Shuaibu A Hudu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shuaibu A Hudu

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2017

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus is a non-enveloped virus measuring 27 to 34nm, which belongs to t... more Introduction: Hepatitis E virus is a non-enveloped virus measuring 27 to 34nm, which belongs to the hepeviridae family. Its transmission is predominantly fecal oral and it is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Hepatitis E virus may cause serious disease, leading to high mortality in chronic liver disease patients, leading to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Objective: This review aimed at summarizing the role played by HEV on the exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B and the pathophysiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Evidence acquisition: Peer-reviewed journal articles search were conducted using the university Putra Malaysia online subscribed databases in the area of Health Sciences and Medicine via Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar search engine. This review aims to summarize the impact of hepatitis E virus in acute-on-chronic liver failure pathogenesis. Development: Acute-onchronic liver failure has been considered an acute deterioration o...

Tropical Biomedicine, Sep 1, 2019

Asian countries account for almost three quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported globa... more Asian countries account for almost three quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported globally and chronic hepatitis B infection is one of the main contributors. Clinical observations show that Malay patients with chronic hepatitis B and HCC tend to have a worse outcome, when compared to other two major races in Malaysia. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles in chronic hepatitis B patients with HCC among Malays compared to the general population to identify potential associations of HLA alleles with this disease. HLA class II typing was performed in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n=12) by -polymerase chain reaction, sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. There were higher allelic frequencies of certain HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 alleles; HLA-DQB1*03 (07) (41.7%), and HLA-DRB1*12 (41.7% vs 28.6%) and compared to controls (41.7% vs 29.7%). However, there was no significant statistical correlation found when compared with the normal healthy general population. This study provides an insight into the HLA Class II association with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma in Malays. However, findings from this study should be validated with a larger number of samples using a high resolution HLA typing.

Tuberculosis is still the most prevalent infectious cause of mortality, and it has a significant ... more Tuberculosis is still the most prevalent infectious cause of mortality, and it has a significant medical, societal, and economic impact MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. Because resistant cases have significant morbidity and mortality, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat to treatment. The most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs are first-line essential anti-tuberculosis drugs, which must be included in any short-term treatment plan. Rifampicin, ethambutol, Isoniazid, streptomycin, and pyrazinamide are among the medications in this group. Ethionamide, amikacin, capreomycin, and para-aminosalicylic acid are Second-line anti-tuberculosis that are clinically ineffective and cause severe responses far more commonly than first-line drugs. Resistance to first-line drugs was connected to mutations in the pncA, emb, rpsL, and rrs genes, while rrs, gyrA, eis, tlyA and gryB are associated with second-line drugs.

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Dec 22, 2014

PubMed, Aug 20, 2017

Schistosomiasis is the major source of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is estimated ... more Schistosomiasis is the major source of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is estimated that 207 million people are infected, of which 97% are in Africa. The aim of this study was the determining of prevalence as well as the phylogeny of S. haematobium among school children in Argungu Emirate, Kebbi State Nigeria. A total of 325 urine samples was collected from school children between 7 to 14 years. S. heamatobium eggs was examined under dissecting microscope and DNA was extracted from urine sample and COX1 gene was amplified by nested PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analysed. This study showed a prevalence of 32.09%, with male pupils having the highest prevalence. S. haematobium infections in children who fetch water in the river have 24 times higher risk of being infected while those who bath in the river have 158 times higher risk of being infected. Our sequences were phylogenetically related to S. haematobium isolate U82266 from Kenya and consistence with the predominant species in Africa. This was the first S. haematobium and S. mansoni co-infection reported in Nigeria. S. haematobium infection is prevalent among school age and significantly associated with water contact.

Clinical Laboratory, 2018

Hepatitis B surface antigen is usually secreted by infected hepatocytes in the form of subviral p... more Hepatitis B surface antigen is usually secreted by infected hepatocytes in the form of subviral particles rather than infectious virions, while the hepatitis B e antigen originates from the core gene and is modified and secreted by hepatocytes into the circulation and functions as a marker of active viral replication. This study aimed to study the relationship between HBV DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigen in Malaysian patients. A total of 82 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited for this study from the Hepatology Department of Selayang Hospital. Quantitative hepatitis surface and e antigen was performed retrospectively on frozen plasma using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hepatitis B viral DNA was extracted from all plasma samples and quantified using real-time PCR. Quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigens were found be high in 54.9% and 52.4% of the patients, respectively, while hepatitis B virus DNA level was high in 70.7%. The median of the viral load of HBV was 8,934.89 IU/mL and both hepatitis B surface and e antigens were also found to be high on average for qHBsAg (M = 5.19 IU/mL, SD ± 4. 33) and qHBeAg (M = 4.74IU/mL, SD ± 4.20), with qHBeAg being more strongly correlated to HBV DNA than qHBsAg (r = 0.893; p < 0.01). This study revealed HBeAg to be the most appropriate marker that correlates well with HBV DNA, thus not completely novel but confirmative, and related to the Malaysian situation.

Infectious diseases research, 2022

Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi design... more Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi designed the questionnaire.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2016

Cell culture involves a complex of processes of cell isolation from their natural environment (in... more Cell culture involves a complex of processes of cell isolation from their natural environment (in vivo) and subsequent growth in a controlled environmental artificial condition (in vitro). Cells from specific tissues or organs are cultured as short term or established cell lines which are widely used for research and diagnosis, most specially in the aspect of viral infection, because pathogenic viral isolation depends on the availability of permissible cell cultures. Cell culture provides the required setting for the detection and identification of numerous pathogens of humans, which is achieved via virus isolation in the cell culture as the "gold standard" for virus discovery. In this review, we summarized the views of researchers on the current role of cell culture technology in the diagnosis of human diseases. The technological advancement of recent years, starting with monoclonal antibody development to molecular techniques, provides an important approach for detecting presence of viral infection. They are also used as a baseline for establishing rapid tests for newly discovered pathogens. A combination of virus isolation in cell culture and molecular methods is still critical in identifying viruses that were previously unrecognized. Therefore, cell culture should be considered as a fundamental procedure in identifying suspected infectious viral agent.

Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Sep 29, 2022

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a signi... more Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant danger to Nigeria's TB control efforts. Nigeria records 570 000 new TB cases each year, and it is one of the world's greatest TB-burden countries as well as one of the top ten countries with MDR-TB. This study aimed to determine the MDR prevalence, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular mapping as well as the link between MDR prevalence and demographic data. Methods: The study comprised 100 TB patients recruited consecutively. The proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium was used for drug susceptibility testing. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, and the rrs genes were amplified and sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment techniques were used to compare the PCR product sequences to reference sequences retrieved from GenBank. Results: Rifampicin (RIF) resistance was found in 29% (22.75), ethambutol resistance was found in 20% (15.75), and isoniazid (INH) resistance was found in 28% (21.75). Further, RIF and INH resistance were found in 20% (15.75) of the samples. At nucleotide position 892, four isolates (31%) contained a G-A transition, and the most prevalent mutation found in the rrs gene was S531L (80%, 12.15). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that three of the Sokoto isolates are closely linked to reference isolates from Iran, Germany, China, and Sudan in terms of geographical relatedness. Conclusions: The obtained data revealed that acquired resistance is a major factor in the establishment of MDR-TB in Sokoto, which could be owing to poor adherence to medication or poor treatment of TB patients.

European journal of medical and health sciences, Jun 12, 2021

Several risk factors for even transmission have been distinguished, for example, history of denta... more Several risk factors for even transmission have been distinguished, for example, history of dental methods or careful interventions, blood transfusions, hemodialysis, and history of scraped spots during haircuts [6]. A certain group additionally has a higher risk of VH for instance men who have intercourse with men, medication, and razor blade users medical care workers, family individuals who live with a VH carrier, and people with numerous sexual partners [7], [8]. Furthermore, VH infection pervasiveness is higher among individuals who having been tattooed, who have piercings, and who share family apparatuses like toothbrushes, extremely sharp edges, and nail cutters [9]. The frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in the African continent is expanding because of rising prevalence of viral hepatitis infections. These discoveries propose that African populaces from region endemic for viral hepatitis are at considerable danger of hepatocellular carcinoma. In Nigeria age over 30 years, multiparty, been independently employed, non-tertiary training, helpless information, absence of immunization, sharing sharps and counselling quacks for obtrusive strategies

Annals of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Respiratory viral diseases constitute significant global health burdens, bringing about a huge nu... more Respiratory viral diseases constitute significant global health burdens, bringing about a huge number of hospitalizations every year. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in under-five children and adults above 65 years of age. RSV associated infection can present with symptoms similar to that of the common cold and in severe cases, can present as pneumonia or bronchitis, while in complicated cases, they may lead to extrapulmonary consequences in the brain and other tissues and organs RSV causes a respiratory tract infection that affects 64 million people per year worldwide. It hospitalizes 3 million children under 5 years old and approximately 336,000 older adults annually. Vaccination could signicantly relieve the burden of RSV disease. There are no authorized vaccines to forestall RSV diseases, and the main prophylaxis at present is the monoclonal antibody palivizumab. However, its use is restricted to high-risk individua...

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unm... more Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment. This article underlines the pharmaceutical advancement, patent literature, and prospects of Trofinetide. The data for this study were gathered from the PubMed database, authentic websites (Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Neuren Pharmaceuticals, and USFDA), and free patent databases. Trofinetide was first disclosed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals in 2000 as a methyl group containing analog of the naturally occurring neuroprotective tripeptide called glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE). The joint efforts of Acadia Pharmaceuticals and Neuren Pharmaceuticals have developed Trofinetide. The mechanism of action of Trofinetide is not yet well e...

Biomedicines

Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV... more Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV) is an example of Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), which share similar genomic structures. A few treatments and vaccines are available for Mpox. OPV-specific VP37 protein (VP37P) is a target for developing drugs against Mpox and other OPV-induced infections such as smallpox. This review spotlights the existing and prospective VP37P inhibitors (VP37PIs) for Mpox. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed, and the patent literature was gathered from free patent databases. Very little work has been carried out on developing VP37PIs. One VP37PI (tecovirimat) has already been approved in Europe to treat Mpox, while another drug, NIOCH-14, is under clinical trial. Developing tecovirimat/NIOCH-14-based combination therapies with clinically used drugs demonstrating activity against Mpox or other OPV infections (mitoxantrone, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, novobiocin, cidofovir, brincidofovir, idoxur...

Biomedicines

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat and unmet medical need. The current ... more Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat and unmet medical need. The current treatments for CDI are not enough to fight the burden of CDI and recurrent CDI (r-CDI). This review aims to highlight the future drugs for CDI and their related patented applications. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed and various authentic websites of pharmaceutical industries. The patent literature was collected from free patent databases. Many possible drugs of the future for CDI, with diverse mechanisms of action, are in development in the form of microbiota-modulating agents (e.g., ADS024, CP101, RBX2660, RBX7455, SYN-004, SER-109, VE303, DAV132, MET-2, and BB128), small molecules (e.g., ridinilazole, ibezapolstat, CRS3123, DNV3837, MGB-BP-3, alanyl-L-glutamine, and TNP-2198), antibodies (e.g., IM-01 and LMN-201), and non-toxic strains of CD (e.g., NTCD-M3). The development of some therapeutic agents (e.g., DS-2969b, OPS-2071, cadazolid, misoprostol, ramoplanin, KB1...

Pharmaceuticals

Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently calle... more Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently called for worldwide action to tackle viral hepatitis and lessen the disease burden in its “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes liver cirrhosis and malignancy, is a main cause of death globally. This review analyses innovative HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates for which a patent was filed between January 2010 and March 2022 and presents future improvement techniques for vaccine efficacy. Although there is a preventative vaccine for HBV infection, over 3% of people worldwide have the disease on a long-term basis and can no longer benefit from it. Most people will have chronic HBV infection for the rest of their lives once it has been diagnosed. Moreover, only a small percentage of treated patients experience a functional cure with persistent hepatitis B surface antigen reduction. A significant proportion of deaths are caused by liver cirrhosis and h...

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 13, 2022

Background and Objectives:-Prevalence of substance abuse remains very high globally and particula... more Background and Objectives:-Prevalence of substance abuse remains very high globally and particularly in third world countries.-where people turn to cheap, equally potent and dangerous principles from animals and are collectively called Psychoactive Faunas-the group of animals whose body parts, secretions or excretions/wastes contain one or more substances; which taken in a sufficiently high dose via any route of administration, possess the potential to alter an individual's cognitive state and behavior. Except for wild life related laws in most countries, there are no specific laws regulating the increasing abuse of these substances in most countries of the globe. Methods:-Preliminary search was performed via Google® to obtain potential keywords that would be representatives of "Abuse of Psychoactive fauna" Animal's name and possible street names on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Secondary searches were also carried out. Results:-The database search yielded 39,187 records. Twenty one (21) Journal Articles, Five (5) Newspaper reports, One (1) Policy document, total Twenty seven (27) studies included in the present review. Discussion and Conclusion:-The findings demonstrated evidences of the abuse of psychoactive fauna different parts of the globe of whole lizard, its tail or dung; snake venom or skin; toad venom; whole scorpion, its tail or venom; cattle dung; human excreta or urine; whole hallucinogenic fish; cow dung; hen dung; spider web and more recently goat or sheep dung. Lizard is the currently the most cited of psychoactive faunas of abuse apart from snakes, toads, and scorpions that have been extensively studied. Scientific Significance:-Majority of previous reviews on substance abuse have not acknowledged psychoactive faunas as potential sources of drug of abuse. Our findings has provided documented evidences of their use.

Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences

Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted ... more Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted illness with a large disease burden, with the largest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from a source of detailed data on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Objective: This study determined the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients presenting with fever at the specialist hospital Sokoto. Methodology: Commercial HSV type-1&-2 specific IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyse serum samples from 92 randomly selected patients. The association between infection and socio-demographic characteristics was determined using the Chi-square test using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was found to be 54.3% (n=50); antibodies to the virus were found in all of the patients. Male patients 21(67.7%) and single patients 23(63.9%) had...

Infectious Diseases Research

Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi design... more Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi designed the questionnaire.

Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science

Human leptospirosis, or commonly known as the “rat urine disease” is a zoonotic disease caused by... more Human leptospirosis, or commonly known as the “rat urine disease” is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium called Leptospira sp. acquired via the urine of animal carriers. It is believed that the incidence rate of leptospirosis has been under-reported due to its unspecific clinical Symptoms and the limitations of current diagnostic methods. Leptospirosis can be effectively treated with antibiotics in the early stage, and it is a curable disease. But the accuracy to diagnose the infection is rarely achieved. The present study investigated the plasma protein profiles of lleptospirosis patients who presented with different clinical presentations, and compared them against two control groups consisting of dengue patients and healthy individuals. The plasma protein digests were analyzed using a shotgun approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as described by the manufacturer. The proteins detected in every leptospirosis patient and with at least two-fold d...

Journal of Molecular Virology and Immunology

Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters ... more Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, and E, each with its ‎own unique genotypes, clinical implications, and geographic ‎distribution. Viral hepatitis is a type of liver inflammation that ‎can resolve on its own or proceed to cirrhosis or hepatocellular ‎cancer. Hepatitis A, B, and C infections are the most common ‎types of infectious viral hepatitis. Over the previous five ‎decades, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has exhibited an ‎intermediate or high endemicity level in low-income nations. ‎HBV genotype variation is thought to be crucial in regulating ‎disease development, infection outcome, antiviral therapy ‎response, and illness prognosis. HBV is divided into ten ‎genotypes (A-J) and roughly 40 sub-genotypes, correlated with ‎different geographic distributions, transmission routes, and ‎disease progression. The goal of this study was to figure out ‎the current status of HBV prevalence and genotype distrib...

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2017

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus is a non-enveloped virus measuring 27 to 34nm, which belongs to t... more Introduction: Hepatitis E virus is a non-enveloped virus measuring 27 to 34nm, which belongs to the hepeviridae family. Its transmission is predominantly fecal oral and it is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Hepatitis E virus may cause serious disease, leading to high mortality in chronic liver disease patients, leading to the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Objective: This review aimed at summarizing the role played by HEV on the exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B and the pathophysiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Evidence acquisition: Peer-reviewed journal articles search were conducted using the university Putra Malaysia online subscribed databases in the area of Health Sciences and Medicine via Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar search engine. This review aims to summarize the impact of hepatitis E virus in acute-on-chronic liver failure pathogenesis. Development: Acute-onchronic liver failure has been considered an acute deterioration o...

Tropical Biomedicine, Sep 1, 2019

Asian countries account for almost three quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported globa... more Asian countries account for almost three quarter of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported globally and chronic hepatitis B infection is one of the main contributors. Clinical observations show that Malay patients with chronic hepatitis B and HCC tend to have a worse outcome, when compared to other two major races in Malaysia. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles in chronic hepatitis B patients with HCC among Malays compared to the general population to identify potential associations of HLA alleles with this disease. HLA class II typing was performed in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (n=12) by -polymerase chain reaction, sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. There were higher allelic frequencies of certain HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 alleles; HLA-DQB1*03 (07) (41.7%), and HLA-DRB1*12 (41.7% vs 28.6%) and compared to controls (41.7% vs 29.7%). However, there was no significant statistical correlation found when compared with the normal healthy general population. This study provides an insight into the HLA Class II association with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma in Malays. However, findings from this study should be validated with a larger number of samples using a high resolution HLA typing.

Tuberculosis is still the most prevalent infectious cause of mortality, and it has a significant ... more Tuberculosis is still the most prevalent infectious cause of mortality, and it has a significant medical, societal, and economic impact MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis (TB) infection produced by bacteria resistant to at least two of the most important first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid, and rifampin. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to second-line treatments. Because resistant cases have significant morbidity and mortality, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat to treatment. The most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs are first-line essential anti-tuberculosis drugs, which must be included in any short-term treatment plan. Rifampicin, ethambutol, Isoniazid, streptomycin, and pyrazinamide are among the medications in this group. Ethionamide, amikacin, capreomycin, and para-aminosalicylic acid are Second-line anti-tuberculosis that are clinically ineffective and cause severe responses far more commonly than first-line drugs. Resistance to first-line drugs was connected to mutations in the pncA, emb, rpsL, and rrs genes, while rrs, gyrA, eis, tlyA and gryB are associated with second-line drugs.

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Dec 22, 2014

PubMed, Aug 20, 2017

Schistosomiasis is the major source of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is estimated ... more Schistosomiasis is the major source of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is estimated that 207 million people are infected, of which 97% are in Africa. The aim of this study was the determining of prevalence as well as the phylogeny of S. haematobium among school children in Argungu Emirate, Kebbi State Nigeria. A total of 325 urine samples was collected from school children between 7 to 14 years. S. heamatobium eggs was examined under dissecting microscope and DNA was extracted from urine sample and COX1 gene was amplified by nested PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analysed. This study showed a prevalence of 32.09%, with male pupils having the highest prevalence. S. haematobium infections in children who fetch water in the river have 24 times higher risk of being infected while those who bath in the river have 158 times higher risk of being infected. Our sequences were phylogenetically related to S. haematobium isolate U82266 from Kenya and consistence with the predominant species in Africa. This was the first S. haematobium and S. mansoni co-infection reported in Nigeria. S. haematobium infection is prevalent among school age and significantly associated with water contact.

Clinical Laboratory, 2018

Hepatitis B surface antigen is usually secreted by infected hepatocytes in the form of subviral p... more Hepatitis B surface antigen is usually secreted by infected hepatocytes in the form of subviral particles rather than infectious virions, while the hepatitis B e antigen originates from the core gene and is modified and secreted by hepatocytes into the circulation and functions as a marker of active viral replication. This study aimed to study the relationship between HBV DNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigen in Malaysian patients. A total of 82 chronic hepatitis B patients were recruited for this study from the Hepatology Department of Selayang Hospital. Quantitative hepatitis surface and e antigen was performed retrospectively on frozen plasma using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hepatitis B viral DNA was extracted from all plasma samples and quantified using real-time PCR. Quantitative hepatitis B surface and e antigens were found be high in 54.9% and 52.4% of the patients, respectively, while hepatitis B virus DNA level was high in 70.7%. The median of the viral load of HBV was 8,934.89 IU/mL and both hepatitis B surface and e antigens were also found to be high on average for qHBsAg (M = 5.19 IU/mL, SD ± 4. 33) and qHBeAg (M = 4.74IU/mL, SD ± 4.20), with qHBeAg being more strongly correlated to HBV DNA than qHBsAg (r = 0.893; p < 0.01). This study revealed HBeAg to be the most appropriate marker that correlates well with HBV DNA, thus not completely novel but confirmative, and related to the Malaysian situation.

Infectious diseases research, 2022

Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi design... more Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi designed the questionnaire.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2016

Cell culture involves a complex of processes of cell isolation from their natural environment (in... more Cell culture involves a complex of processes of cell isolation from their natural environment (in vivo) and subsequent growth in a controlled environmental artificial condition (in vitro). Cells from specific tissues or organs are cultured as short term or established cell lines which are widely used for research and diagnosis, most specially in the aspect of viral infection, because pathogenic viral isolation depends on the availability of permissible cell cultures. Cell culture provides the required setting for the detection and identification of numerous pathogens of humans, which is achieved via virus isolation in the cell culture as the "gold standard" for virus discovery. In this review, we summarized the views of researchers on the current role of cell culture technology in the diagnosis of human diseases. The technological advancement of recent years, starting with monoclonal antibody development to molecular techniques, provides an important approach for detecting presence of viral infection. They are also used as a baseline for establishing rapid tests for newly discovered pathogens. A combination of virus isolation in cell culture and molecular methods is still critical in identifying viruses that were previously unrecognized. Therefore, cell culture should be considered as a fundamental procedure in identifying suspected infectious viral agent.

Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Sep 29, 2022

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a signi... more Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant danger to Nigeria's TB control efforts. Nigeria records 570 000 new TB cases each year, and it is one of the world's greatest TB-burden countries as well as one of the top ten countries with MDR-TB. This study aimed to determine the MDR prevalence, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular mapping as well as the link between MDR prevalence and demographic data. Methods: The study comprised 100 TB patients recruited consecutively. The proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium was used for drug susceptibility testing. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used, and the rrs genes were amplified and sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment techniques were used to compare the PCR product sequences to reference sequences retrieved from GenBank. Results: Rifampicin (RIF) resistance was found in 29% (22.75), ethambutol resistance was found in 20% (15.75), and isoniazid (INH) resistance was found in 28% (21.75). Further, RIF and INH resistance were found in 20% (15.75) of the samples. At nucleotide position 892, four isolates (31%) contained a G-A transition, and the most prevalent mutation found in the rrs gene was S531L (80%, 12.15). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that three of the Sokoto isolates are closely linked to reference isolates from Iran, Germany, China, and Sudan in terms of geographical relatedness. Conclusions: The obtained data revealed that acquired resistance is a major factor in the establishment of MDR-TB in Sokoto, which could be owing to poor adherence to medication or poor treatment of TB patients.

European journal of medical and health sciences, Jun 12, 2021

Several risk factors for even transmission have been distinguished, for example, history of denta... more Several risk factors for even transmission have been distinguished, for example, history of dental methods or careful interventions, blood transfusions, hemodialysis, and history of scraped spots during haircuts [6]. A certain group additionally has a higher risk of VH for instance men who have intercourse with men, medication, and razor blade users medical care workers, family individuals who live with a VH carrier, and people with numerous sexual partners [7], [8]. Furthermore, VH infection pervasiveness is higher among individuals who having been tattooed, who have piercings, and who share family apparatuses like toothbrushes, extremely sharp edges, and nail cutters [9]. The frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in the African continent is expanding because of rising prevalence of viral hepatitis infections. These discoveries propose that African populaces from region endemic for viral hepatitis are at considerable danger of hepatocellular carcinoma. In Nigeria age over 30 years, multiparty, been independently employed, non-tertiary training, helpless information, absence of immunization, sharing sharps and counselling quacks for obtrusive strategies

Annals of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

Respiratory viral diseases constitute significant global health burdens, bringing about a huge nu... more Respiratory viral diseases constitute significant global health burdens, bringing about a huge number of hospitalizations every year. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in under-five children and adults above 65 years of age. RSV associated infection can present with symptoms similar to that of the common cold and in severe cases, can present as pneumonia or bronchitis, while in complicated cases, they may lead to extrapulmonary consequences in the brain and other tissues and organs RSV causes a respiratory tract infection that affects 64 million people per year worldwide. It hospitalizes 3 million children under 5 years old and approximately 336,000 older adults annually. Vaccination could signicantly relieve the burden of RSV disease. There are no authorized vaccines to forestall RSV diseases, and the main prophylaxis at present is the monoclonal antibody palivizumab. However, its use is restricted to high-risk individua...

Journal of Clinical Medicine

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unm... more Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment. This article underlines the pharmaceutical advancement, patent literature, and prospects of Trofinetide. The data for this study were gathered from the PubMed database, authentic websites (Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Neuren Pharmaceuticals, and USFDA), and free patent databases. Trofinetide was first disclosed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals in 2000 as a methyl group containing analog of the naturally occurring neuroprotective tripeptide called glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE). The joint efforts of Acadia Pharmaceuticals and Neuren Pharmaceuticals have developed Trofinetide. The mechanism of action of Trofinetide is not yet well e...

Biomedicines

Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV... more Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV) is an example of Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), which share similar genomic structures. A few treatments and vaccines are available for Mpox. OPV-specific VP37 protein (VP37P) is a target for developing drugs against Mpox and other OPV-induced infections such as smallpox. This review spotlights the existing and prospective VP37P inhibitors (VP37PIs) for Mpox. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed, and the patent literature was gathered from free patent databases. Very little work has been carried out on developing VP37PIs. One VP37PI (tecovirimat) has already been approved in Europe to treat Mpox, while another drug, NIOCH-14, is under clinical trial. Developing tecovirimat/NIOCH-14-based combination therapies with clinically used drugs demonstrating activity against Mpox or other OPV infections (mitoxantrone, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, novobiocin, cidofovir, brincidofovir, idoxur...

Biomedicines

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat and unmet medical need. The current ... more Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent threat and unmet medical need. The current treatments for CDI are not enough to fight the burden of CDI and recurrent CDI (r-CDI). This review aims to highlight the future drugs for CDI and their related patented applications. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed and various authentic websites of pharmaceutical industries. The patent literature was collected from free patent databases. Many possible drugs of the future for CDI, with diverse mechanisms of action, are in development in the form of microbiota-modulating agents (e.g., ADS024, CP101, RBX2660, RBX7455, SYN-004, SER-109, VE303, DAV132, MET-2, and BB128), small molecules (e.g., ridinilazole, ibezapolstat, CRS3123, DNV3837, MGB-BP-3, alanyl-L-glutamine, and TNP-2198), antibodies (e.g., IM-01 and LMN-201), and non-toxic strains of CD (e.g., NTCD-M3). The development of some therapeutic agents (e.g., DS-2969b, OPS-2071, cadazolid, misoprostol, ramoplanin, KB1...

Pharmaceuticals

Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently calle... more Viral hepatitis has long been underrated as a danger to global health. The UN only recently called for worldwide action to tackle viral hepatitis and lessen the disease burden in its “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which causes liver cirrhosis and malignancy, is a main cause of death globally. This review analyses innovative HBV therapeutic vaccine candidates for which a patent was filed between January 2010 and March 2022 and presents future improvement techniques for vaccine efficacy. Although there is a preventative vaccine for HBV infection, over 3% of people worldwide have the disease on a long-term basis and can no longer benefit from it. Most people will have chronic HBV infection for the rest of their lives once it has been diagnosed. Moreover, only a small percentage of treated patients experience a functional cure with persistent hepatitis B surface antigen reduction. A significant proportion of deaths are caused by liver cirrhosis and h...

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 13, 2022

Background and Objectives:-Prevalence of substance abuse remains very high globally and particula... more Background and Objectives:-Prevalence of substance abuse remains very high globally and particularly in third world countries.-where people turn to cheap, equally potent and dangerous principles from animals and are collectively called Psychoactive Faunas-the group of animals whose body parts, secretions or excretions/wastes contain one or more substances; which taken in a sufficiently high dose via any route of administration, possess the potential to alter an individual's cognitive state and behavior. Except for wild life related laws in most countries, there are no specific laws regulating the increasing abuse of these substances in most countries of the globe. Methods:-Preliminary search was performed via Google® to obtain potential keywords that would be representatives of "Abuse of Psychoactive fauna" Animal's name and possible street names on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Secondary searches were also carried out. Results:-The database search yielded 39,187 records. Twenty one (21) Journal Articles, Five (5) Newspaper reports, One (1) Policy document, total Twenty seven (27) studies included in the present review. Discussion and Conclusion:-The findings demonstrated evidences of the abuse of psychoactive fauna different parts of the globe of whole lizard, its tail or dung; snake venom or skin; toad venom; whole scorpion, its tail or venom; cattle dung; human excreta or urine; whole hallucinogenic fish; cow dung; hen dung; spider web and more recently goat or sheep dung. Lizard is the currently the most cited of psychoactive faunas of abuse apart from snakes, toads, and scorpions that have been extensively studied. Scientific Significance:-Majority of previous reviews on substance abuse have not acknowledged psychoactive faunas as potential sources of drug of abuse. Our findings has provided documented evidences of their use.

Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences

Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted ... more Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted illness with a large disease burden, with the largest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from a source of detailed data on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Objective: This study determined the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients presenting with fever at the specialist hospital Sokoto. Methodology: Commercial HSV type-1&-2 specific IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyse serum samples from 92 randomly selected patients. The association between infection and socio-demographic characteristics was determined using the Chi-square test using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was found to be 54.3% (n=50); antibodies to the virus were found in all of the patients. Male patients 21(67.7%) and single patients 23(63.9%) had...

Infectious Diseases Research

Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi design... more Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu conceived the idea and designed the study. Sa'adatu Haruna Shinkafi designed the questionnaire.

Sokoto Journal of Medical Laboratory Science

Human leptospirosis, or commonly known as the “rat urine disease” is a zoonotic disease caused by... more Human leptospirosis, or commonly known as the “rat urine disease” is a zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium called Leptospira sp. acquired via the urine of animal carriers. It is believed that the incidence rate of leptospirosis has been under-reported due to its unspecific clinical Symptoms and the limitations of current diagnostic methods. Leptospirosis can be effectively treated with antibiotics in the early stage, and it is a curable disease. But the accuracy to diagnose the infection is rarely achieved. The present study investigated the plasma protein profiles of lleptospirosis patients who presented with different clinical presentations, and compared them against two control groups consisting of dengue patients and healthy individuals. The plasma protein digests were analyzed using a shotgun approach by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as described by the manufacturer. The proteins detected in every leptospirosis patient and with at least two-fold d...

Journal of Molecular Virology and Immunology

Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters ... more Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, and E, each with its ‎own unique genotypes, clinical implications, and geographic ‎distribution. Viral hepatitis is a type of liver inflammation that ‎can resolve on its own or proceed to cirrhosis or hepatocellular ‎cancer. Hepatitis A, B, and C infections are the most common ‎types of infectious viral hepatitis. Over the previous five ‎decades, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has exhibited an ‎intermediate or high endemicity level in low-income nations. ‎HBV genotype variation is thought to be crucial in regulating ‎disease development, infection outcome, antiviral therapy ‎response, and illness prognosis. HBV is divided into ten ‎genotypes (A-J) and roughly 40 sub-genotypes, correlated with ‎different geographic distributions, transmission routes, and ‎disease progression. The goal of this study was to figure out ‎the current status of HBV prevalence and genotype distrib...