S. Ike - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by S. Ike
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2007
To evaluate the knowledge and perception of undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria w... more To evaluate the knowledge and perception of undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria with regards to HIV/AIDS and determine their sexual behaviour. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to the students to collect relevant information on their sociodemographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS awareness, sexual behaviour, willingness to screen and disposition to people living with HIV/AIDS RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy nine students between 16 to 40 years of age responded, out of 600. Majority (55%) heard about HIV/AIDS through the media. Seventy two percent believed viruses cause HIV/AIDS but 27% thought it was God's anger or witches. Forty four percent were (genitally) sexually active or engaging in pre/extramarital sexual intercourse and only two-thirds of these used condoms for these purposes. Ninety one percent of those not using condoms simply did not like it or admitted it was unavailable. More than 70% ...
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2008
To study the pattern of medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH),... more To study the pattern of medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, with a view to determining the disease trend and providing a comparative analysis with the previous study conducted in the same centre in the preceding five-year period. A review of admissions into the medical wards of the UNTH, Enugu, over the five year period between December, 1998 and November, 2003, was done using the register of admissions and discharges; as well as a review of the case file where necessary. The patients admitted during the period numbered 7399, with age range of 15 to 102 years. There were 4324 (58.4%) males and 3075 (41.6%) females, with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Disorders of the cardiovascular system accounted for 1389 (18.8%) of the admissions, and those of the central nervous system 1178 (15.9%) while HIV-related disorders accounted for 501 (6.7%) respectively. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 4493 (60.3%) of the cases while communicable d...
West African journal of medicine, 2008
Poor work attitudes and disposition affect productivity and health care services adversely. To ev... more Poor work attitudes and disposition affect productivity and health care services adversely. To evaluate the work attitudes and perceptions of health workers in South Eastern Nigeria in one of the biggest Federal Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria. Stratified random sampling of 384 middle and senior manpower staff and use of a self-administered questionnaire. Most respondents agreed that patient care should be a joint effort, as well as to working together with other members of the health care team. Of the respondents, 242 (63%) were dissatisfied with the service delivery. The results of this study reinforce the importance of research based actions and concepts that would improve health care service delivery. The study has potentially enlightened researchers about attitudinal and perceptual dispositions of black health professionals. There is need for future broadbased, cross cultural and longitudinal work among health workers.
Journal of tropical medicine, 2011
This paper aimed to evaluate the patterns of clinical presentation of adults with atrial septal d... more This paper aimed to evaluate the patterns of clinical presentation of adults with atrial septal defects (ASDs) who were diagnosed from transthoracic echocardiographic examination at the echocardiographic laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria, from February 2002 to June 2010. 2251 new echocardiogram scans, with additional 373 repeat scans, were done within the period. 32 adults had ASDs (1.3%), made up of 9 males and 23 females. Secundum ASD constituted 75% while dyspnoea on exertion was the commonest symptom. Congestive cardiac failure was the clinical syndrome most commonly encountered, and most patients presented in the third decade. This paper demonstrated that ASDs are common congenital heart diseases in adult Nigerians, and that they are important causes of congestive heart failure. All adults with congestive heart failure must be referred for echocardiography for early identification of causes like ASDs, which are often forgotte...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
Raised blood pressure is a significant surgical risk factor. Post operative complications are wor... more Raised blood pressure is a significant surgical risk factor. Post operative complications are worse in both orthopaedic and plastic patients when there is associated hypertension. There has not been any known study on blood pressure variables in patients presenting at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. This informed the need for the authors to evaluate the blood pressure correlates in patients presenting at this hospital. Patients attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, between June 2003 and September 2004, were recruited into the study. Their biodata, demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded under standard conditions. Their blood pressure awareness indices, lifestyle habits and co-morbid conditions were evaluated. Structured questionnaires were used with self administered screening done. Two hundred and eighteen patients with mean age 41.4 (+/- 17.2) years, were screened, Fifty three percent of them were hypertensive, with 87% of these present...
Acta cardiologica, 2012
Involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in various diseases is often associate... more Involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in various diseases is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical features associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in adult Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 62 steady state sickle cell anaemia patients recruited from the adult out-patient clinic. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was determined based on abnormal values in at least two of five non-invasive tests: Valsalva manoeuvre, heart rate variation during deep breathing, heart rate response to standing, blood pressure response to sustained handgrip, and blood pressure response to standing. All the subjects were initially evaluated in the clinic for symptoms of cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease, and then clinically examined to assess their cardiovascular and neurological status at rest. Out of the 44 patients with ca...
West African Journal of Medicine, 2011
BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) accounting for 40%-66... more BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) accounting for 40%-66% of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in adult Nigerians with CKD at presentation and to compare findings with those of hypertensive patients with normal renal function. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with CKD were studied, comprising 43 hypertensives and 43 age-and sexmatched healthy subjects as controls. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were measured. RESULTS: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was present in 62.8% of CKD patients, 79.1% of hypertensive patients and 25.6% of normal controls (p < 0.001. There was a positive correlation between left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), severity of SBP, severity of DBP in CKD patients but not in hypertensive patients. There was a negative correlation between LVDF and age in CKD patients and hypertensive patients. Linear multiple regression analysis showed age as the only predictor of LVDD. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients at first presentation to a nephrologist in Nigeria. WAJM 2010; 29(4): 225-229.
Nigerian journal of clinical practice
Most developing regions of the world are undergoing gradual epidemiological transition resulting ... more Most developing regions of the world are undergoing gradual epidemiological transition resulting in high burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This affects the pattern of death in this region. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of death in the medical wards of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, South-East Nigeria from 1995 to 2010. Data were collected retrospectively from January 1995 to December 2010. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 17.0 was used. Simple descriptive statistics were done. Student's t-test was used to compare means of continuous variables, while Chi-square test was used to test significance of differences between two proportions. The mortality rate was 22.8% (6250/27,514) admissions. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Infections (20.2%) were the most common cause of death. However, chronic kidney disease was the single most common disease entity ca...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and to determin... more This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and to determine the age and gender distribution of this defect and its common associated congenital cardiac anomalies among patients referred for echocardiographic examination at the echocardiography laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Echocardiogram reports from the 10-year period February 1991-September 2001 were analysed. There were 2486 echocardiogram scans with an additional 334 repeat scans; 593 subjects had congenital anomalies, of which 165 (28%; 98 males and 67 females) had VSDs. The highest prevalence of VSDs (118; 70%) was in children age 0-9 years although VSDs were found in adults aged up to 50 years and above. Persistent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect were the commonest associated congenital anomalies. The study has shown that VSD is a relatively common congenital heart disease and that many patients present with VSD in adult life. There is a need for thorough scrutiny to be made for other cardiac anomalies in all patients with VSD, as well as for corrective surgery to be made affordable to those affected by this defect and other associated anomalies.
Journal of Hypertension, 2004
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2010
ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching near epidemic proportions inAfrica.A... more ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching near epidemic proportions inAfrica.Achieving significant reduction in the CVD burden requires aggressive population-based lifestyle-related risk factorsmodification. No studies have been done in this developing country on the cardiovascular risk factor profile among priests. The authors thus set out to evaluate the CV risk factor profile among priests in the rural diocesan setting ofOji River in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: All the available serving priests of the diocese were recruited for the study. Their biodata, demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded under standard conditions and their lifestyle habits were evaluated. Laboratory investigations of blood glucose, serum electrolyte, urea, creatinine and cholesterol were carried out. Results: Fifty priests were studied, with mean age 45.5 (± 9.1) years. Fourteen percent of them were hypertensive and 16% were obese. Eighty percent either checked their blood pressures irregularly or never at all,while only 40%were regularly on their antihypertensive medications. Only 40% regularly engaged in any formof exercisewhile 18%admitted taking extra table salt at meals. Eighteen percent were inclined to rejecting/denying the fact of their hypertensive status “by faith”. The mean values of all the biochemical parameters were within the normal range. Conclusion: This study has shown low level of modifiable and unmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors, with a poor level of observance of lifestyle habits among the study population. It also shows a higher prevalence of hypertension in this rural setting among priests than for the rest of the country of study.
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology, 2013
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for a large proportion ... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for a large proportion of death and disability worldwide. However, a substantial portion of the increasing global impact of CVD is attributable to economic, social, and cultural changes that have led to increases in risk factors for CVD. These changes are most pronounced in the countries comprising the developing world. Because the majority of the world’s population lives in the developing world, the increasing rate of CVD in these countries is the driving force behind the continuing dramatic worldwide increase in CVD. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the frequency and pattern of cardiovascular disorders in the medical wards as well as the emergency and intensive care units of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive adult patients with diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders admitted into the medical wards and/or the emergency/intensive care units of UNTH Enugu between January 2000 and January 2007 was carried out using the ward admission and discharge registers. Results: A total of 6,162 patients (males 3,385 (54.93%); female 2,777 (45.07%)) were admitted over the period covered by the study. Out of these; 1,261 (20.46%) patients were found to have cardiovascular disorder. Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders was found to be higher among the female patients than among the males: 693 (24.95%) and 568 (16.78%) years, respectively. The ages ranged between 18 and 92 years with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 55.13 ± 15.37. The pattern of CVD observed in this study were hypertension and its complications (86.36%), rheumatic heart disease (4.52%), dilated cardiomyopathy (3.09%), and alcoholic heart muscle disease (0.95%). Conclusion: CVDs were major causes of morbidity in the environment of study. Early detection, improved outpatient care, as well as inclusion of appropriate secondary prevention programs in patient’s management especially at the community level is recommended in order to reduce complications and the need for hospital admissions. KEY WORDS: Admissions, cardiovascular disease, Nigeria, pattern Original Article
Orient Journal of Medicine, 2006
Results: Sixteen subjects (80% of total) made up of 9 males and 7 females had a satisfactory resp... more Results: Sixteen subjects (80% of total) made up of 9 males and 7 females had a satisfactory response defined as either a mean sitting trough-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of below 90mmHg or a mean DBP that has decreased by 10mmHg or more from the baseline DBP after ...
[Zasshi] [Journal]. Nihon Kyōbu Geka Gakkai, 1996
Journal of cardiology, 1998
The appearance of a new coronary artery lesion is important in patients with acute myocardial inf... more The appearance of a new coronary artery lesion is important in patients with acute myocardial infarction or late coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, which sometimes lead to cardiac death. We studied coronary angiograms of 1,098 patients with coronary artery disease (from 1985 to 1996) and found new lesions in 94 patients (male 74, female 20; mean age 61.6 years). Mean observation period of all 1,098 patients was 50.1 +/- 30.4 months, and that of patients with new lesions was 73.2 +/- 31.2 months. Clinical findings of the 94 patients were acute myocardial infarction (n = 28), recurrent angina (n = 56), and silent ischemia (n = 10). The appearance of a new coronary lesion was found in 2.4% (1992), 1.9% (1993), 2.3% (1994), 1.7% (1995) of all patients with ischemic heart disease per year. The new lesions were found more often in patients with non-significant stenotic lesions (n = 74) than in patients with lesions of > or = 50% stenosis (n = 20). Complex lesions were found in 56...
Ethnicity & disease, 2003
Patients with essential hypertension are predisposed to impaired left ventricular relaxation, and... more Patients with essential hypertension are predisposed to impaired left ventricular relaxation, and consequently, diastolic dysfunction. Because diastolic dysfunction is an early marker of the pathological effects of hypertension on the heart, evaluating the relationship between the development of diastolic dysfunction and the level of blood pressure becomes pertinent. The aim of our study was to evaluate this relationship. Between November 1998 and January 2000, 692 consecutive hypertensive patients, all Blacks, attending the medical outpatient and cardiac clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria were screened for the study. One hundred five of them, divided into 3 groups of 35 each according to levels of blood pressure, met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five age and sex-matched normotensives were used in the control group. Clinical parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and echocardiographic indices, were measured. A definite pos...
The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 2008
Rheumatic heart disease is one of the commonest causes of heart disease in Nigeria. Previous stud... more Rheumatic heart disease is one of the commonest causes of heart disease in Nigeria. Previous studies on rheumatic heart disease in Nigeria were either clinical or retrospective echocardiographic studies. This study was aimed at determining the burden of chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease, pattern of valvular involvement, severity and associated valvular lesions, using echocardiography. Between May, 2004 and April 2005, patients with symptomatic rheumatic heart disease, seen in the cardiac clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, were recruited for the study. The patients were investigated non-invasively with M-mode, Two-dimensional, Pulsed wave, Continuous wave and colour flow Doppler echocardiographic techniques in order to assess the mitral and other intracardiac valves for evidence of rheumatic heart disease. There were a total of 55 patients, 39 (70.9%) females and 16 (29.1%) males with a mean age of 29.34 +/- 11.57 years. Mitral valve disease was found in ...
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2009
To determine blood levels of lead and its effects on haematological parameters among occupational... more To determine blood levels of lead and its effects on haematological parameters among occupational lead handlers in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. In developing countries, rapid industrialisation has lead to an alarming demand for lead. Furthermore, the burden of lead toxicity is greatly underestimated. Hence, the need to assess the unavoidable toxic effects of lead as done in this study. Blood lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in eighty one (81) male subjects from three manufacturing companies, all located in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Thirty (30) staff of the industries not directly involved in lead handling served as control group I, while twenty (20) apparently healthy individuals from within the same locality not involved in lead handling served as control group II. Haematological values, blood lead levels and blood pressure (BP) were established using standard procedures. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was used to analyze the results. P...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010
Hypertension remains the most rapidly rising cardiovascular disease in Africa. This study was des... more Hypertension remains the most rapidly rising cardiovascular disease in Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the perception, knowledge and practices of Nigerian hypertensive patients regarding hypertension and lifestyle modification measures. Consecutive hypertensive patients attending the cardiac clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, were recruited. A pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions were categorised to elicit patients' demographic characteristics, knowledge, perception and practice of various lifestyle-modification measures. chi(2) tests were performed. More than half (54.2%) of the 260 respondents had no formal, or just primary, education. About 25% were no longer taking their antihypertensive medication. Fifty per cent of the patients thought that hypertension was caused by stress. Most knew about the lifestyle measures through health personnel. More than 50% adopted the l...
African health sciences, 2010
Cardiovascular system abnormalities are common causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell a... more Cardiovascular system abnormalities are common causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell anaemia. The study aims at determining the pattern of electrocardiographic changes in adult Nigerian sickle cell anaemia patients. A descriptive cross sectional study was done on sixty sickle cell anaemia patients seen at the adult sickle cell clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, and sixty age and sex matched normal controls. All the subjects had clinical evaluation as well as electrocardiographic examination. The mean heart rate, P-wave duration, P-wave dispersion, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS dispersion, QTc interval and QTc dispersion were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group. Electrocardiographic abnormalities identified by this study were: left ventricular hypertrophy (75%; 1.7%), left atrial enlargement (40%; 0%), biventricular hypertrophy (11%; 0), ST-segment elevation (10%; 0%) and increased P-wave and QTc dispersions. ST segm...
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2007
To evaluate the knowledge and perception of undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria w... more To evaluate the knowledge and perception of undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria with regards to HIV/AIDS and determine their sexual behaviour. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to the students to collect relevant information on their sociodemographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS awareness, sexual behaviour, willingness to screen and disposition to people living with HIV/AIDS RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy nine students between 16 to 40 years of age responded, out of 600. Majority (55%) heard about HIV/AIDS through the media. Seventy two percent believed viruses cause HIV/AIDS but 27% thought it was God's anger or witches. Forty four percent were (genitally) sexually active or engaging in pre/extramarital sexual intercourse and only two-thirds of these used condoms for these purposes. Ninety one percent of those not using condoms simply did not like it or admitted it was unavailable. More than 70% ...
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2008
To study the pattern of medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH),... more To study the pattern of medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, with a view to determining the disease trend and providing a comparative analysis with the previous study conducted in the same centre in the preceding five-year period. A review of admissions into the medical wards of the UNTH, Enugu, over the five year period between December, 1998 and November, 2003, was done using the register of admissions and discharges; as well as a review of the case file where necessary. The patients admitted during the period numbered 7399, with age range of 15 to 102 years. There were 4324 (58.4%) males and 3075 (41.6%) females, with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Disorders of the cardiovascular system accounted for 1389 (18.8%) of the admissions, and those of the central nervous system 1178 (15.9%) while HIV-related disorders accounted for 501 (6.7%) respectively. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 4493 (60.3%) of the cases while communicable d...
West African journal of medicine, 2008
Poor work attitudes and disposition affect productivity and health care services adversely. To ev... more Poor work attitudes and disposition affect productivity and health care services adversely. To evaluate the work attitudes and perceptions of health workers in South Eastern Nigeria in one of the biggest Federal Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria. Stratified random sampling of 384 middle and senior manpower staff and use of a self-administered questionnaire. Most respondents agreed that patient care should be a joint effort, as well as to working together with other members of the health care team. Of the respondents, 242 (63%) were dissatisfied with the service delivery. The results of this study reinforce the importance of research based actions and concepts that would improve health care service delivery. The study has potentially enlightened researchers about attitudinal and perceptual dispositions of black health professionals. There is need for future broadbased, cross cultural and longitudinal work among health workers.
Journal of tropical medicine, 2011
This paper aimed to evaluate the patterns of clinical presentation of adults with atrial septal d... more This paper aimed to evaluate the patterns of clinical presentation of adults with atrial septal defects (ASDs) who were diagnosed from transthoracic echocardiographic examination at the echocardiographic laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria, from February 2002 to June 2010. 2251 new echocardiogram scans, with additional 373 repeat scans, were done within the period. 32 adults had ASDs (1.3%), made up of 9 males and 23 females. Secundum ASD constituted 75% while dyspnoea on exertion was the commonest symptom. Congestive cardiac failure was the clinical syndrome most commonly encountered, and most patients presented in the third decade. This paper demonstrated that ASDs are common congenital heart diseases in adult Nigerians, and that they are important causes of congestive heart failure. All adults with congestive heart failure must be referred for echocardiography for early identification of causes like ASDs, which are often forgotte...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
Raised blood pressure is a significant surgical risk factor. Post operative complications are wor... more Raised blood pressure is a significant surgical risk factor. Post operative complications are worse in both orthopaedic and plastic patients when there is associated hypertension. There has not been any known study on blood pressure variables in patients presenting at the National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. This informed the need for the authors to evaluate the blood pressure correlates in patients presenting at this hospital. Patients attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, between June 2003 and September 2004, were recruited into the study. Their biodata, demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded under standard conditions. Their blood pressure awareness indices, lifestyle habits and co-morbid conditions were evaluated. Structured questionnaires were used with self administered screening done. Two hundred and eighteen patients with mean age 41.4 (+/- 17.2) years, were screened, Fifty three percent of them were hypertensive, with 87% of these present...
Acta cardiologica, 2012
Involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in various diseases is often associate... more Involvement of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in various diseases is often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical features associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in adult Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 62 steady state sickle cell anaemia patients recruited from the adult out-patient clinic. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was determined based on abnormal values in at least two of five non-invasive tests: Valsalva manoeuvre, heart rate variation during deep breathing, heart rate response to standing, blood pressure response to sustained handgrip, and blood pressure response to standing. All the subjects were initially evaluated in the clinic for symptoms of cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease, and then clinically examined to assess their cardiovascular and neurological status at rest. Out of the 44 patients with ca...
West African Journal of Medicine, 2011
BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) accounting for 40%-66... more BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) accounting for 40%-66% of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in adult Nigerians with CKD at presentation and to compare findings with those of hypertensive patients with normal renal function. METHODS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with CKD were studied, comprising 43 hypertensives and 43 age-and sexmatched healthy subjects as controls. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were measured. RESULTS: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was present in 62.8% of CKD patients, 79.1% of hypertensive patients and 25.6% of normal controls (p < 0.001. There was a positive correlation between left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), severity of SBP, severity of DBP in CKD patients but not in hypertensive patients. There was a negative correlation between LVDF and age in CKD patients and hypertensive patients. Linear multiple regression analysis showed age as the only predictor of LVDD. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in CKD patients at first presentation to a nephrologist in Nigeria. WAJM 2010; 29(4): 225-229.
Nigerian journal of clinical practice
Most developing regions of the world are undergoing gradual epidemiological transition resulting ... more Most developing regions of the world are undergoing gradual epidemiological transition resulting in high burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This affects the pattern of death in this region. The objective of this study is to determine the causes of death in the medical wards of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, South-East Nigeria from 1995 to 2010. Data were collected retrospectively from January 1995 to December 2010. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) version 17.0 was used. Simple descriptive statistics were done. Student's t-test was used to compare means of continuous variables, while Chi-square test was used to test significance of differences between two proportions. The mortality rate was 22.8% (6250/27,514) admissions. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Infections (20.2%) were the most common cause of death. However, chronic kidney disease was the single most common disease entity ca...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and to determin... more This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and to determine the age and gender distribution of this defect and its common associated congenital cardiac anomalies among patients referred for echocardiographic examination at the echocardiography laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Echocardiogram reports from the 10-year period February 1991-September 2001 were analysed. There were 2486 echocardiogram scans with an additional 334 repeat scans; 593 subjects had congenital anomalies, of which 165 (28%; 98 males and 67 females) had VSDs. The highest prevalence of VSDs (118; 70%) was in children age 0-9 years although VSDs were found in adults aged up to 50 years and above. Persistent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect were the commonest associated congenital anomalies. The study has shown that VSD is a relatively common congenital heart disease and that many patients present with VSD in adult life. There is a need for thorough scrutiny to be made for other cardiac anomalies in all patients with VSD, as well as for corrective surgery to be made affordable to those affected by this defect and other associated anomalies.
Journal of Hypertension, 2004
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2010
ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching near epidemic proportions inAfrica.A... more ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reaching near epidemic proportions inAfrica.Achieving significant reduction in the CVD burden requires aggressive population-based lifestyle-related risk factorsmodification. No studies have been done in this developing country on the cardiovascular risk factor profile among priests. The authors thus set out to evaluate the CV risk factor profile among priests in the rural diocesan setting ofOji River in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods: All the available serving priests of the diocese were recruited for the study. Their biodata, demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded under standard conditions and their lifestyle habits were evaluated. Laboratory investigations of blood glucose, serum electrolyte, urea, creatinine and cholesterol were carried out. Results: Fifty priests were studied, with mean age 45.5 (± 9.1) years. Fourteen percent of them were hypertensive and 16% were obese. Eighty percent either checked their blood pressures irregularly or never at all,while only 40%were regularly on their antihypertensive medications. Only 40% regularly engaged in any formof exercisewhile 18%admitted taking extra table salt at meals. Eighteen percent were inclined to rejecting/denying the fact of their hypertensive status “by faith”. The mean values of all the biochemical parameters were within the normal range. Conclusion: This study has shown low level of modifiable and unmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors, with a poor level of observance of lifestyle habits among the study population. It also shows a higher prevalence of hypertension in this rural setting among priests than for the rest of the country of study.
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology, 2013
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for a large proportion ... more ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for a large proportion of death and disability worldwide. However, a substantial portion of the increasing global impact of CVD is attributable to economic, social, and cultural changes that have led to increases in risk factors for CVD. These changes are most pronounced in the countries comprising the developing world. Because the majority of the world’s population lives in the developing world, the increasing rate of CVD in these countries is the driving force behind the continuing dramatic worldwide increase in CVD. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the frequency and pattern of cardiovascular disorders in the medical wards as well as the emergency and intensive care units of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive adult patients with diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders admitted into the medical wards and/or the emergency/intensive care units of UNTH Enugu between January 2000 and January 2007 was carried out using the ward admission and discharge registers. Results: A total of 6,162 patients (males 3,385 (54.93%); female 2,777 (45.07%)) were admitted over the period covered by the study. Out of these; 1,261 (20.46%) patients were found to have cardiovascular disorder. Prevalence of cardiovascular disorders was found to be higher among the female patients than among the males: 693 (24.95%) and 568 (16.78%) years, respectively. The ages ranged between 18 and 92 years with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 55.13 ± 15.37. The pattern of CVD observed in this study were hypertension and its complications (86.36%), rheumatic heart disease (4.52%), dilated cardiomyopathy (3.09%), and alcoholic heart muscle disease (0.95%). Conclusion: CVDs were major causes of morbidity in the environment of study. Early detection, improved outpatient care, as well as inclusion of appropriate secondary prevention programs in patient’s management especially at the community level is recommended in order to reduce complications and the need for hospital admissions. KEY WORDS: Admissions, cardiovascular disease, Nigeria, pattern Original Article
Orient Journal of Medicine, 2006
Results: Sixteen subjects (80% of total) made up of 9 males and 7 females had a satisfactory resp... more Results: Sixteen subjects (80% of total) made up of 9 males and 7 females had a satisfactory response defined as either a mean sitting trough-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of below 90mmHg or a mean DBP that has decreased by 10mmHg or more from the baseline DBP after ...
[Zasshi] [Journal]. Nihon Kyōbu Geka Gakkai, 1996
Journal of cardiology, 1998
The appearance of a new coronary artery lesion is important in patients with acute myocardial inf... more The appearance of a new coronary artery lesion is important in patients with acute myocardial infarction or late coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, which sometimes lead to cardiac death. We studied coronary angiograms of 1,098 patients with coronary artery disease (from 1985 to 1996) and found new lesions in 94 patients (male 74, female 20; mean age 61.6 years). Mean observation period of all 1,098 patients was 50.1 +/- 30.4 months, and that of patients with new lesions was 73.2 +/- 31.2 months. Clinical findings of the 94 patients were acute myocardial infarction (n = 28), recurrent angina (n = 56), and silent ischemia (n = 10). The appearance of a new coronary lesion was found in 2.4% (1992), 1.9% (1993), 2.3% (1994), 1.7% (1995) of all patients with ischemic heart disease per year. The new lesions were found more often in patients with non-significant stenotic lesions (n = 74) than in patients with lesions of > or = 50% stenosis (n = 20). Complex lesions were found in 56...
Ethnicity & disease, 2003
Patients with essential hypertension are predisposed to impaired left ventricular relaxation, and... more Patients with essential hypertension are predisposed to impaired left ventricular relaxation, and consequently, diastolic dysfunction. Because diastolic dysfunction is an early marker of the pathological effects of hypertension on the heart, evaluating the relationship between the development of diastolic dysfunction and the level of blood pressure becomes pertinent. The aim of our study was to evaluate this relationship. Between November 1998 and January 2000, 692 consecutive hypertensive patients, all Blacks, attending the medical outpatient and cardiac clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria were screened for the study. One hundred five of them, divided into 3 groups of 35 each according to levels of blood pressure, met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five age and sex-matched normotensives were used in the control group. Clinical parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and echocardiographic indices, were measured. A definite pos...
The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 2008
Rheumatic heart disease is one of the commonest causes of heart disease in Nigeria. Previous stud... more Rheumatic heart disease is one of the commonest causes of heart disease in Nigeria. Previous studies on rheumatic heart disease in Nigeria were either clinical or retrospective echocardiographic studies. This study was aimed at determining the burden of chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease, pattern of valvular involvement, severity and associated valvular lesions, using echocardiography. Between May, 2004 and April 2005, patients with symptomatic rheumatic heart disease, seen in the cardiac clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, were recruited for the study. The patients were investigated non-invasively with M-mode, Two-dimensional, Pulsed wave, Continuous wave and colour flow Doppler echocardiographic techniques in order to assess the mitral and other intracardiac valves for evidence of rheumatic heart disease. There were a total of 55 patients, 39 (70.9%) females and 16 (29.1%) males with a mean age of 29.34 +/- 11.57 years. Mitral valve disease was found in ...
Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2009
To determine blood levels of lead and its effects on haematological parameters among occupational... more To determine blood levels of lead and its effects on haematological parameters among occupational lead handlers in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. In developing countries, rapid industrialisation has lead to an alarming demand for lead. Furthermore, the burden of lead toxicity is greatly underestimated. Hence, the need to assess the unavoidable toxic effects of lead as done in this study. Blood lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in eighty one (81) male subjects from three manufacturing companies, all located in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria. Thirty (30) staff of the industries not directly involved in lead handling served as control group I, while twenty (20) apparently healthy individuals from within the same locality not involved in lead handling served as control group II. Haematological values, blood lead levels and blood pressure (BP) were established using standard procedures. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was used to analyze the results. P...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010
Hypertension remains the most rapidly rising cardiovascular disease in Africa. This study was des... more Hypertension remains the most rapidly rising cardiovascular disease in Africa. This study was designed to evaluate the perception, knowledge and practices of Nigerian hypertensive patients regarding hypertension and lifestyle modification measures. Consecutive hypertensive patients attending the cardiac clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, were recruited. A pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions were categorised to elicit patients' demographic characteristics, knowledge, perception and practice of various lifestyle-modification measures. chi(2) tests were performed. More than half (54.2%) of the 260 respondents had no formal, or just primary, education. About 25% were no longer taking their antihypertensive medication. Fifty per cent of the patients thought that hypertension was caused by stress. Most knew about the lifestyle measures through health personnel. More than 50% adopted the l...
African health sciences, 2010
Cardiovascular system abnormalities are common causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell a... more Cardiovascular system abnormalities are common causes of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell anaemia. The study aims at determining the pattern of electrocardiographic changes in adult Nigerian sickle cell anaemia patients. A descriptive cross sectional study was done on sixty sickle cell anaemia patients seen at the adult sickle cell clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, and sixty age and sex matched normal controls. All the subjects had clinical evaluation as well as electrocardiographic examination. The mean heart rate, P-wave duration, P-wave dispersion, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS dispersion, QTc interval and QTc dispersion were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group. Electrocardiographic abnormalities identified by this study were: left ventricular hypertrophy (75%; 1.7%), left atrial enlargement (40%; 0%), biventricular hypertrophy (11%; 0), ST-segment elevation (10%; 0%) and increased P-wave and QTc dispersions. ST segm...