SK Hong - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by SK Hong

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern and process in MAEUL, a traditional Korean rural landscape

Land-use changes due to the socioeconomic environment influence landscape patterns and processes,... more Land-use changes due to the socioeconomic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

Research paper thumbnail of Biocultural diversity and traditional ecological knowledge in island regions of Southwestern Korea

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the... more In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of International Trends of Rural Landscape Researches for Land Management and Policies

Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas

Rural landscapes have a long history of human impacts. The course of history was established by a... more Rural landscapes have a long history of human impacts. The course of history was established by an interrelationship between nature and humans and rural landscape changes occur in the changing inter-relationship between them. In particular, changes in human impacts due to socio-economic changes have been the main driving force in the world since the industrial revolution. These have affected the

Research paper thumbnail of The pattern of landscape patches and invasion of naturalized plants in developed areas of urban Seoul

Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Management plan for UNESCO Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve (SDBR), Republic of Korea: Integrative perspective on ecosystem and human resources

Research paper thumbnail of Fengshui theory in urban landscape planning

The spatial configuration of urban landscapes results from cumulative interactions between human ... more The spatial configuration of urban landscapes results from cumulative interactions between human activities and the physical environment. Traditional philosophies and cultural legacies have had important influences on urban development and planning in East Asia. In Seoul, traditional land use practices based on 'Fengshui' have significantly contributed to human-mediated patterns of landscape changes, in addition to the role of the socioeconomic background (development) and other human activities. The concept of Fengshui was originally founded upon people's empirical cognition of natural landscape patterns. Recently, however, advanced economic development, westernization and urbanization have been rapidly altering the old traditions of the holistic landscape systems through changing urban planning practices. Since the type, scale, frequency, distribution and spreading pattern of environmental and human disturbances have been changed, a new paradigm for urban landscape planning is necessary to maintain the ecological and cultural integrity of landscapes in Korea. In this paper, we discuss recent concepts and methods of landscape ecology and urban planning from the viewpoint of Fengshui, the traditional land use patterns in Seoul, whose application has so far been restricted only to traditional land evaluation. We conclude that, to maintain the sustainability of the urban landscape, it is necessary to develop a new urban planning framework for the region that is based on the integration between landscape ecology principles with the traditional concepts of Fengshui.

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern and process in MAEUL, a traditional Korean rural landscape

Land-use changes due to the socioeconomic environment influence landscape patterns and processes,... more Land-use changes due to the socioeconomic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

Research paper thumbnail of Biocultural diversity and traditional ecological knowledge in island regions of Southwestern Korea

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the... more In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

Research paper thumbnail of International Trends of Rural Landscape Researches for Land Management and Policies

Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas

Rural landscapes have a long history of human impacts. The course of history was established by a... more Rural landscapes have a long history of human impacts. The course of history was established by an interrelationship between nature and humans and rural landscape changes occur in the changing inter-relationship between them. In particular, changes in human impacts due to socio-economic changes have been the main driving force in the world since the industrial revolution. These have affected the

Research paper thumbnail of The pattern of landscape patches and invasion of naturalized plants in developed areas of urban Seoul

Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Management plan for UNESCO Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve (SDBR), Republic of Korea: Integrative perspective on ecosystem and human resources

Research paper thumbnail of Fengshui theory in urban landscape planning

The spatial configuration of urban landscapes results from cumulative interactions between human ... more The spatial configuration of urban landscapes results from cumulative interactions between human activities and the physical environment. Traditional philosophies and cultural legacies have had important influences on urban development and planning in East Asia. In Seoul, traditional land use practices based on 'Fengshui' have significantly contributed to human-mediated patterns of landscape changes, in addition to the role of the socioeconomic background (development) and other human activities. The concept of Fengshui was originally founded upon people's empirical cognition of natural landscape patterns. Recently, however, advanced economic development, westernization and urbanization have been rapidly altering the old traditions of the holistic landscape systems through changing urban planning practices. Since the type, scale, frequency, distribution and spreading pattern of environmental and human disturbances have been changed, a new paradigm for urban landscape planning is necessary to maintain the ecological and cultural integrity of landscapes in Korea. In this paper, we discuss recent concepts and methods of landscape ecology and urban planning from the viewpoint of Fengshui, the traditional land use patterns in Seoul, whose application has so far been restricted only to traditional land evaluation. We conclude that, to maintain the sustainability of the urban landscape, it is necessary to develop a new urban planning framework for the region that is based on the integration between landscape ecology principles with the traditional concepts of Fengshui.