy loam soil with mild slope wherein pigeonpea + sorghum is grown as mixed or intercrop prevailed in the selected villages. The findings of the above study helped to choose JG 315 and DCP 92-3 as the most suitable chickpea varieties appropriate for clay (Mar) and clay loam (Kabar) soils-rainfed mono-cropping situation and clay loam (Kabar) and loam (Parwa) soils-double cropping situations, respectively. Similarly, DPL 62 was found suitable variety of lentil under rainfed mono-cropping situation. Inclusion of short duration YMV free variety of urdbean (IPU 94-1) was found to shift 20 percent moncropped area into double cropped area in the villages. The concept of pulse seed village which was initiated in the project is a success story.

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2004

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the major source for transfer of genes to impart insect resistance... more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the major source for transfer of genes to impart insect resistance in transgenic plants. Cry2A proteins of Bt are promising candidates for management of resistance development in insects due to their difference from the currently used Cry1A proteins, in structure and insecticidal mechanism. Two insecticidal crystal protein genes of Bt, viz. cry2Aa and cry2Ab were cloned from new isolates of Bt, 22-4 and 22-11, respectively. Expression of both the genes was studied in an acrystalliferous strain of Bt (4Q7) by fusing the cry2Aa and cry2Ab genes downstream of cry2Aa promoter and orf1 + orf2 sequences. Western blot analysis revealed a low level expression of the cloned cry2Aa and cry2Ab genes in the recombinant Bt strains. High-level expression of cry2Aa and cry2Ab genes was achieved in the recombinant E. coli by cloning the cry2A genes under the control of the T7 promoter.

Virology, 2009

Viruses-like particles (VLPs) are frequently being used as platforms for polyvalent display of fo... more Viruses-like particles (VLPs) are frequently being used as platforms for polyvalent display of foreign epitopes of interest on their capsid surface to improve their presentation enhancing the antigenicity and host immune response. In the present study, we used the VLPs of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), an icosahedral plant virus, as a platform to display 180 copies of 16 amino acid epitopes of ricin toxin fused to the C-terminal end of a modified TBSV capsid protein (NΔ52). Expression of the chimeric recombinant protein in insect cells resulted in spontaneous assembly of VLPs displaying the ricin epitope. Cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction of the chimeric VLPs at 22 Å resolution revealed the locations and orientation of the ricin epitope exposed on the TBSV capsid surface. Furthermore, injection of chimeric VLPs into mice generated antisera that detected the native ricin toxin. The ease of fusing of short peptides of 15-20 residues and their ability to form two kinds (T = 1, T = 3) of bio-nanoparticles that result in the display of 60 or 180 copies of less constrained and highly exposed antigenic epitopes makes TBSV an attractive and versatile display platform for vaccine design.

Nature Communications, 2013

Gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB), an anatomical and clinical subtype of head... more Gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB), an anatomical and clinical subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is prevalent in regions where tobaccochewing is common. Exome sequencing (n ¼ 50) and recurrence testing (n ¼ 60) reveals that some significantly and frequently altered genes are specific to OSCC-GB (USP9X, MLL4, ARID2, UNC13C and TRPM3), while some others are shared with HNSCC (for example, TP53, FAT1, CASP8, HRAS and NOTCH1). We also find new genes with recurrent amplifications (for example, DROSHA, YAP1) or homozygous deletions (for example, DDX3X) in OSCC-GB. We find a high proportion of C4G transversions among tobacco users with high numbers of mutations. Many pathways that are enriched for genomic alterations are specific to OSCC-GB. Our work reveals molecular subtypes with distinctive mutational profiles such as patients predominantly harbouring mutations in CASP8 with or without mutations in FAT1. Mean duration of disease-free survival is significantly elevated in some molecular subgroups. These findings open new avenues for biological characterization and exploration of therapies.

Journal of Virology, 2006

Noroviruses (NoVs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. NoVs... more Noroviruses (NoVs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. NoVs that belong to genogroup II (GII) are quite prevalent and prone to undergo recombination, and their three-dimensional structure is not yet known. Protein homology modeling of Sinsiro virus (SV), a member of the GII.3 NoVs, revealed the presence of a surface-exposed 20-amino-acid (aa) insertion in the P2 domain of the capsid protein (CP) relative to the Norwalk virus (NV) CP, which is a well known hot spot for mutations to counter the host immunological response. To further characterize the role of the long insertion in SV, the capsid protein gene was expressed using the recombinant baculovirus system. Trypsinization of the resultant virus-like particles yielded two predominant bands (31.7 and 26.1 kDa) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. N-terminal sequencing and analysis of the mass spectroscopic data indicated that these fragments co...

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science, 2011

Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is reported in only 5% of cases. Here, we report a rare c... more Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is reported in only 5% of cases. Here, we report a rare case of neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder, secondary to Chiari malformation Type I with associated syringomyelia, that remained undetected for four years. A 38-year-old female presented to our Department with a swelling over the right shoulder that had persisted for four years. X-ray of the joint showed destruction of the head of the right humerus, with typical blunt amputated appearance of the bone and increased joint space. Magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction and lateral dislocation of the head of the humerus. Large amount of fluid collection was seen in and around the right shoulder joint. Neuropathic osteoarthropathy can be defined as bone and joint changes that occurs secondary to loss of sensation. In our case, neuropathic shoulder joint was secondary to syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation.