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Papers by Saskia Jaarsveld

Research paper thumbnail of Creative Activities Among Older Adults and People With Cognitive Impairment

Journal of creative behavior/˜The œJournal of creative behavior, Mar 12, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Creativity across the lifespan: changes with age and with dementia

Research paper thumbnail of Creativity across the lifespan: changes with age and with dementia

BMC Geriatrics

Background It is well known that older age is associated with losses in cognitive functioning. Le... more Background It is well known that older age is associated with losses in cognitive functioning. Less is known about the extent to which creativity is changing with age or dementia. Aim of the current study was to gain more insights into psychometric aspects of creativity in younger and older people as well as people with dementia. Method Our sample comprised three groups, (1) participants between age 18—30 years (n = 24), (2) participants 65 + years without cognitive impairment (n = 24), and (3) participants 65 + years with cognitive impairment / dementia (n = 23). Cognitive abilities were assessed via the Standard Progressive Matrices Test (SPM), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCa), and Trail Making Test (TMT). Creativity was assessed via the Creative Reasoning Task (CRT), Test of Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP), and Alternate Uses Task (AUT). Results Compared to younger people, older people scored significantly lower in only two out of eleven creativity sub-scor...

Research paper thumbnail of Alpha oscillatory evidence for shared underlying mechanisms of creativity and fluid intelligence above and beyond working memory-related activity

Research paper thumbnail of Are attentional blink and creative reasoning related through general cognitive flexibility

Research paper thumbnail of CREATIVITY AND COGNITION A study of creativity within the framework of cognitive science , artificial intelligence and the dynamical system theory

Different approaches towards cognition and creativity will be discussed and compared. Unified mod... more Different approaches towards cognition and creativity will be discussed and compared. Unified models of cognition are presented, such as SOAR, ACT*, neural network theories and hybrid models. Only a small part of cognition research is concerned with creativity, such as the creative cognition approach and information-processing models of design and creativity. Several Artificial Intelligence (AI) models concerning creativity will be presented. Most AI-models of creativity address only combinational and explorational creativity. Only some models, like Hofstadter’s COPYCAT and models based on genetic algorithms can produce transformational creativity. Dynamical system theory seems to offer a powerful new framework to describe cognition and creativity. Dynamical system theory provides a model that can capture the fluid complexity of human creativity, wherein the creative concept space evolves in time.

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Space Matters: Evaluation of a German Enrichment Program for Gifted Children

Frontiers in Psychology, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Space Matters: The Development of Creativity and Intelligence in Primary School Children

Creativity Research Journal, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence and Creativity in Problem Solving: The Importance of Test Features in Cognition Research

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

This paper discusses the importance of three features of psychometric tests for cognition researc... more This paper discusses the importance of three features of psychometric tests for cognition research: construct definition, problem space, and knowledge domain. Definition of constructs, e.g., intelligence or creativity, forms the theoretical basis for test construction. Problem space, being well or ill-defined, is determined by the cognitive abilities considered to belong to the constructs, e.g., convergent thinking to intelligence, divergent thinking to creativity. Knowledge domain and the possibilities it offers cognition are reflected in test results. We argue that (a) comparing results of tests with different problem spaces is more informative when cognition operates in both tests on an identical knowledge domain, and (b) intertwining of abilities related to both constructs can only be expected in tests developed to instigate such a process. Test features should guarantee that abilities can contribute to self-generated and goal-directed processes bringing forth solutions that are...

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence and Creativity: Over the Threshold Together?

Creativity Research Journal, 2016

Threshold theory predicts a positive correlation between IQ and creativity scores up to an IQ lev... more Threshold theory predicts a positive correlation between IQ and creativity scores up to an IQ level of 120 and no correlation above this threshold. Primary school children were tested at beginning (N = 98) and ending (N = 70) of the school year. Participants performed the standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the Test of Creative Thinking—Drawing Production (TCT-DP). Each child with IQ ≥ 120 was grade-and-gender matched to a child with IQ < 120. Results in accordance with the threshold theory were found only for female children in the highest grade level (Grade 4). Longitudinal analysis implies that a subgroup of children goes down in IQ and creativity simultaneously, possibly due to motivational issues. Their correlated scores may be a source of evidence for the threshold theory. The relationship between intelligence and creativity is not straightforward and depends on a combination of factors including grade level and gender.

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive mechanisms underlying attentional blink and creative reasoning

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Problem Space on Reasoning: Solving versus Creating Matrices

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence in creative processes: An EEG study

Research paper thumbnail of Creative reasoning across developmental levels: Convergence and divergence in problem creation

Research paper thumbnail of Solving and Creating Raven Progressive Matrices: Reasoning in Well- and Ill-Defined Problem Spaces

Creativity Research Journal, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sketches from a Design Process: Creative Cognition Inferred From Intermediate Products

Research paper thumbnail of Creative Reasoning: The case of generating an RPM item

Creativity Research Journal, 2010

Taakbalk. taskbar; subnavigation; contents. Contact; Who's who; Organisational chart; Librar... more Taakbalk. taskbar; subnavigation; contents. Contact; Who's who; Organisational chart; Libraries; Toledo; Intranet; KU Leuven Nederlands. logo zoekterm: Navigation. Education: International programmes; Faculties; ECTS; Vision and policy. Research: Research at KU Leuven; Support and funding; Industry and society; PhD; Postdoc researchers; Output and impact; Networking; Vision and policy. Admissions: How to apply; Scholarships; Degree-seeking students; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Verbal-analytical rather than visuo-spatial Raven's puzzle solving favors Raven's-like puzzle generation

Frontiers in Psychology

Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM) comprise two types of representational codes, nam... more Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM) comprise two types of representational codes, namely visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, that are used to solve APM puzzles. Studies using analytical, behavioral, and imaging methods have supported the multidimensional perspectives of APM puzzles. The visuo-spatial code is expected to recruit operations more responsive to the visual perception tasks. In contrast, the verbal-analytical code is expected to use operations more responsive to the logical reasoning task and may entail different cognitive strategies. Acknowledging different representational codes used in APM puzzle-solving is critical for a better understanding of APM's performance and their relationship with other tasks, especially creative reasoning. We used the eye-tracking method to investigate the role of two representational codes, visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, in strategies involved in solving APM puzzles and in generating an APM-like puzzle by using a crea...

Research paper thumbnail of Creative Activities Among Older Adults and People With Cognitive Impairment

Journal of creative behavior/˜The œJournal of creative behavior, Mar 12, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Creativity across the lifespan: changes with age and with dementia

Research paper thumbnail of Creativity across the lifespan: changes with age and with dementia

BMC Geriatrics

Background It is well known that older age is associated with losses in cognitive functioning. Le... more Background It is well known that older age is associated with losses in cognitive functioning. Less is known about the extent to which creativity is changing with age or dementia. Aim of the current study was to gain more insights into psychometric aspects of creativity in younger and older people as well as people with dementia. Method Our sample comprised three groups, (1) participants between age 18—30 years (n = 24), (2) participants 65 + years without cognitive impairment (n = 24), and (3) participants 65 + years with cognitive impairment / dementia (n = 23). Cognitive abilities were assessed via the Standard Progressive Matrices Test (SPM), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCa), and Trail Making Test (TMT). Creativity was assessed via the Creative Reasoning Task (CRT), Test of Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP), and Alternate Uses Task (AUT). Results Compared to younger people, older people scored significantly lower in only two out of eleven creativity sub-scor...

Research paper thumbnail of Alpha oscillatory evidence for shared underlying mechanisms of creativity and fluid intelligence above and beyond working memory-related activity

Research paper thumbnail of Are attentional blink and creative reasoning related through general cognitive flexibility

Research paper thumbnail of CREATIVITY AND COGNITION A study of creativity within the framework of cognitive science , artificial intelligence and the dynamical system theory

Different approaches towards cognition and creativity will be discussed and compared. Unified mod... more Different approaches towards cognition and creativity will be discussed and compared. Unified models of cognition are presented, such as SOAR, ACT*, neural network theories and hybrid models. Only a small part of cognition research is concerned with creativity, such as the creative cognition approach and information-processing models of design and creativity. Several Artificial Intelligence (AI) models concerning creativity will be presented. Most AI-models of creativity address only combinational and explorational creativity. Only some models, like Hofstadter’s COPYCAT and models based on genetic algorithms can produce transformational creativity. Dynamical system theory seems to offer a powerful new framework to describe cognition and creativity. Dynamical system theory provides a model that can capture the fluid complexity of human creativity, wherein the creative concept space evolves in time.

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Space Matters: Evaluation of a German Enrichment Program for Gifted Children

Frontiers in Psychology, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Space Matters: The Development of Creativity and Intelligence in Primary School Children

Creativity Research Journal, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence and Creativity in Problem Solving: The Importance of Test Features in Cognition Research

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

This paper discusses the importance of three features of psychometric tests for cognition researc... more This paper discusses the importance of three features of psychometric tests for cognition research: construct definition, problem space, and knowledge domain. Definition of constructs, e.g., intelligence or creativity, forms the theoretical basis for test construction. Problem space, being well or ill-defined, is determined by the cognitive abilities considered to belong to the constructs, e.g., convergent thinking to intelligence, divergent thinking to creativity. Knowledge domain and the possibilities it offers cognition are reflected in test results. We argue that (a) comparing results of tests with different problem spaces is more informative when cognition operates in both tests on an identical knowledge domain, and (b) intertwining of abilities related to both constructs can only be expected in tests developed to instigate such a process. Test features should guarantee that abilities can contribute to self-generated and goal-directed processes bringing forth solutions that are...

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence and Creativity: Over the Threshold Together?

Creativity Research Journal, 2016

Threshold theory predicts a positive correlation between IQ and creativity scores up to an IQ lev... more Threshold theory predicts a positive correlation between IQ and creativity scores up to an IQ level of 120 and no correlation above this threshold. Primary school children were tested at beginning (N = 98) and ending (N = 70) of the school year. Participants performed the standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the Test of Creative Thinking—Drawing Production (TCT-DP). Each child with IQ ≥ 120 was grade-and-gender matched to a child with IQ < 120. Results in accordance with the threshold theory were found only for female children in the highest grade level (Grade 4). Longitudinal analysis implies that a subgroup of children goes down in IQ and creativity simultaneously, possibly due to motivational issues. Their correlated scores may be a source of evidence for the threshold theory. The relationship between intelligence and creativity is not straightforward and depends on a combination of factors including grade level and gender.

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive mechanisms underlying attentional blink and creative reasoning

Research paper thumbnail of The Impact of Problem Space on Reasoning: Solving versus Creating Matrices

Research paper thumbnail of Intelligence in creative processes: An EEG study

Research paper thumbnail of Creative reasoning across developmental levels: Convergence and divergence in problem creation

Research paper thumbnail of Solving and Creating Raven Progressive Matrices: Reasoning in Well- and Ill-Defined Problem Spaces

Creativity Research Journal, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Sketches from a Design Process: Creative Cognition Inferred From Intermediate Products

Research paper thumbnail of Creative Reasoning: The case of generating an RPM item

Creativity Research Journal, 2010

Taakbalk. taskbar; subnavigation; contents. Contact; Who's who; Organisational chart; Librar... more Taakbalk. taskbar; subnavigation; contents. Contact; Who's who; Organisational chart; Libraries; Toledo; Intranet; KU Leuven Nederlands. logo zoekterm: Navigation. Education: International programmes; Faculties; ECTS; Vision and policy. Research: Research at KU Leuven; Support and funding; Industry and society; PhD; Postdoc researchers; Output and impact; Networking; Vision and policy. Admissions: How to apply; Scholarships; Degree-seeking students; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Verbal-analytical rather than visuo-spatial Raven's puzzle solving favors Raven's-like puzzle generation

Frontiers in Psychology

Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM) comprise two types of representational codes, nam... more Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM) comprise two types of representational codes, namely visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, that are used to solve APM puzzles. Studies using analytical, behavioral, and imaging methods have supported the multidimensional perspectives of APM puzzles. The visuo-spatial code is expected to recruit operations more responsive to the visual perception tasks. In contrast, the verbal-analytical code is expected to use operations more responsive to the logical reasoning task and may entail different cognitive strategies. Acknowledging different representational codes used in APM puzzle-solving is critical for a better understanding of APM's performance and their relationship with other tasks, especially creative reasoning. We used the eye-tracking method to investigate the role of two representational codes, visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, in strategies involved in solving APM puzzles and in generating an APM-like puzzle by using a crea...