Shabir Hussain Khahro - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shabir Hussain Khahro

Coatings

Semi-flexible pavement surfacing, or grouted macadam, is an alternative to conventional flexible ... more Semi-flexible pavement surfacing, or grouted macadam, is an alternative to conventional flexible and rigid pavement. It is constructed by injecting cementitious grout into the voids of an open-graded asphalt surfacing. The cement used in cementitious grouts has adverse environmental effects because of the carbon dioxide emission in cement production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using irradiated waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and fly ash (FA) as a (partial) cement replacement in cementitious grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfacing. This study sought to assess the stiffness modulus and fatigue properties of the semi-flexible specimens prepared with control grout, regular PET (2.57% PET + 10% FA) and irradiated PET (4.75% PET + 10% FA)-based grouts and compares the stiffness modulus and fatigue properties of semi-flexible specimens with the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete. The semi-flexible surfacing specimens showed superior ...

Sustainability

Pavement maintenance is a key concern for pavement management authority. Countries (especially de... more Pavement maintenance is a key concern for pavement management authority. Countries (especially developing countries) are facing severe funding challenges regarding maintenance schemes. The existing pavement maintenance methods are goal-specific and lack integration of various indicators that are significant for low-cost PMSs. Thus, this paper investigates the possible defects that may occur in flexible pavements as well as the relationships between different defects. A detailed literature review was conducted to identify all possible defects in flexible pavements and key features considered PMSs. A questionnaire was designed to seek expert opinions on the defects and their possible relationships for a low-cost PMS. The data were collected from 283 experts currently working in pavement management authorities and pavement maintenance schemes. Aggregated mean score, box plotting, and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. It is concluded that bumps/sags (3.17) are major def...

Two forms of motivating hypotheses have been posited by psychologists. Motivation is broken into ... more Two forms of motivating hypotheses have been posited by psychologists. Motivation is broken into two forms by dualistic theories: inherent and extrinsic. The attainment of an instrumental purpose relates to Extrinsic Motivation. It has been observed that Extrinsic motivation has been a topic of research interest of the researchers due to the significance of the term. Therefore, this paper evaluates the research output on extrinsic motivation since 1960 in different fields using the Scopus database. The data were collected from the Scopus database and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to analyze the research trends on extrinsic motivation. It is concluded that extrinsic motivation has been a topic of researchers' focus since 1960 but higher attempts are made after 2005. Most of the researchers prefer journal article publications and only 2% are in the press, whereas all other articles are already published. Most of the publications are published in the English language and the researcher from the field of Psychology and Social Science is publishing the most on extrinsic motivation. This paper will assist the junior researchers to find the gap and design their future research on extrinsic motivation as this paper compiles the database of the last six decades available on Scopus.

Applied Sciences

This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road emban... more This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road embankments with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). The emphasis of this study was to investigate and back-analyse the ratio of horizontal permeability in an undisturbed area to a smeared zone, which affects the behaviour of vertical drains. Two models of PVDs in soft ground were developed by utilising a plane strain 2D numerical approach based on the equivalent permeability. Suggestions for the improvement of numerical accuracy of the soft ground beneath road embankments have been made in regards to the obtained results. The employment of the equivalent horizontal permeability in numerical analysis produced significantly similar results to those of the measured values. Furthermore, a smear effect permeability ratio of 300 produced a considerably accurate result with a model based on the equivalent horizontal permeability and measured data. Lastly, the smear effect ratio of 6 using the equ...

Applied Sciences

This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road emban... more This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road embankments with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). The emphasis of this study was to investigate and back-analyse the ratio of horizontal permeability in an undisturbed area to a smeared zone, which affects the behaviour of vertical drains. Two models of PVDs in soft ground were developed by utilising a plane strain 2D numerical approach based on the equivalent permeability. Suggestions for the improvement of numerical accuracy of the soft ground beneath road embankments have been made in regards to the obtained results. The employment of the equivalent horizontal permeability in numerical analysis produced significantly similar results to those of the measured values. Furthermore, a smear effect permeability ratio of 300 produced a considerably accurate result with a model based on the equivalent horizontal permeability and measured data. Lastly, the smear effect ratio of 6 using the equ...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fis... more The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy has its own share of benefits & challenges in particular groups. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the benefits & challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction industry. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the possible benefits and key challenges to better fiscal policy. In later stage, a set of questionnaire was prepared using the identified factors. The data was collected from construction industry professionals with experience on fiscal policy management. The data was analysed by aggregated average mean using SPSS. The factor ranks were made on the higher values of aggregated mean value. The study concludes that the main hurdles to better fiscal policy are import/export restrictions, delays in land/plot permits/licenses, and currency fluctuations, as well as government subsidies on construction materials. Similarly, the to...

Interactive comment on the manuscript "Alluvial record of an early Eocene hyperthermal, Castissen... more Interactive comment on the manuscript "Alluvial record of an early Eocene hyperthermal, Castissent Formation, Pyrenees, Spain" by Louis Honegger et al, Louis Honegger et al claim to have located for the first time in a terrestrial succession the late Ypresian hyperthermal event coded "U", specifically within the Castissent Formation, a well-known alluvial-fluviatile unit of the southern Pyrenees. Their claim is based on a stable carbon isotope profile obtained from pedogenic carbonate nodules of a single section (Chiriveta). Their study, if correct, is potentially important, because to fully understand the effects of hyperthermals events their impacts on different settings need to be investigated. Howevr, although they might be correct in their claim, I am not entirely convinced that the fact presented in the manuscript incontrovertibly demonstrate that this is the case. Besides, some items of the manuscript are, in my C1 CPD

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021

Public sector client marks contractor selection decisions on technical and financial bid consider... more Public sector client marks contractor selection decisions on technical and financial bid considerations where efficient use of public resources is never unheeded. A plethora of past studies has developed two-stage models; however, continuous assessment of contractors is disregarded, and the models compromise on the discontinuous progression that partially recognizes the prominence of the technical stage in the selection process. This research aims to develop a novel automated two-stage continuous decision model for contractors’ assessment and selection where each contractor would be assessed on corresponding performance assessment grading levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) assimilated with MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) employed to assess the model criteria, whereas, criteria assessment stage is developed using a novel hybrid combination of SMART (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique), which in turn entails the EFA-MACBETH-SMART triplet-combination. The model encompasses extensive model criteria; thus, 76 model criteria were investigated and evaluated. Final selection of a contractor is proposed on technical bid/financial bid ratio mechanisms based on performance levels such as RT/F: 80/20; 75/25; 70/30; 65/35; and 60/40. A hypothetical case is encompassed to portray the operational mechanism of the automated assessment system. Findings from the model unveil that continuous progression of technical assessment stage in final selection make justice with the highly qualified contractors, and the likelihood of project success increases. The developed model further conclude that technically highest bidders may be awarded the contract if additionally offers a feasible bid. The developed model preserves the concept of efficient use of public resources alongside supporting the technically highest bidders.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Abstract This paper describes the optimization of synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer (FAGP) fo... more Abstract This paper describes the optimization of synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer (FAGP) for removing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) using response surface methodology (RSM) by varying the synthesis parameters of silica to alumina (Si/Al), sodium to alumina (Na/Al) and water to solid (W/S) ratios with the adsorption capacity as the response. The geopolymer samples were designed, synthesized, characterized, used for removing SDBS surfactant, and regenerated. Surface area and pore size analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, phase analysis, and microstructural analysis confirmed the synthesis of mesoporous and amorphous geopolymers with the presence of pores, cavities and rods in the geopolymer structure. Geopolymer sample synthesized with the composition of Si/Al-2.87, Na/Al-1.0 and W/S-0.35 (FAGP-2) achieved maximum surface area of 59.512 m2/g and displayed the highest adsorption capacity of 743.706 mg/g and removal efficiency of 84.5%. The ANOVA analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.952, F-value of 22.27, and p value of 0.05 which indicated the significance of the model and lack of fit was non-significant which showed good fitting of the experimental data to the quadratic model with 95% confidence level. The proposed geopolymer composition of Si/Al-2.353, Na/Al-1.056, and W/S-0.339 achieved adsorption capacity of 730.212 mg/g which is 99% similar to the predicted adsorption capacity. Thermal method successfully regenerated SDBS adsorbed geopolymer with only 13.8% loss of adsorption capacity after five cycles of regeneration. The adsorption capacity of optimized geopolymer is higher than other adsorbents such as cross-linked chitosan films, commercial activated carbon, surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and others used for removing SDBS surfactant and only amino crosslinked chitosan microspheres (ACCMs) has higher adsorption capacity than geopolymer. This shows that geopolymer can also be effectively used to adsorb SDBS surfactant from wastewater.

International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2020

This research aims to evaluate the level of postsecondary student satisfaction with online learni... more This research aims to evaluate the level of postsecondary student satisfaction with online learning platforms and learning experiences during the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This paper is based on the premise of transformative learning theories [1], which describe the learners’ authority and investment over their learning. Quantitative research was carried out using a survey that was sent out to 283 students enrolled at one higher education institution in KSA. These data were analyzed using SPSS. Average Mean Score (AMS) was used for data analysis, where the results are validated using the Standard Deviation (SD), Skewness and Kurtosis test, and Cronbach Alpha test. The research findings revealed that the students are satisfied with the university staff and faculty members who agreed on specific online platforms to use, grading system, assessment options, training workshops, online technical support, and more. The research findings also ...

Open Chemistry Journal, 2019

Background: Organotin(IV) derivatives have appeared recently as potential biologically active met... more Background: Organotin(IV) derivatives have appeared recently as potential biologically active metallopharmaceuticals exhibiting a variety of therapeutic activities. Hence, it is important to study the synthesis of new organotin compounds with low toxicity that may be of pharmacological interest. Objectives: This study focuses on the synthesis of new bis-stannylated derivatives with C2 symmetry that could be tested as antifungal agents against two clinical important fungal species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. Methods: The radical addition of triorganotin hydrides (R3SnH) and diorganotin chlorohydrides (R2ClSnH) to bis-α,β-unsaturated diesters derived from (S)-BINOL led to the corresponding new bis-stannylated derivatives with C2 symmetry. Nine pure organotin compounds were synthesized with defined stereochemistry. Four of them were enantiomerically pure and four were diastereoisomeric mixtures. Results: All new organotin compounds were fully characterized, those wit...

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2015

An efficient, green, and atom economic methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of C 2 symme... more An efficient, green, and atom economic methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of C 2 symmetry (3R,4R)-TTFOL diester derivatives has been developed. The procedure occurs through a (2R,3R)-TADDOL dioxolane cleavage and rearrangement under mild conditions by its reaction with a carboxylic acid in the presence of TFAA/H 3 PO 4 without the need for an inert atmosphere to give generally high yields.

Sustainability

Floods have been reported to be an important disaster in any country and Malaysia has faced simil... more Floods have been reported to be an important disaster in any country and Malaysia has faced similar disasters in the past, resulting in disturbance in daily community routine issues, financial losses, infrastructure damage including railway tracks, bridges, roads, vehicles, properties, and the worst is the loss of lives. The Sarawak region of Malaysia also witnesses yearly disasters in rainy seasons. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible challenges to manage the flood disaster in Sarawak and to identify the possible solutions to manage floods. In this research, secondary data was used for qualitative assessment. The newspaper articles were collected from the year 2015 until 2019. Targeted interviews were conducted with experts working in flood management disaster schemes to rank and validate the most important factors after content analysis from the past news reports. It is concluded that poor drainage systems, rapid development, heavy rainfall, lack of public awarene...

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

Integration management has always been a topic of interest for researchers. It plays a significan... more Integration management has always been a topic of interest for researchers. It plays a significant role in the success of the projects. Integration management effectively incorporates all the aspects of projects and provides a roadmap towards their success. Based on the significance of the term, this paper assesses the research output of integration management since 1970 in different fields of the application using the Scopus database. The data was collected and analyzed through Microsoft Excel to analyze the research publications trend line, publication types and their access to the audience, organizations and countries involved, languages of publications, authors participating, and their respective field of research in relation to integration management. This paper will assist the researcher of this area to observe the research trends on the integration management topic as per the Scopus database until 2021.

Elementary Education Online, 2021

Sustainability, 2022

Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of t... more Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of the world economy. Airports spend huge sums annually to maintain and improve pavement functions by expanding the runways, taxiways, and aprons, and perform routine maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavements. Besides the traditional direct costs, a comprehensive airport pavement management system should also consider indirect costs such as fuel, crew, passenger delay, aircraft maintenance, and loss of airport revenue when conducting a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Engineers, managers, and stakeholders can make better decisions on the appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies by performing economic analyses of the direct and indirect costs. This study performed probabilistic and deterministic LCCA to contrast the effect of direct costs vis-a-vis indirect costs in airport pavement management. A case study found that indirect costs could contribute up to ...

Sustainability, 2022

Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffi... more Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffic. There is a dearth of studies on the scheduling of airport pavement maintenance and the importance of assessing the different scheduling strategies using Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). An analysis of the cost–benefit study of a delay in maintenance alternatives should be done to determine whether a one-year delay is beneficial. This study concerns airport pavement management systems and the significance of a delay in several maintenance and preservation strategies depending on the analysis of inputs and outputs based on data from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport in Jefferson County, United States. Herein, four preventive maintenance strategies were reviewed: three of the strategies involve crack treatment, namely crack sealing, patching, and a slurry seal, while the review of surface treatment only looks at the overlay method, which is done based on two Pavement Condition Indi...

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014

It has been observed that the construction industry is one of the notorious industry having highe... more It has been observed that the construction industry is one of the notorious industry having higher rate of fatalities and injuries. Resulting in higher financial losses and work hour losses, which are normally faced by this industry due to occuptional accidents. Construction industry has the highest occupational accidents rate recorded throughout the world after agriculture industry. The construction work site is often a busy place having an incredibly high account of activities taking place, where everyone is moving in frenzy having particular task assigned. In such an environment, occupational accidents do occur. This paper gives information about different types of occupational accidents & their causes in the construction industry of Pakistan. A survey has been carried out to identify the types of occupational accidents often occur at construction site. The impact of each occupational accident has also been identified. The input from the different stakeholders involved on the wor...

Coatings

Semi-flexible pavement surfacing, or grouted macadam, is an alternative to conventional flexible ... more Semi-flexible pavement surfacing, or grouted macadam, is an alternative to conventional flexible and rigid pavement. It is constructed by injecting cementitious grout into the voids of an open-graded asphalt surfacing. The cement used in cementitious grouts has adverse environmental effects because of the carbon dioxide emission in cement production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using irradiated waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and fly ash (FA) as a (partial) cement replacement in cementitious grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfacing. This study sought to assess the stiffness modulus and fatigue properties of the semi-flexible specimens prepared with control grout, regular PET (2.57% PET + 10% FA) and irradiated PET (4.75% PET + 10% FA)-based grouts and compares the stiffness modulus and fatigue properties of semi-flexible specimens with the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete. The semi-flexible surfacing specimens showed superior ...

Sustainability

Pavement maintenance is a key concern for pavement management authority. Countries (especially de... more Pavement maintenance is a key concern for pavement management authority. Countries (especially developing countries) are facing severe funding challenges regarding maintenance schemes. The existing pavement maintenance methods are goal-specific and lack integration of various indicators that are significant for low-cost PMSs. Thus, this paper investigates the possible defects that may occur in flexible pavements as well as the relationships between different defects. A detailed literature review was conducted to identify all possible defects in flexible pavements and key features considered PMSs. A questionnaire was designed to seek expert opinions on the defects and their possible relationships for a low-cost PMS. The data were collected from 283 experts currently working in pavement management authorities and pavement maintenance schemes. Aggregated mean score, box plotting, and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data. It is concluded that bumps/sags (3.17) are major def...

Two forms of motivating hypotheses have been posited by psychologists. Motivation is broken into ... more Two forms of motivating hypotheses have been posited by psychologists. Motivation is broken into two forms by dualistic theories: inherent and extrinsic. The attainment of an instrumental purpose relates to Extrinsic Motivation. It has been observed that Extrinsic motivation has been a topic of research interest of the researchers due to the significance of the term. Therefore, this paper evaluates the research output on extrinsic motivation since 1960 in different fields using the Scopus database. The data were collected from the Scopus database and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to analyze the research trends on extrinsic motivation. It is concluded that extrinsic motivation has been a topic of researchers' focus since 1960 but higher attempts are made after 2005. Most of the researchers prefer journal article publications and only 2% are in the press, whereas all other articles are already published. Most of the publications are published in the English language and the researcher from the field of Psychology and Social Science is publishing the most on extrinsic motivation. This paper will assist the junior researchers to find the gap and design their future research on extrinsic motivation as this paper compiles the database of the last six decades available on Scopus.

Applied Sciences

This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road emban... more This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road embankments with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). The emphasis of this study was to investigate and back-analyse the ratio of horizontal permeability in an undisturbed area to a smeared zone, which affects the behaviour of vertical drains. Two models of PVDs in soft ground were developed by utilising a plane strain 2D numerical approach based on the equivalent permeability. Suggestions for the improvement of numerical accuracy of the soft ground beneath road embankments have been made in regards to the obtained results. The employment of the equivalent horizontal permeability in numerical analysis produced significantly similar results to those of the measured values. Furthermore, a smear effect permeability ratio of 300 produced a considerably accurate result with a model based on the equivalent horizontal permeability and measured data. Lastly, the smear effect ratio of 6 using the equ...

Applied Sciences

This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road emban... more This article provides a comparative knowledge of predicted and measured settlements of road embankments with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). The emphasis of this study was to investigate and back-analyse the ratio of horizontal permeability in an undisturbed area to a smeared zone, which affects the behaviour of vertical drains. Two models of PVDs in soft ground were developed by utilising a plane strain 2D numerical approach based on the equivalent permeability. Suggestions for the improvement of numerical accuracy of the soft ground beneath road embankments have been made in regards to the obtained results. The employment of the equivalent horizontal permeability in numerical analysis produced significantly similar results to those of the measured values. Furthermore, a smear effect permeability ratio of 300 produced a considerably accurate result with a model based on the equivalent horizontal permeability and measured data. Lastly, the smear effect ratio of 6 using the equ...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fis... more The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy has its own share of benefits & challenges in particular groups. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the benefits & challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction industry. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the possible benefits and key challenges to better fiscal policy. In later stage, a set of questionnaire was prepared using the identified factors. The data was collected from construction industry professionals with experience on fiscal policy management. The data was analysed by aggregated average mean using SPSS. The factor ranks were made on the higher values of aggregated mean value. The study concludes that the main hurdles to better fiscal policy are import/export restrictions, delays in land/plot permits/licenses, and currency fluctuations, as well as government subsidies on construction materials. Similarly, the to...

Interactive comment on the manuscript "Alluvial record of an early Eocene hyperthermal, Castissen... more Interactive comment on the manuscript "Alluvial record of an early Eocene hyperthermal, Castissent Formation, Pyrenees, Spain" by Louis Honegger et al, Louis Honegger et al claim to have located for the first time in a terrestrial succession the late Ypresian hyperthermal event coded "U", specifically within the Castissent Formation, a well-known alluvial-fluviatile unit of the southern Pyrenees. Their claim is based on a stable carbon isotope profile obtained from pedogenic carbonate nodules of a single section (Chiriveta). Their study, if correct, is potentially important, because to fully understand the effects of hyperthermals events their impacts on different settings need to be investigated. Howevr, although they might be correct in their claim, I am not entirely convinced that the fact presented in the manuscript incontrovertibly demonstrate that this is the case. Besides, some items of the manuscript are, in my C1 CPD

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021

Public sector client marks contractor selection decisions on technical and financial bid consider... more Public sector client marks contractor selection decisions on technical and financial bid considerations where efficient use of public resources is never unheeded. A plethora of past studies has developed two-stage models; however, continuous assessment of contractors is disregarded, and the models compromise on the discontinuous progression that partially recognizes the prominence of the technical stage in the selection process. This research aims to develop a novel automated two-stage continuous decision model for contractors’ assessment and selection where each contractor would be assessed on corresponding performance assessment grading levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) assimilated with MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) employed to assess the model criteria, whereas, criteria assessment stage is developed using a novel hybrid combination of SMART (Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique), which in turn entails the EFA-MACBETH-SMART triplet-combination. The model encompasses extensive model criteria; thus, 76 model criteria were investigated and evaluated. Final selection of a contractor is proposed on technical bid/financial bid ratio mechanisms based on performance levels such as RT/F: 80/20; 75/25; 70/30; 65/35; and 60/40. A hypothetical case is encompassed to portray the operational mechanism of the automated assessment system. Findings from the model unveil that continuous progression of technical assessment stage in final selection make justice with the highly qualified contractors, and the likelihood of project success increases. The developed model further conclude that technically highest bidders may be awarded the contract if additionally offers a feasible bid. The developed model preserves the concept of efficient use of public resources alongside supporting the technically highest bidders.

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021

Abstract This paper describes the optimization of synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer (FAGP) fo... more Abstract This paper describes the optimization of synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer (FAGP) for removing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) using response surface methodology (RSM) by varying the synthesis parameters of silica to alumina (Si/Al), sodium to alumina (Na/Al) and water to solid (W/S) ratios with the adsorption capacity as the response. The geopolymer samples were designed, synthesized, characterized, used for removing SDBS surfactant, and regenerated. Surface area and pore size analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, phase analysis, and microstructural analysis confirmed the synthesis of mesoporous and amorphous geopolymers with the presence of pores, cavities and rods in the geopolymer structure. Geopolymer sample synthesized with the composition of Si/Al-2.87, Na/Al-1.0 and W/S-0.35 (FAGP-2) achieved maximum surface area of 59.512 m2/g and displayed the highest adsorption capacity of 743.706 mg/g and removal efficiency of 84.5%. The ANOVA analysis showed a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.952, F-value of 22.27, and p value of 0.05 which indicated the significance of the model and lack of fit was non-significant which showed good fitting of the experimental data to the quadratic model with 95% confidence level. The proposed geopolymer composition of Si/Al-2.353, Na/Al-1.056, and W/S-0.339 achieved adsorption capacity of 730.212 mg/g which is 99% similar to the predicted adsorption capacity. Thermal method successfully regenerated SDBS adsorbed geopolymer with only 13.8% loss of adsorption capacity after five cycles of regeneration. The adsorption capacity of optimized geopolymer is higher than other adsorbents such as cross-linked chitosan films, commercial activated carbon, surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and others used for removing SDBS surfactant and only amino crosslinked chitosan microspheres (ACCMs) has higher adsorption capacity than geopolymer. This shows that geopolymer can also be effectively used to adsorb SDBS surfactant from wastewater.

International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2020

This research aims to evaluate the level of postsecondary student satisfaction with online learni... more This research aims to evaluate the level of postsecondary student satisfaction with online learning platforms and learning experiences during the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This paper is based on the premise of transformative learning theories [1], which describe the learners’ authority and investment over their learning. Quantitative research was carried out using a survey that was sent out to 283 students enrolled at one higher education institution in KSA. These data were analyzed using SPSS. Average Mean Score (AMS) was used for data analysis, where the results are validated using the Standard Deviation (SD), Skewness and Kurtosis test, and Cronbach Alpha test. The research findings revealed that the students are satisfied with the university staff and faculty members who agreed on specific online platforms to use, grading system, assessment options, training workshops, online technical support, and more. The research findings also ...

Open Chemistry Journal, 2019

Background: Organotin(IV) derivatives have appeared recently as potential biologically active met... more Background: Organotin(IV) derivatives have appeared recently as potential biologically active metallopharmaceuticals exhibiting a variety of therapeutic activities. Hence, it is important to study the synthesis of new organotin compounds with low toxicity that may be of pharmacological interest. Objectives: This study focuses on the synthesis of new bis-stannylated derivatives with C2 symmetry that could be tested as antifungal agents against two clinical important fungal species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. Methods: The radical addition of triorganotin hydrides (R3SnH) and diorganotin chlorohydrides (R2ClSnH) to bis-α,β-unsaturated diesters derived from (S)-BINOL led to the corresponding new bis-stannylated derivatives with C2 symmetry. Nine pure organotin compounds were synthesized with defined stereochemistry. Four of them were enantiomerically pure and four were diastereoisomeric mixtures. Results: All new organotin compounds were fully characterized, those wit...

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2015

An efficient, green, and atom economic methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of C 2 symme... more An efficient, green, and atom economic methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of C 2 symmetry (3R,4R)-TTFOL diester derivatives has been developed. The procedure occurs through a (2R,3R)-TADDOL dioxolane cleavage and rearrangement under mild conditions by its reaction with a carboxylic acid in the presence of TFAA/H 3 PO 4 without the need for an inert atmosphere to give generally high yields.

Sustainability

Floods have been reported to be an important disaster in any country and Malaysia has faced simil... more Floods have been reported to be an important disaster in any country and Malaysia has faced similar disasters in the past, resulting in disturbance in daily community routine issues, financial losses, infrastructure damage including railway tracks, bridges, roads, vehicles, properties, and the worst is the loss of lives. The Sarawak region of Malaysia also witnesses yearly disasters in rainy seasons. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible challenges to manage the flood disaster in Sarawak and to identify the possible solutions to manage floods. In this research, secondary data was used for qualitative assessment. The newspaper articles were collected from the year 2015 until 2019. Targeted interviews were conducted with experts working in flood management disaster schemes to rank and validate the most important factors after content analysis from the past news reports. It is concluded that poor drainage systems, rapid development, heavy rainfall, lack of public awarene...

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

Integration management has always been a topic of interest for researchers. It plays a significan... more Integration management has always been a topic of interest for researchers. It plays a significant role in the success of the projects. Integration management effectively incorporates all the aspects of projects and provides a roadmap towards their success. Based on the significance of the term, this paper assesses the research output of integration management since 1970 in different fields of the application using the Scopus database. The data was collected and analyzed through Microsoft Excel to analyze the research publications trend line, publication types and their access to the audience, organizations and countries involved, languages of publications, authors participating, and their respective field of research in relation to integration management. This paper will assist the researcher of this area to observe the research trends on the integration management topic as per the Scopus database until 2021.

Elementary Education Online, 2021

Sustainability, 2022

Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of t... more Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of the world economy. Airports spend huge sums annually to maintain and improve pavement functions by expanding the runways, taxiways, and aprons, and perform routine maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavements. Besides the traditional direct costs, a comprehensive airport pavement management system should also consider indirect costs such as fuel, crew, passenger delay, aircraft maintenance, and loss of airport revenue when conducting a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Engineers, managers, and stakeholders can make better decisions on the appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies by performing economic analyses of the direct and indirect costs. This study performed probabilistic and deterministic LCCA to contrast the effect of direct costs vis-a-vis indirect costs in airport pavement management. A case study found that indirect costs could contribute up to ...

Sustainability, 2022

Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffi... more Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffic. There is a dearth of studies on the scheduling of airport pavement maintenance and the importance of assessing the different scheduling strategies using Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). An analysis of the cost–benefit study of a delay in maintenance alternatives should be done to determine whether a one-year delay is beneficial. This study concerns airport pavement management systems and the significance of a delay in several maintenance and preservation strategies depending on the analysis of inputs and outputs based on data from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport in Jefferson County, United States. Herein, four preventive maintenance strategies were reviewed: three of the strategies involve crack treatment, namely crack sealing, patching, and a slurry seal, while the review of surface treatment only looks at the overlay method, which is done based on two Pavement Condition Indi...

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014

It has been observed that the construction industry is one of the notorious industry having highe... more It has been observed that the construction industry is one of the notorious industry having higher rate of fatalities and injuries. Resulting in higher financial losses and work hour losses, which are normally faced by this industry due to occuptional accidents. Construction industry has the highest occupational accidents rate recorded throughout the world after agriculture industry. The construction work site is often a busy place having an incredibly high account of activities taking place, where everyone is moving in frenzy having particular task assigned. In such an environment, occupational accidents do occur. This paper gives information about different types of occupational accidents & their causes in the construction industry of Pakistan. A survey has been carried out to identify the types of occupational accidents often occur at construction site. The impact of each occupational accident has also been identified. The input from the different stakeholders involved on the wor...