Svend Kreiner - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Svend Kreiner
European journal of public health, Oct 16, 2008
Background: The purpose was to examine the association between aspects of alienation and symptom ... more Background: The purpose was to examine the association between aspects of alienation and symptom load among adolescents. Furthermore an integrated purpose was to construct and validate an index of alienation. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 5205 school children aged 11-15 years from a random sample of schools in Denmark were used. Data stems from the Danish contribution to the cross-national study Health and Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Alienation was measured with a new index fulfilling four criteria: (i) theoretical foundation, (ii) inter-correlation between items, (iii) correlation between each of the index's items and the outcomes and (iv) no differential item functioning. The final index included three indicators of alienation: helplessness, feeling left out of things and lack of confidentiality with parents. Symptom load was measured by HBSC Symptom Checklist and divided into physical and psychological symptoms respectively. High symptom load was defined as experiencing at least one symptom on a daily basis. Results: The odds-ratio (OR) for high symptom load increased with the degree of alienation. For students with all three indicators of alienation, the OR for high physical symptom load was 2.49 (1.05-5.87). The OR for high psychological symptom load for the corresponding degree of alienation was 6. 50 (3.11-13.56). Conclusion: The index of alienation fulfilled psychometric criteria for scalability. Furthermore the analyses showed a graded and significant association between alienation and high symptom load. This suggests alienation to be taken into account in future health interventions among adolescents. In school settings this may be done using principles of empowerment.
Validity and objectivity: Reflections on the role and nature of Rasch models
Nordic Psychology, 2007
This paper discusses a number of methodological issues related to item analysis by Rasch models i... more This paper discusses a number of methodological issues related to item analysis by Rasch models including the relationships between objectivity as defined by Rasch and the different ways construct validity is defined in psychometrics. To reconcile the different definitions of validity, the IRT models have to be extended to include exogenous variables in addition to items. One such family of extended models referred to as graphical IRT models is described. Graphical Rasch models are special cases of a graphical IRT model characterized by both objectivity and construct validity. Finally, a family of models called graphical loglinear Rasch models is described. Measurement by items from such models is neither valid nor objective according to formal psychometric definitions. The paper argues, however, that measurement is essentially valid and objective and that it is preferable to retain all items to preserve reliability rather than eliminate items to obtain measurements satisfying all the requirements of validity and objectivity.
Questionnaire of Functional Ability
PsycTESTS Dataset, 1992
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Oct 1, 1993
A new measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), which is able to discriminate am... more A new measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), which is able to discriminate among the large group of elderly who do not depend on help, was tested for content validity and construct validity. Most assessments of functional ability include Physical ADL (PADL) and Instrumental ADL (IADL). PADL-scales assess the basic capacity of persons to care for themselves. IADL-scales are used to assess somewhat higher levels of performance, such as the ability to perform household chores or go shopping. Data were collected from 734 70-year-old people in Denmark in the county of Copenhagen. The measure of Instrumental ADL included 30 activities in relation to tiredness and reduced speed. Construct validity was tested by the Rasch model for item analysis; internal validity was specifically addressed by assessing the homogeneity of items under different conditions. The Rasch item analysis of IADL showed that 14 items could be combined into two qualitatively different additive scales. The IADL-measure complies with demands for content validity, distinguishes between what the elderly actually do, and what they are capable of doing, and is a good discriminator among the group of elderly persons who do not depend on help. It is also possible to add the items in a valid way. However, to obtain valid IADL-scales, we omitted items that were highly relevant to especially elderly women, such as house-work items. We conclude that the criteria employed for this IADL-measure are somewhat contradictory.
Comment to the article: Discriminating between consensual intercourse and sexual assault: Genital-anal injury pattern in females
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Jul 1, 2021
h~ Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease in
Objective?To investigate long term changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholest... more Objective?To investigate long term changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and in measures of other risk factors for coronary heart disease and to assess their importance for the development of coronary heart disease in Scottish men.
Factors influencing graft survival. A statistical analysis
PubMed, 1981
[Dialysis and transplantation in the treatment of 36 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and terminal uremia]
PubMed, Mar 25, 1985
[Reproducibility of electrocardiographic interpretation in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. A controlled study of the effect of a training trial]
PubMed, Jan 3, 1994
We examined the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation in interpretatio... more We examined the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation in interpretation of electrocardiography in suspected myocardial infarction. Sixteen doctors with 6-24 months of clinical training in internal medicine read serial electrocardiographic recordings in 107 patients and assessed whether signs indicative of acute myocardial infarction were present. There was disagreement in approximately 70% of cases. Eight of the doctors were randomly allocated to attend an eight hour long intensive course on interpretation of electrocardiography in myocardial infarction. The remaining eight participants were allocated to a control group, received no training, and were not told about the subject of the study. All the doctors then reviewed another series of electrocardiographic recordings. No difference was found in the level of agreement within the two groups before and after the training programme, or between the two groups before and after the training. The raters' ability to discriminate between electrocardiograms with a high and low indication of infarction remained unaffected. We conclude that the training programme did not increase agreement regarding the interpretation of electrocardiographic data in suspected myocardial infarction. Our results suggest that the diagnostic approach of physicians is established at a very early stage in their clinical training. The effect of training programmes should be evaluated by the use of randomized clinical studies.
Journal of Internal Medicine, Apr 1, 1992
Interpretation of the electrocardiogram in suspected myocardial infarction : a randomized control... more Interpretation of the electrocardiogram in suspected myocardial infarction : a randomized controlled study of the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation.
Social-Emotional Assessment/Evaluation Measure--Research Edition; Danish Version
PsycTESTS Dataset, 2019
The Early Functional Abilities-revised may bridge the gap between the disorder of consciousness and the functional independence scales: evidence from Rasch analysis
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 9, 2022
PLOS ONE, Jul 31, 2012
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney dise... more Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS) in hypertension causes differential effects on central and brachial blood pressure (BP), which has been translated into improved outcome. The objective was to examine if a more complete inhibition of RAS by combining an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and an angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) compared to monotherapy has an additive effect on central BP and pulse-wave velocity (PWV), which are known markers of CVD. Methods: Sixty-seven CKD patients (mean GFR 30, range 13-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2) participated in an open randomized study of 16 weeks of monotherapy with either enalapril or candesartan followed by 8 weeks of dual blockade aiming at a total dose of 16 mg candesartan and 20 mg enalapril o.d. Pulse-wave measurements were performed at week 0, 8, 16 and 24 by the SphygmoCor device. Results: Significant additive BP independent reductions were found after dual blockade in aortic PWV (20.3 m/s, P,0.05) and in augmentation index (22%, P,0.01) compared to monotherapy. Furthermore pulse pressure amplification was improved (P,0.05) and central systolic BP reduced (26 mmHg, P,0.01). Conclusions: Dual blockade of the RAS resulted in an additive BP independent reduction in pulse-wave reflection and arterial stiffness compared to monotherapy in CKD patients.
No effect of adding local infusion analgesia administrated through a catheter in pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized double-blind and placebo controlled clinical trial in 60 patients
Differential item functioning analysis by applying multiple comparison procedures
PubMed, 2015
Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test sco... more Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test score. One requirement of both validity and objectivity is that items do not show evidence of differential item functioning (DIF). A number of procedures exist for the assessment of DIF including those based on analysis of contingency tables by Mantel-Haenszel tests and partial gamma coefficients. The aim of this paper is to illustrate Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP) for analysis of DIF relative to a variable defining a very large number of groups, with an unclear ordering with respect to the DIF effect. We propose a single step procedure controlling the false discovery rate for DIF detection. The procedure applies for both dichotomous and polytomous items. In addition to providing evidence against a hypothesis of no DIF, the procedure also provides information on subset of groups that are homogeneous with respect to the DIF effect. A stepwise MCP procedure for this purpose is also introduced.
[The long-term prognosis in ulcerative colitis. Results from a regional patient group in the county of Copenhagen]
PubMed, Jan 21, 1985
[The prognosis in Crohn's disease. Results from a regional patient group in the county of Copenhagen]
PubMed, Jan 21, 1985
[A depression rating scale for the ward]
PubMed, Jun 24, 2002
Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depressio... more Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depression based on observations in the ward and one that can be administered by the nursing staff. Materials and methods: Based on a literature survey and existing depression rating scales, a new rating scale was developed especially suited for use in inpatient care. The patients were rated simultaneously with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Estimation of construct validity, criterion validity, and item bias was performed with Rasch analysis and analysis of correlation. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the scale consisted of two sub-scales for mood and behaviour. One item had to be omitted as it was not homogeneous with either of the two sub-scales. Discussion: The present depression rating scales rely on ward observations of patients during admission. This might be the reason why the items concerning behaviour are so strongly represented in this scale. Good correlations were found between the different scales, except for the score on BDI and the sub-scale concerning behaviour. This may be explained by the fact that the BDI is the patient's own judgement of cognitive function and mood. The observations in the ward are to a greater extent built on observation of patient behaviour. It can be used routinely on the psychiatric ward.
European journal of public health, Oct 16, 2008
Background: The purpose was to examine the association between aspects of alienation and symptom ... more Background: The purpose was to examine the association between aspects of alienation and symptom load among adolescents. Furthermore an integrated purpose was to construct and validate an index of alienation. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 5205 school children aged 11-15 years from a random sample of schools in Denmark were used. Data stems from the Danish contribution to the cross-national study Health and Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Alienation was measured with a new index fulfilling four criteria: (i) theoretical foundation, (ii) inter-correlation between items, (iii) correlation between each of the index's items and the outcomes and (iv) no differential item functioning. The final index included three indicators of alienation: helplessness, feeling left out of things and lack of confidentiality with parents. Symptom load was measured by HBSC Symptom Checklist and divided into physical and psychological symptoms respectively. High symptom load was defined as experiencing at least one symptom on a daily basis. Results: The odds-ratio (OR) for high symptom load increased with the degree of alienation. For students with all three indicators of alienation, the OR for high physical symptom load was 2.49 (1.05-5.87). The OR for high psychological symptom load for the corresponding degree of alienation was 6. 50 (3.11-13.56). Conclusion: The index of alienation fulfilled psychometric criteria for scalability. Furthermore the analyses showed a graded and significant association between alienation and high symptom load. This suggests alienation to be taken into account in future health interventions among adolescents. In school settings this may be done using principles of empowerment.
Validity and objectivity: Reflections on the role and nature of Rasch models
Nordic Psychology, 2007
This paper discusses a number of methodological issues related to item analysis by Rasch models i... more This paper discusses a number of methodological issues related to item analysis by Rasch models including the relationships between objectivity as defined by Rasch and the different ways construct validity is defined in psychometrics. To reconcile the different definitions of validity, the IRT models have to be extended to include exogenous variables in addition to items. One such family of extended models referred to as graphical IRT models is described. Graphical Rasch models are special cases of a graphical IRT model characterized by both objectivity and construct validity. Finally, a family of models called graphical loglinear Rasch models is described. Measurement by items from such models is neither valid nor objective according to formal psychometric definitions. The paper argues, however, that measurement is essentially valid and objective and that it is preferable to retain all items to preserve reliability rather than eliminate items to obtain measurements satisfying all the requirements of validity and objectivity.
Questionnaire of Functional Ability
PsycTESTS Dataset, 1992
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Oct 1, 1993
A new measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), which is able to discriminate am... more A new measure of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), which is able to discriminate among the large group of elderly who do not depend on help, was tested for content validity and construct validity. Most assessments of functional ability include Physical ADL (PADL) and Instrumental ADL (IADL). PADL-scales assess the basic capacity of persons to care for themselves. IADL-scales are used to assess somewhat higher levels of performance, such as the ability to perform household chores or go shopping. Data were collected from 734 70-year-old people in Denmark in the county of Copenhagen. The measure of Instrumental ADL included 30 activities in relation to tiredness and reduced speed. Construct validity was tested by the Rasch model for item analysis; internal validity was specifically addressed by assessing the homogeneity of items under different conditions. The Rasch item analysis of IADL showed that 14 items could be combined into two qualitatively different additive scales. The IADL-measure complies with demands for content validity, distinguishes between what the elderly actually do, and what they are capable of doing, and is a good discriminator among the group of elderly persons who do not depend on help. It is also possible to add the items in a valid way. However, to obtain valid IADL-scales, we omitted items that were highly relevant to especially elderly women, such as house-work items. We conclude that the criteria employed for this IADL-measure are somewhat contradictory.
Comment to the article: Discriminating between consensual intercourse and sexual assault: Genital-anal injury pattern in females
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Jul 1, 2021
h~ Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease in
Objective?To investigate long term changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholest... more Objective?To investigate long term changes in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and in measures of other risk factors for coronary heart disease and to assess their importance for the development of coronary heart disease in Scottish men.
Factors influencing graft survival. A statistical analysis
PubMed, 1981
[Dialysis and transplantation in the treatment of 36 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and terminal uremia]
PubMed, Mar 25, 1985
[Reproducibility of electrocardiographic interpretation in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. A controlled study of the effect of a training trial]
PubMed, Jan 3, 1994
We examined the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation in interpretatio... more We examined the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation in interpretation of electrocardiography in suspected myocardial infarction. Sixteen doctors with 6-24 months of clinical training in internal medicine read serial electrocardiographic recordings in 107 patients and assessed whether signs indicative of acute myocardial infarction were present. There was disagreement in approximately 70% of cases. Eight of the doctors were randomly allocated to attend an eight hour long intensive course on interpretation of electrocardiography in myocardial infarction. The remaining eight participants were allocated to a control group, received no training, and were not told about the subject of the study. All the doctors then reviewed another series of electrocardiographic recordings. No difference was found in the level of agreement within the two groups before and after the training programme, or between the two groups before and after the training. The raters' ability to discriminate between electrocardiograms with a high and low indication of infarction remained unaffected. We conclude that the training programme did not increase agreement regarding the interpretation of electrocardiographic data in suspected myocardial infarction. Our results suggest that the diagnostic approach of physicians is established at a very early stage in their clinical training. The effect of training programmes should be evaluated by the use of randomized clinical studies.
Journal of Internal Medicine, Apr 1, 1992
Interpretation of the electrocardiogram in suspected myocardial infarction : a randomized control... more Interpretation of the electrocardiogram in suspected myocardial infarction : a randomized controlled study of the effect of a training programme to reduce interobserver variation.
Social-Emotional Assessment/Evaluation Measure--Research Edition; Danish Version
PsycTESTS Dataset, 2019
The Early Functional Abilities-revised may bridge the gap between the disorder of consciousness and the functional independence scales: evidence from Rasch analysis
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Oct 9, 2022
PLOS ONE, Jul 31, 2012
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney dise... more Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS) in hypertension causes differential effects on central and brachial blood pressure (BP), which has been translated into improved outcome. The objective was to examine if a more complete inhibition of RAS by combining an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and an angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB) compared to monotherapy has an additive effect on central BP and pulse-wave velocity (PWV), which are known markers of CVD. Methods: Sixty-seven CKD patients (mean GFR 30, range 13-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2) participated in an open randomized study of 16 weeks of monotherapy with either enalapril or candesartan followed by 8 weeks of dual blockade aiming at a total dose of 16 mg candesartan and 20 mg enalapril o.d. Pulse-wave measurements were performed at week 0, 8, 16 and 24 by the SphygmoCor device. Results: Significant additive BP independent reductions were found after dual blockade in aortic PWV (20.3 m/s, P,0.05) and in augmentation index (22%, P,0.01) compared to monotherapy. Furthermore pulse pressure amplification was improved (P,0.05) and central systolic BP reduced (26 mmHg, P,0.01). Conclusions: Dual blockade of the RAS resulted in an additive BP independent reduction in pulse-wave reflection and arterial stiffness compared to monotherapy in CKD patients.
No effect of adding local infusion analgesia administrated through a catheter in pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized double-blind and placebo controlled clinical trial in 60 patients
Differential item functioning analysis by applying multiple comparison procedures
PubMed, 2015
Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test sco... more Analysis within a Rasch measurement framework aims at development of valid and objective test score. One requirement of both validity and objectivity is that items do not show evidence of differential item functioning (DIF). A number of procedures exist for the assessment of DIF including those based on analysis of contingency tables by Mantel-Haenszel tests and partial gamma coefficients. The aim of this paper is to illustrate Multiple Comparison Procedures (MCP) for analysis of DIF relative to a variable defining a very large number of groups, with an unclear ordering with respect to the DIF effect. We propose a single step procedure controlling the false discovery rate for DIF detection. The procedure applies for both dichotomous and polytomous items. In addition to providing evidence against a hypothesis of no DIF, the procedure also provides information on subset of groups that are homogeneous with respect to the DIF effect. A stepwise MCP procedure for this purpose is also introduced.
[The long-term prognosis in ulcerative colitis. Results from a regional patient group in the county of Copenhagen]
PubMed, Jan 21, 1985
[The prognosis in Crohn's disease. Results from a regional patient group in the county of Copenhagen]
PubMed, Jan 21, 1985
[A depression rating scale for the ward]
PubMed, Jun 24, 2002
Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depressio... more Background: The aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative rating scale for depression based on observations in the ward and one that can be administered by the nursing staff. Materials and methods: Based on a literature survey and existing depression rating scales, a new rating scale was developed especially suited for use in inpatient care. The patients were rated simultaneously with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Estimation of construct validity, criterion validity, and item bias was performed with Rasch analysis and analysis of correlation. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the scale consisted of two sub-scales for mood and behaviour. One item had to be omitted as it was not homogeneous with either of the two sub-scales. Discussion: The present depression rating scales rely on ward observations of patients during admission. This might be the reason why the items concerning behaviour are so strongly represented in this scale. Good correlations were found between the different scales, except for the score on BDI and the sub-scale concerning behaviour. This may be explained by the fact that the BDI is the patient's own judgement of cognitive function and mood. The observations in the ward are to a greater extent built on observation of patient behaviour. It can be used routinely on the psychiatric ward.