Svend Kreiner - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Svend Kreiner
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 9, 2022
PLOS ONE, Jul 31, 2012
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney dise... more Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS) in hypertension causes differential effects on central and brachial blood pressure (BP), which has been translated into improved outcome. The objective was to examine if a more complete inhibition of RAS by combining an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and an angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) compared to monotherapy has an additive effect on central BP and pulse-wave velocity (PWV), which are known markers of CVD. Methods: Sixty-seven CKD patients (mean GFR 30, range 13-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2) participated in an open randomized study of 16 weeks of monotherapy with either enalapril or candesartan followed by 8 weeks of dual blockade aiming at a total dose of 16 mg candesartan and 20 mg enalapril o.d. Pulse-wave measurements were performed at week 0, 8, 16 and 24 by the SphygmoCor device. Results: Significant additive BP independent reductions were found after dual blockade in aortic PWV (20.3 m/s, P,0.05) and in augmentation index (22%, P,0.01) compared to monotherapy. Furthermore pulse pressure amplification was improved (P,0.05) and central systolic BP reduced (26 mmHg, P,0.01). Conclusions: Dual blockade of the RAS resulted in an additive BP independent reduction in pulse-wave reflection and arterial stiffness compared to monotherapy in CKD patients.
PubMed, 2015
Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test sco... more Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test score. One requirement of both validity and objectivity is that items do not show evidence of differential item functioning (DIF). A number of procedures exist for the assessment of DIF including those based on analysis of contingency tables by Mantel-Haenszel tests and partial gamma coefficients. The aim of this paper is to illustrate Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP) for analysis of DIF relative to a variable defining a very large number of groups, with an unclear ordering with respect to the DIF effect. We propose a single step procedure controlling the false discovery rate for DIF detection. The procedure applies for both dichotomous and polytomous items. In addition to providing evidence against a hypothesis of no DIF, the procedure also provides information on subset of groups that are homogeneous with respect to the DIF effect. A stepwise MCP procedure for this purpose is also introduced.
PubMed, Jun 24, 2002
Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depressio... more Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depression based on observations in the ward and one that can be administered by the nursing staff. Materials and methods: Based on a literature survey and existing depression rating scales, a new rating scale was developed especially suited for use in inpatient care. The patients were rated simultaneously with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Estimation of construct validity, criterion validity, and item bias was performed with Rasch analysis and analysis of correlation. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the scale consisted of two sub-scales for mood and behaviour. One item had to be omitted as it was not homogeneous with either of the two sub-scales. Discussion: The present depression rating scales rely on ward observations of patients during admission. This might be the reason why the items concerning behaviour are so strongly represented in this scale. Good correlations were found between the different scales, except for the score on BDI and the sub-scale concerning behaviour. This may be explained by the fact that the BDI is the patient's own judgement of cognitive function and mood. The observations in the ward are to a greater extent built on observation of patient behaviour. It can be used routinely on the psychiatric ward.
PubMed, 2012
Conditional pairwise estimates parameters in Rasch models separate inference on item parameters f... more Conditional pairwise estimates parameters in Rasch models separate inference on item parameters from inference on person parameters. Pairwise item parameter estimates are consistent when sample size approaches infinity, but adds an extra random error to estimation compared to conditional maximum likelihood estimates. Pairwise estimates of person parameters are easily calculated, but can rarely be assumed to be consistent since the number of items is often small and the properties of the estimates generally unknown. This note gives results from a study of conditional pairwise estimation of person parameters and suggests a modification of the estimate that takes care of some of the error.
PubMed, 2011
The Revised Danish Learning Styles Inventory (R-D-LSI) (Nielsen 2005), which is an adaptation of ... more The Revised Danish Learning Styles Inventory (R-D-LSI) (Nielsen 2005), which is an adaptation of Sternberg-Wagner Thinking Styles Inventory (Sternberg, 1997), comprises 14 subscales, each measuring a separate learning style. Of these 14 subscales, 9 are eight items long and 5 are seven items long. For self-assessment, self-scoring and self-interpretational purposes it is deemed prudent that subscales measuring comparable constructs are of the same item length. Consequently, in order to obtain a self-assessment version of the R-D-LSI with an equal number of items in each subscale, a systematic approach to item reduction based on results of graphical loglinear Rasch modeling (GLLRM) was designed. This approach was then used to reduce the number of items in the subscales of the R-D-LSI which had an item-length of more than seven items, thereby obtaining the Danish Self-Assessment Learning Styles Inventory (D-SA-LSI) comprising 14 subscales each with an item length of seven. The systematic approach to item reduction based on results of GLLRM will be presented and exemplified by its application to the R-D-LSI.
PubMed, Oct 4, 1993
The incidence of Crohn's disease was assessed in a population based study in Copenhagen County fr... more The incidence of Crohn's disease was assessed in a population based study in Copenhagen County from 1962-1987. The incidence increased six fold during the study period from 0.62/10(5) in 1962 to a mean of 4.1/10(5) from 1979-1987, equally in both sexes. The highest incidence was found in the age group 15-24 years: 12.8/10(5) for women and 6.0/10(5) for men (as mean of the period 1979-1987). The prevalence at the end of the study was 54/10(5). The clinical symptoms and extent of disease at diagnosis did not change over the time, but a significantly higher disease activity was found in the 1980's, 74% (1962-1979) vs 84% (1980-1987), p = 0.04. The increase in incidence of Crohn's disease is well established in most parts of the industrialized world. The analysis shows that it is not due to a new disease entity, since the extent of disease, the age and sex distribution, and the symptoms remained unchanged during the 26 year study period.
Applied Psychological Measurement, Jul 1, 2006
Mixed Rasch models add latent classes to conventional Rasch models, assuming that the Rasch model... more Mixed Rasch models add latent classes to conventional Rasch models, assuming that the Rasch model applies within each class and that relative difficulties of items are different in two or more latent classes. This article considers a family of stochastically ordered mixed Rasch models, with ordinal latent classes characterized by increasing total scoresacrossclasses, and discusses different approaches to item analysis by these models. The analysis by stochastically ordered mixed Rasch models is illustrated both on simulated data and on part of the data collected during development of a new Danish cognitive test called Children's Problem Solving (CHIPS). The main purpose of the analysis of responses to CHIPS items was to validate this theory by disclosure of evidence confirming that item responses fit a stochastically ordered mixed Rasch model but not a conventional Rasch model.
PubMed, Oct 1, 1986
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of diabetes care on the incidence and cours... more The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of diabetes care on the incidence and course of clinical nephropathy in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. After hospitalization at a diabetes care unit within 15 yr after diabetes onset, 246 patients were followed at the care unit, whereas 395 patients were non-attenders. The 2 groups were comparable with regard to age and calendar year at diagnosis, insulin dose and body weight. After 40 yr of diabetes duration the cumulative incidence of persistent proteinuria was significantly lower among patients treated at the unit (31.9% vs 44.8%, p less than 0.003). The median survival after onset of persistent proteinuria was significantly longer among patients followed at the diabetes care unit (p less than 0.003). Among patients not developing diabetic nephropathy, no difference in survival was found between the 2 groups, since 72% of the patients in each group survived 40 yr with Type 1 diabetes. It is concluded that patient care seems to be highly important for the incidence and the course of clinical nephropathy, whereas no such influence could be demonstrated in patients not developing clinical nephropathy.
Journal of Applied Statistics, Apr 9, 2015
Graphical models are useful to detect multivariate association structures in terms of conditional... more Graphical models are useful to detect multivariate association structures in terms of conditional independencies and to represent these structures in a graph. When fitting graphical models to multivariate data, the uncertainty of a selected graphical model cannot be directly assessed. In this paper, we therefore propose various descriptive measures to assess the uncertainty of a graphical model based on the nonparametric bootstrap. We also introduce a so-called mean graphical model. Simulations and one real data example illustrate the application and interpretation of the newly proposed measures and demonstrate that the mean graphical model performs better than a single selected graphical model.
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2020
Functioning is what matters most to people with chronic health conditions, such as stroke or rheu... more Functioning is what matters most to people with chronic health conditions, such as stroke or rheumatoid arthritis. While medical signs and symptoms related to these health conditions may vary widely, research has shown that people may experience similar problems with func tioning. Therefore, being able to monitor and compare functioning over time is essential for the planning and allocation of rehabilitation. This study provides evi dence that a common measure can be created, based on a single general disability instrument and 2 health conditionspecific instruments. For clinical practice this implies that standardized reporting of functioning can be achieved based on a common measure, while data collection can continue using the commonly used and established instruments. Objectives: To develop a common reference metric of functioning, incorporating generic and health condition-specific disability instruments, and to test whether this reference metric is invariant across 2 health conditions. Design: Psychometric study using secondary data analysis. Firstly, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Linking Rules were used to examine the concept equivalence between the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM TM). Secondly, a scale-bank was developed using a reference metric approach to test-equating, based on the Rasch measurement model. Participants: Secondary analysis was performed on data from 487 people; 61.4% with rheumatoid arthritis and 38.6% with stroke. Results: Three sub-domains of the WHODAS 2.0 and all items of the HAQ and FIM TM motor mapped on to the ICF chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life. Test-equating of these scales resulted in good model fit, indicating that a scale bank and associated reference metric across these 3 instruments could be created. Conclusion: This study provides a transformation table to enable direct comparisons among instruments measuring physical functioning commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (HAQ) and stroke (FIM TM motor scale), as well as in people with disability in general (WHODAS 2.0).
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Jan 29, 2009
Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobilitv after J stroke Eng... more Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobilitv after J stroke Engberg A, Garde B, Kreiner S. Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobility after stroke.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, Mar 1, 2000
Purpose: Based on a very large patient cohort followed prospectively for at least a year or until... more Purpose: Based on a very large patient cohort followed prospectively for at least a year or until death, we analyzed the prognostic significance of various clinical and radiological variables on posttreatment ambulatory function and survival. Methods and Materials: During a 3 1 ⁄2-year period we prospectively included 153 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of spinal cord compression due to metastatic disease. The patients were followed with regular neurological examinations by the same neurologist for a minimum period of 11 months or until death. The prognostic significance of five variables on gait function and survival time after treatment was analyzed. Results: The type of the primary tumor had a direct influence on the interval between the diagnosis of the primary malignancy and the occurrence of spinal cord compression (p < 0.0005), and on the ambulatory function at time of diagnosis (p ؍ 0.016). There was a clear correlation between the degree of myelographic blockage and gait function (p ؍ 0.000) and between gait function and sensory disturbances (p ؍ 0.000). The final gait was dependent on the gait function at time of diagnosis (p < 0.0005). Survival time after diagnosis depended directly on the time from primary tumor diagnosis until spinal cord compression (p ؍ 0.002), on the ambulatory function at the time of diagnosis (p ؍ 0.018), and on the ambulatory function after treatment. Conclusions: The pretreatment ambulatory function is the main determinant for posttreatment gait function. Survival time is rather short, especially in nonambulatory patients, and can only be improved by restoration of gait function in nonambulatory patients by immediate treatment.
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1991
The incidence of ulcerative colitis was estimated during the period 1962 to 1987 in the county of... more The incidence of ulcerative colitis was estimated during the period 1962 to 1987 in the county of Copenhagen. Within this area of approximately 550,000 inhabitants, 1161 patients were diagnosed. The mean annual incidence for the period was 8.1 per 105 inhabitants. ...
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1992
Munkholm P, Langholz E, Nielsen OH, Kreiner S, Binder V. Incidence and prevalence of Crohn&am... more Munkholm P, Langholz E, Nielsen OH, Kreiner S, Binder V. Incidence and prevalence of Crohn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s disease in the county of Copenhagen, 1962-87: a sixfold increase in incidence. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 609-614. The incidence of Crohn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s disease increased ...
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 9, 2022
PLOS ONE, Jul 31, 2012
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney dise... more Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS) in hypertension causes differential effects on central and brachial blood pressure (BP), which has been translated into improved outcome. The objective was to examine if a more complete inhibition of RAS by combining an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and an angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) compared to monotherapy has an additive effect on central BP and pulse-wave velocity (PWV), which are known markers of CVD. Methods: Sixty-seven CKD patients (mean GFR 30, range 13-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2) participated in an open randomized study of 16 weeks of monotherapy with either enalapril or candesartan followed by 8 weeks of dual blockade aiming at a total dose of 16 mg candesartan and 20 mg enalapril o.d. Pulse-wave measurements were performed at week 0, 8, 16 and 24 by the SphygmoCor device. Results: Significant additive BP independent reductions were found after dual blockade in aortic PWV (20.3 m/s, P,0.05) and in augmentation index (22%, P,0.01) compared to monotherapy. Furthermore pulse pressure amplification was improved (P,0.05) and central systolic BP reduced (26 mmHg, P,0.01). Conclusions: Dual blockade of the RAS resulted in an additive BP independent reduction in pulse-wave reflection and arterial stiffness compared to monotherapy in CKD patients.
PubMed, 2015
Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test sco... more Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test score. One requirement of both validity and objectivity is that items do not show evidence of differential item functioning (DIF). A number of procedures exist for the assessment of DIF including those based on analysis of contingency tables by Mantel-Haenszel tests and partial gamma coefficients. The aim of this paper is to illustrate Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP) for analysis of DIF relative to a variable defining a very large number of groups, with an unclear ordering with respect to the DIF effect. We propose a single step procedure controlling the false discovery rate for DIF detection. The procedure applies for both dichotomous and polytomous items. In addition to providing evidence against a hypothesis of no DIF, the procedure also provides information on subset of groups that are homogeneous with respect to the DIF effect. A stepwise MCP procedure for this purpose is also introduced.
PubMed, Jun 24, 2002
Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depressio... more Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depression based on observations in the ward and one that can be administered by the nursing staff. Materials and methods: Based on a literature survey and existing depression rating scales, a new rating scale was developed especially suited for use in inpatient care. The patients were rated simultaneously with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Estimation of construct validity, criterion validity, and item bias was performed with Rasch analysis and analysis of correlation. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the scale consisted of two sub-scales for mood and behaviour. One item had to be omitted as it was not homogeneous with either of the two sub-scales. Discussion: The present depression rating scales rely on ward observations of patients during admission. This might be the reason why the items concerning behaviour are so strongly represented in this scale. Good correlations were found between the different scales, except for the score on BDI and the sub-scale concerning behaviour. This may be explained by the fact that the BDI is the patient's own judgement of cognitive function and mood. The observations in the ward are to a greater extent built on observation of patient behaviour. It can be used routinely on the psychiatric ward.
PubMed, 2012
Conditional pairwise estimates parameters in Rasch models separate inference on item parameters f... more Conditional pairwise estimates parameters in Rasch models separate inference on item parameters from inference on person parameters. Pairwise item parameter estimates are consistent when sample size approaches infinity, but adds an extra random error to estimation compared to conditional maximum likelihood estimates. Pairwise estimates of person parameters are easily calculated, but can rarely be assumed to be consistent since the number of items is often small and the properties of the estimates generally unknown. This note gives results from a study of conditional pairwise estimation of person parameters and suggests a modification of the estimate that takes care of some of the error.
PubMed, 2011
The Revised Danish Learning Styles Inventory (R-D-LSI) (Nielsen 2005), which is an adaptation of ... more The Revised Danish Learning Styles Inventory (R-D-LSI) (Nielsen 2005), which is an adaptation of Sternberg-Wagner Thinking Styles Inventory (Sternberg, 1997), comprises 14 subscales, each measuring a separate learning style. Of these 14 subscales, 9 are eight items long and 5 are seven items long. For self-assessment, self-scoring and self-interpretational purposes it is deemed prudent that subscales measuring comparable constructs are of the same item length. Consequently, in order to obtain a self-assessment version of the R-D-LSI with an equal number of items in each subscale, a systematic approach to item reduction based on results of graphical loglinear Rasch modeling (GLLRM) was designed. This approach was then used to reduce the number of items in the subscales of the R-D-LSI which had an item-length of more than seven items, thereby obtaining the Danish Self-Assessment Learning Styles Inventory (D-SA-LSI) comprising 14 subscales each with an item length of seven. The systematic approach to item reduction based on results of GLLRM will be presented and exemplified by its application to the R-D-LSI.
PubMed, Oct 4, 1993
The incidence of Crohn's disease was assessed in a population based study in Copenhagen County fr... more The incidence of Crohn's disease was assessed in a population based study in Copenhagen County from 1962-1987. The incidence increased six fold during the study period from 0.62/10(5) in 1962 to a mean of 4.1/10(5) from 1979-1987, equally in both sexes. The highest incidence was found in the age group 15-24 years: 12.8/10(5) for women and 6.0/10(5) for men (as mean of the period 1979-1987). The prevalence at the end of the study was 54/10(5). The clinical symptoms and extent of disease at diagnosis did not change over the time, but a significantly higher disease activity was found in the 1980's, 74% (1962-1979) vs 84% (1980-1987), p = 0.04. The increase in incidence of Crohn's disease is well established in most parts of the industrialized world. The analysis shows that it is not due to a new disease entity, since the extent of disease, the age and sex distribution, and the symptoms remained unchanged during the 26 year study period.
Applied Psychological Measurement, Jul 1, 2006
Mixed Rasch models add latent classes to conventional Rasch models, assuming that the Rasch model... more Mixed Rasch models add latent classes to conventional Rasch models, assuming that the Rasch model applies within each class and that relative difficulties of items are different in two or more latent classes. This article considers a family of stochastically ordered mixed Rasch models, with ordinal latent classes characterized by increasing total scoresacrossclasses, and discusses different approaches to item analysis by these models. The analysis by stochastically ordered mixed Rasch models is illustrated both on simulated data and on part of the data collected during development of a new Danish cognitive test called Children's Problem Solving (CHIPS). The main purpose of the analysis of responses to CHIPS items was to validate this theory by disclosure of evidence confirming that item responses fit a stochastically ordered mixed Rasch model but not a conventional Rasch model.
PubMed, Oct 1, 1986
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of diabetes care on the incidence and cours... more The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of diabetes care on the incidence and course of clinical nephropathy in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. After hospitalization at a diabetes care unit within 15 yr after diabetes onset, 246 patients were followed at the care unit, whereas 395 patients were non-attenders. The 2 groups were comparable with regard to age and calendar year at diagnosis, insulin dose and body weight. After 40 yr of diabetes duration the cumulative incidence of persistent proteinuria was significantly lower among patients treated at the unit (31.9% vs 44.8%, p less than 0.003). The median survival after onset of persistent proteinuria was significantly longer among patients followed at the diabetes care unit (p less than 0.003). Among patients not developing diabetic nephropathy, no difference in survival was found between the 2 groups, since 72% of the patients in each group survived 40 yr with Type 1 diabetes. It is concluded that patient care seems to be highly important for the incidence and the course of clinical nephropathy, whereas no such influence could be demonstrated in patients not developing clinical nephropathy.
Journal of Applied Statistics, Apr 9, 2015
Graphical models are useful to detect multivariate association structures in terms of conditional... more Graphical models are useful to detect multivariate association structures in terms of conditional independencies and to represent these structures in a graph. When fitting graphical models to multivariate data, the uncertainty of a selected graphical model cannot be directly assessed. In this paper, we therefore propose various descriptive measures to assess the uncertainty of a graphical model based on the nonparametric bootstrap. We also introduce a so-called mean graphical model. Simulations and one real data example illustrate the application and interpretation of the newly proposed measures and demonstrate that the mean graphical model performs better than a single selected graphical model.
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2020
Functioning is what matters most to people with chronic health conditions, such as stroke or rheu... more Functioning is what matters most to people with chronic health conditions, such as stroke or rheumatoid arthritis. While medical signs and symptoms related to these health conditions may vary widely, research has shown that people may experience similar problems with func tioning. Therefore, being able to monitor and compare functioning over time is essential for the planning and allocation of rehabilitation. This study provides evi dence that a common measure can be created, based on a single general disability instrument and 2 health conditionspecific instruments. For clinical practice this implies that standardized reporting of functioning can be achieved based on a common measure, while data collection can continue using the commonly used and established instruments. Objectives: To develop a common reference metric of functioning, incorporating generic and health condition-specific disability instruments, and to test whether this reference metric is invariant across 2 health conditions. Design: Psychometric study using secondary data analysis. Firstly, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Linking Rules were used to examine the concept equivalence between the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM TM). Secondly, a scale-bank was developed using a reference metric approach to test-equating, based on the Rasch measurement model. Participants: Secondary analysis was performed on data from 487 people; 61.4% with rheumatoid arthritis and 38.6% with stroke. Results: Three sub-domains of the WHODAS 2.0 and all items of the HAQ and FIM TM motor mapped on to the ICF chapters d4 Mobility, d5 Self-care and d6 Domestic life. Test-equating of these scales resulted in good model fit, indicating that a scale bank and associated reference metric across these 3 instruments could be created. Conclusion: This study provides a transformation table to enable direct comparisons among instruments measuring physical functioning commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (HAQ) and stroke (FIM TM motor scale), as well as in people with disability in general (WHODAS 2.0).
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Jan 29, 2009
Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobilitv after J stroke Eng... more Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobilitv after J stroke Engberg A, Garde B, Kreiner S. Rasch analysis in the development of a rating scale for assessment of mobility after stroke.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, Mar 1, 2000
Purpose: Based on a very large patient cohort followed prospectively for at least a year or until... more Purpose: Based on a very large patient cohort followed prospectively for at least a year or until death, we analyzed the prognostic significance of various clinical and radiological variables on posttreatment ambulatory function and survival. Methods and Materials: During a 3 1 ⁄2-year period we prospectively included 153 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of spinal cord compression due to metastatic disease. The patients were followed with regular neurological examinations by the same neurologist for a minimum period of 11 months or until death. The prognostic significance of five variables on gait function and survival time after treatment was analyzed. Results: The type of the primary tumor had a direct influence on the interval between the diagnosis of the primary malignancy and the occurrence of spinal cord compression (p < 0.0005), and on the ambulatory function at time of diagnosis (p ؍ 0.016). There was a clear correlation between the degree of myelographic blockage and gait function (p ؍ 0.000) and between gait function and sensory disturbances (p ؍ 0.000). The final gait was dependent on the gait function at time of diagnosis (p < 0.0005). Survival time after diagnosis depended directly on the time from primary tumor diagnosis until spinal cord compression (p ؍ 0.002), on the ambulatory function at the time of diagnosis (p ؍ 0.018), and on the ambulatory function after treatment. Conclusions: The pretreatment ambulatory function is the main determinant for posttreatment gait function. Survival time is rather short, especially in nonambulatory patients, and can only be improved by restoration of gait function in nonambulatory patients by immediate treatment.
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1991
The incidence of ulcerative colitis was estimated during the period 1962 to 1987 in the county of... more The incidence of ulcerative colitis was estimated during the period 1962 to 1987 in the county of Copenhagen. Within this area of approximately 550,000 inhabitants, 1161 patients were diagnosed. The mean annual incidence for the period was 8.1 per 105 inhabitants. ...
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1992
Munkholm P, Langholz E, Nielsen OH, Kreiner S, Binder V. Incidence and prevalence of Crohn&am... more Munkholm P, Langholz E, Nielsen OH, Kreiner S, Binder V. Incidence and prevalence of Crohn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s disease in the county of Copenhagen, 1962-87: a sixfold increase in incidence. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 609-614. The incidence of Crohn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s disease increased ...