S. Karabus - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by S. Karabus

Research paper thumbnail of Penicillin allergy : more about... paediatric allergy

CME: Your SA Journal of CPD, 2010

Penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for treating comm... more Penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for treating common infections but are also the antibiotics that most often cause allergic reactions. Many patients are diagnosed as having penicillin allergy. However, on testing, it has been found that as many as 90% of individuals labelled as having penicillin allergy have no evidence of the condition.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Hypersensitivity to stinging insects : review article

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2012

Stings from bees, bumblebees, wasps and ants usually cause a transient local reaction which may l... more Stings from bees, bumblebees, wasps and ants usually cause a transient local reaction which may last for several days and which generally resolves without treatment. Occasionally, life-threatening anaphylaxis may occur. Such severe reactions may be refractory to single doses of adrenaline. Each year in the USA about 40 individuals die from anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects. In South Africa, bee-sting hypersensitivity is the most common form of stinging insect allergy. Venom immunotherapy is available and effective for bee venom hypersensitivity but many individuals with stinging-insect allergy are not referred to an allergist for evaluation and are thus never offered this potentially life-saving therapy.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse drug reactions : all our responsibility : guest editorial

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2015

The who defines an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as anynoxious, unintended, and undesired effect of... more The who defines an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as anynoxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, ortherapy.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of What is new in allergy and component tetsing

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2018

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy: review articles

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition present in approximately 2-7.5% of ch... more Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition present in approximately 2-7.5% of children. The diagnosis is usually made in the first 12 months of life by taking a thorough clinical history and by performing confirmatory special investigations. These may include skin-prick tests, blood tests and an oral food challenge, which remains the gold standard investigation. Allergic reactions to cow's milk protein can be prevented by avoiding ingestion of offending foods. This entails a detailed knowledge of food labelling and hidden sources of cow's milk within products. A suitable cow's-milk-free formula should be advised for infants. In case of accidental ingestion, the patient should be equipped with antihistamines and adrenaline autoinjectors if clinically indicated. Children should undergo repeated monitoring and testing for development of clinical tolerance.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Penicillin allergy in children : review article

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2009

It is not uncommon to see skin rashes during a course of treatment with penicillin and penicillin... more It is not uncommon to see skin rashes during a course of treatment with penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics. This is often assumed to be due to penicillin allergy although in most cases no testing is performed to verify the diagnosis. Many children are simply labelled 'penicillin allergic', a label which they carry into adulthood which may deny them the benefit of treatment with the most appropriate group of antibiotics. Penicillins are the most widely used antibiotics for common infections as well as being the antibiotics which most often cause allergic reactions. The incidence of self-reported penicillin allergy is 1-10% but most of these patients will test negative. Misdiagnosis of penicillin allergy may result in the unnecessary use of more expensive and less effective antibiotics as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms. History alone is unreliable in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy. Skin testing (skin-prick and intradermal testing) remains ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The diagosis and management of allergic rhinitis : summary of recommendations by the South African allergic rhinitis working group (SAARWG) 2015 : consensus document

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2015

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic condition which is often unsatisfactorily ... more Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic condition which is often unsatisfactorily diagnosed or treated. Relevant allergens are area-specific hence the need for careful selection for relevance and cost-effectiveness. In this document, the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG) aims to address several diagnostic and therapeutic issues related to AR in the South African context. Recommendations: The diagnosis of AR relies on a sound clinical assessment together with laboratory tests for allergic sensitisation. Tailored screening panels for relevant allergens in South Africa have been devised and are discussed. X-rays and CT scans are generally unnecessary in uncomplicated AR. Component testing can differentiate between allergen-specific and cost-reactive components and aid in the selection of suitable patience for immunotherapy. Management: The management of AR entails allergen reduction, harmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are th...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Paediatric atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in South Africa: A practical algorithm for the management of mild-to-moderate disease in daily clinical practice

South African Family Practice, 2020

Background Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, highly pruritic, inflammatory skin condition with inc... more Background Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, highly pruritic, inflammatory skin condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. Atopic eczema mostly affects children, impairing quality of life with poor disease control leading to progression of other atopic disorders. As most patients in South Africa have no access to specialist healthcare, a practical approach is needed for the management of mild-to-moderate AE in paediatric patients for daily clinical practice. Methods A panel of experts in AE convened to develop a practical algorithm for the management of AE for children and adolescents in South Africa. Results Regular moisturising with an oil-based emollient remains the mainstay of AE treatment. Severe AE flares should be managed with topical corticosteroids (TCSs). For mild-to-moderate AE flares in sensitive skin areas, a topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) should be applied twice daily from the first signs of AE until complete resolution. Topical corticosteroids may be used whe...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide perspectives on venom allergy

World Allergy Organization Journal, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of South African Food Allergy Working Group (SAFAWG) authors of the South African food allergy consensus document 2014

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Novel therapies in the management of food allergy: Oral immunotherapy and anti-IgE

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Vaccination in food allergic patients

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Elimination diets and dietary interventions for the management of food allergies Elimination diets and dietary interventions for the management of food allergies

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of IgE-mediated food allergy

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Exclusion diets and challenges in the diagnosis of food allergy

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Non-IgE-mediated food allergies

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of South African food allergy consensus document 2014

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Severe food allergy and anaphylaxis: Treatment, risk assessment and risk reduction

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of food allergy: History, examination and in vivo and in vitro tests

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Egg Allergy and Immunisation in Children

Hens’ egg (HE) allergy is common in infancy and childhood (±2%), but the majority of children bec... more Hens’ egg (HE) allergy is common in infancy and childhood (±2%), but the majority of children become clinically tolerant by the time they start school. Of concern is the whether the recommended immunisation schedule should be followed in children with a possible/ proven HE allergy. The overall incidence of anaphylaxis from all vaccines is less than 1 per million doses. Most cases of anaphylaxis occur in HE-allergic children.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Penicillin allergy : more about... paediatric allergy

CME: Your SA Journal of CPD, 2010

Penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for treating comm... more Penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics are the most frequently used agents for treating common infections but are also the antibiotics that most often cause allergic reactions. Many patients are diagnosed as having penicillin allergy. However, on testing, it has been found that as many as 90% of individuals labelled as having penicillin allergy have no evidence of the condition.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Hypersensitivity to stinging insects : review article

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2012

Stings from bees, bumblebees, wasps and ants usually cause a transient local reaction which may l... more Stings from bees, bumblebees, wasps and ants usually cause a transient local reaction which may last for several days and which generally resolves without treatment. Occasionally, life-threatening anaphylaxis may occur. Such severe reactions may be refractory to single doses of adrenaline. Each year in the USA about 40 individuals die from anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects. In South Africa, bee-sting hypersensitivity is the most common form of stinging insect allergy. Venom immunotherapy is available and effective for bee venom hypersensitivity but many individuals with stinging-insect allergy are not referred to an allergist for evaluation and are thus never offered this potentially life-saving therapy.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Adverse drug reactions : all our responsibility : guest editorial

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2015

The who defines an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as anynoxious, unintended, and undesired effect of... more The who defines an adverse drug reaction (ADR) as anynoxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, ortherapy.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of What is new in allergy and component tetsing

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2018

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy: review articles

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition present in approximately 2-7.5% of ch... more Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition present in approximately 2-7.5% of children. The diagnosis is usually made in the first 12 months of life by taking a thorough clinical history and by performing confirmatory special investigations. These may include skin-prick tests, blood tests and an oral food challenge, which remains the gold standard investigation. Allergic reactions to cow's milk protein can be prevented by avoiding ingestion of offending foods. This entails a detailed knowledge of food labelling and hidden sources of cow's milk within products. A suitable cow's-milk-free formula should be advised for infants. In case of accidental ingestion, the patient should be equipped with antihistamines and adrenaline autoinjectors if clinically indicated. Children should undergo repeated monitoring and testing for development of clinical tolerance.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Penicillin allergy in children : review article

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2009

It is not uncommon to see skin rashes during a course of treatment with penicillin and penicillin... more It is not uncommon to see skin rashes during a course of treatment with penicillin and penicillin-based antibiotics. This is often assumed to be due to penicillin allergy although in most cases no testing is performed to verify the diagnosis. Many children are simply labelled 'penicillin allergic', a label which they carry into adulthood which may deny them the benefit of treatment with the most appropriate group of antibiotics. Penicillins are the most widely used antibiotics for common infections as well as being the antibiotics which most often cause allergic reactions. The incidence of self-reported penicillin allergy is 1-10% but most of these patients will test negative. Misdiagnosis of penicillin allergy may result in the unnecessary use of more expensive and less effective antibiotics as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms. History alone is unreliable in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy. Skin testing (skin-prick and intradermal testing) remains ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of The diagosis and management of allergic rhinitis : summary of recommendations by the South African allergic rhinitis working group (SAARWG) 2015 : consensus document

Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2015

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic condition which is often unsatisfactorily ... more Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common chronic condition which is often unsatisfactorily diagnosed or treated. Relevant allergens are area-specific hence the need for careful selection for relevance and cost-effectiveness. In this document, the South African Allergic Rhinitis Working Group (SAARWG) aims to address several diagnostic and therapeutic issues related to AR in the South African context. Recommendations: The diagnosis of AR relies on a sound clinical assessment together with laboratory tests for allergic sensitisation. Tailored screening panels for relevant allergens in South Africa have been devised and are discussed. X-rays and CT scans are generally unnecessary in uncomplicated AR. Component testing can differentiate between allergen-specific and cost-reactive components and aid in the selection of suitable patience for immunotherapy. Management: The management of AR entails allergen reduction, harmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are th...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Paediatric atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in South Africa: A practical algorithm for the management of mild-to-moderate disease in daily clinical practice

South African Family Practice, 2020

Background Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, highly pruritic, inflammatory skin condition with inc... more Background Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, highly pruritic, inflammatory skin condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. Atopic eczema mostly affects children, impairing quality of life with poor disease control leading to progression of other atopic disorders. As most patients in South Africa have no access to specialist healthcare, a practical approach is needed for the management of mild-to-moderate AE in paediatric patients for daily clinical practice. Methods A panel of experts in AE convened to develop a practical algorithm for the management of AE for children and adolescents in South Africa. Results Regular moisturising with an oil-based emollient remains the mainstay of AE treatment. Severe AE flares should be managed with topical corticosteroids (TCSs). For mild-to-moderate AE flares in sensitive skin areas, a topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) should be applied twice daily from the first signs of AE until complete resolution. Topical corticosteroids may be used whe...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Worldwide perspectives on venom allergy

World Allergy Organization Journal, 2019

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of South African Food Allergy Working Group (SAFAWG) authors of the South African food allergy consensus document 2014

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Novel therapies in the management of food allergy: Oral immunotherapy and anti-IgE

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Vaccination in food allergic patients

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Elimination diets and dietary interventions for the management of food allergies Elimination diets and dietary interventions for the management of food allergies

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiology of IgE-mediated food allergy

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Exclusion diets and challenges in the diagnosis of food allergy

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Non-IgE-mediated food allergies

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of South African food allergy consensus document 2014

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Severe food allergy and anaphylaxis: Treatment, risk assessment and risk reduction

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnosis of food allergy: History, examination and in vivo and in vitro tests

South African Medical Journal, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Egg Allergy and Immunisation in Children

Hens’ egg (HE) allergy is common in infancy and childhood (±2%), but the majority of children bec... more Hens’ egg (HE) allergy is common in infancy and childhood (±2%), but the majority of children become clinically tolerant by the time they start school. Of concern is the whether the recommended immunisation schedule should be followed in children with a possible/ proven HE allergy. The overall incidence of anaphylaxis from all vaccines is less than 1 per million doses. Most cases of anaphylaxis occur in HE-allergic children.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact