Syed Mubashar Hussain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Syed Mubashar Hussain
— The design’s purpose is to count backwards from a user defined time, which could be employed... more — The design’s purpose is to count backwards from a user defined time, which could be employed to notify the user after that specific amount of time has passed. VHDL code for the design includes an implementation of both combinational and synchronous circuitry. The design includes 5 counters: two modulo-6 counters, two BCD counters, and one generic counter. The BCD and modulo-6 counters count back from the entered time when their enable input is high. In order for the BCD and modulo-6 counters to update every second, a generic counter was used to slow the master clock signal, providing a signal that would enable of the BCD and modulo-6 counters every second. A serializer was also used to display different values on the seven-segment displays. Additionally, a series of 13 switches serve as the time input, allowing a user to set the amount of time from which the circuit counts down. Finally, a reset and load button were used to reset the display, and to load the user’s desired time...
International Econometric Review, 2020
This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-ofthe-art... more This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-ofthe-art Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can guarantee more than the risk-free rate of return or not. For this purpose, the direction of S&P 500 Index returns on every 6th day (SPYRETDIR6) and magnitude of S&P 500 Index daily returns (SPYMAG) were predicted on a broad selection of independent variables using various ML techniques. Using five consecutive data spans of equal length, GBM was found to provide highest prediction accuracy on SPYRETDIR6, consistently. In terms of magnitude prediction of daily returns (SPYMAG), Random Forest results indicated that there is a very high correlation between actual/predicted values of SPY. Based on these results, Trading Strategy #1 (using SPYRETDIR6 predictions) and Trading Strategy #2 (using SPYMAG predictions) were developed and tested against a simple Buy & Hold benchmark of the same index. It was found that Trading Strategy #1 provides negative returns on all data spans, while Trading Strategy #2 has positive returns on average when data is separated into consecutive data spans. None of the trading strategies have a positive Sharpe ratio on average, but Trading Strategy #2 is almost as profitable as investing in T-bills using the risk-free rate.
Antibiotics, 2020
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an... more Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an increasing antibiotic resistance pattern, which requires the development of novel antimicrobials capable of controlling ST. Polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts are strong candidates as alternative antimicrobials, particularly phenolic acids such as gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA). This study evaluates the effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting ST growth while determining changes to the outer membrane through fluorescent dye uptake and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to measuring alterations to virulence genes with qRT-PCR. Results showed antimicrobial potential for all compounds, significantly inhibiting the detectable growth of ST. Fluorescent spectrophotometry and microscopy detected an increase in relative fluorescent intensity (RFI) and red-colored bacteria over time, suggesting membrane permeabilization. SEM revea...
The Pakistan Development Review, 1995
Realising productivity gains in agriculture is an important challenge for Pakistan. With a fast-g... more Realising productivity gains in agriculture is an important challenge for Pakistan. With a fast-growing population (3.1 percent per year), it is difficult for the economy to meet domestic food requirements. Like most less developed countries, yields of most crops in Pakistan are lower than the yields realised by researchers in on-farm experiments conducted in the farmers’ fields. The average yield gap between the farmers’ current yields and what would be profitable and feasible, given existing technology, is reported to be 30 to 40 percent [Byerlee (1987)]. Byerlee (1987), however, suggests that there is a potential for increasing productivity in most of the irrigated areas of Pakistan through the use of new inputs and a more efficient use of the existing inputs to exploit the genetic potential of the existing varieties. He argues that the wide array of new inputs vastly increases the complexity of crop management.1 The technical skills required to use the new inputs efficiently are...
THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2014
This article identifies constraints and barriers to growth for small firms in Pakistan, a survey ... more This article identifies constraints and barriers to growth for small firms in Pakistan, a survey of the existing literature and through in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of firms in two important SME sectors, that is electrical fans and sporting goods. Policy recommendations for the SME sector include addressing problems in contract enforcement (such through alternative dispute settlement mechanisms), promoting R & D through linkages with academia locally and research institutions globally, simplifying of the tax regime to encourage transparency, resolving the energy crisis and rationalize power tariffs, increasing the availability of credit to SMEs (allowing alternative forms of collateral). In addition, more detailed recommendations specific to the fan and sporting goods sectors are also offered.
Economics Letters, 2016
In evaluating an economic model with Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR), the Cogley-Nason-S... more In evaluating an economic model with Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR), the Cogley-Nason-Sims (CNS) approach compares impulse responses estimated from empirical data with those obtained from the identical SVAR run on model generated data. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, this paper examines small sample performance of the CNS approach.
Journal of Materials Sciences and Technology, May 29, 2012
Nanostructured Mg-Ni alloy with the particle size in the range of 40-50 nm was synthesized by the... more Nanostructured Mg-Ni alloy with the particle size in the range of 40-50 nm was synthesized by the thermal decomposition of bipyridyl complexes of Mg and Ni metals at 773 K for 24 h under dry argon gas ambient. The as-prepared nano-alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for compositional and structural analysis. The alloy exhibited superior hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior with 3.2 wt% absorption within 1 min at 573 K and about 3 wt% desorption within 5-10 min at 573 K. This favorable behavior of Mg-Ni compound for the hydrogen storage is due to the specific nanostructure of the material. The low activation energy values and favorable thermodynamics indicate that the prepared Mg-Ni alloy is an attracting material for hydrogen storage applications.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 1995
17th IEEE International Multi Topic Conference 2014, 2014
Owing to their extensive use and waste presence in different procedures and processes, induction ... more Owing to their extensive use and waste presence in different procedures and processes, induction machines are rightly called as the work horses of the industry. Adequate and timely maintenance, fault finding and repair of these machines is a mandatory requirement for efficient working. In literature, extensive work has been presented exploring induction machine faults their symptoms and remedies. Broken rotor bar is one of the highly investigated. Due to the complexity involved in observing this fault, indirect methods to detect its presence are employed. Simulation is a modern tool to analyze machines under different operating conditions. However, in case of a faulty machine, model becomes different as compares to the normal mode. In this paper a three phase induction machine model is presented having broken rotor bars. Moreover, comparative analysis is performed between faulty and healthy case. An easy to comprehend model of an induction motor in abc frame is described to understand the parametric change of a faulty model of an induction motor. The implementation of both healthy and faulty model is done using Matlab/Simulink software. First, the healthy motor is simulated and then the results of faulty motor are compared with the healthy motor to understand the change in response of faulty and healthy motor. Consideration is on broken rotor bar fault but other faults like bearing fault, phase imbalance and mechanical faults can also occur because of broken rotor bar. As the motor is the backbone of the process of an industry a short time shut down of a plant is avoided, the method proposed can be helpful in understanding the current and frequency response of an induction motor which can be use to avoid breakdown maintenance.
Gastroenterology Research, 2012
Elmer This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribut... more Elmer This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Tropical Doctor, 2007
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of TB. Although drug resistance in TB patients has incr... more Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of TB. Although drug resistance in TB patients has increased worldwide, there is limited information on drug resistance in miliary TB. This study from Pakistan evaluated drug susceptibility pattern among miliary TB patients of a high TB-burden country. All adult patients with miliary TB, admitted between 1994 and 2001, were identified using a computerized database. Culture-positive isolates were evaluated for drug susceptibility using middle brook 7H10 agar according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratories Standard criteria. Of 110 patients diagnosed with miliary TB, 32 (30%) were culture positive (yielding 35 culture isolates). The sources of positive cultures were sputum (37%), cerebrospinal fluid (18%), lymph nodes (12%), bone marrow (9%), bronchial wash (9%), urine (6%), lungs (6%) and liver (3%). Isoniazid resistance was found in three (9%) isolates. All the isolates were sensitive to rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and str...
What are the main impediments to investment and industrial productivity in Punjab which have cont... more What are the main impediments to investment and industrial productivity in Punjab which have contributed to this unprecedented decline in growth? This is done by analyzing the 2007 Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) data at the level of the seven main industrial zones of Punjab. The World Bank report based on this data had analyzed the impediments and constraints to productivity
World Journal of Pediatrics, 2010
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in injury mortality in children aged ... more Background: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in injury mortality in children aged 0-18 years in the State of Qatar. No such study has been conducted previously in Qatar. Methods: Univariate statistical analysis was used in this retrospective descriptive study. A total of 2934 children aged 0-18 years who died due to injuries in the period of 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2007 were studied. Results: The leading causes of death were road traffic injuries (RTIs) (71.3%), drowning (9.3%) and accidental falls (6.0%). Injury death rates were higher in citizens (57.7%) than in non-citizens (42.3%). The children of 15-18 years old had the highest frequency of injury deaths (34.4%), followed by children of 10-14 years old (21.3%). The mortality rate of RTI per 100 000 population increased remarkably in the year 2005 compared to previous years. Conclusions: The present study suggests that RTI is a major cause of childhood death. Injury mortality is higher in boys than in girls. During the period of 1993-2007, there was a dramatic increase in childhood mortality caused by RTI. This study highlights the burden of RTI caused mortalities in children, which requires immediate action.
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 2014
Objectives: Cisplatin is the key systemic chemotherapeutic agent used for bladder cancer, but che... more Objectives: Cisplatin is the key systemic chemotherapeutic agent used for bladder cancer, but chemoresistance is a major clinical problem. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates various critical cellular processes, including cellular antioxidant response, cellular detoxification, and drug uptake/efflux. These processes, and the expression of multiple Nrf2 target genes, have been found to be associated with bladder cancer prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. We, therefore, investigated whether Nrf2 might regulate cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Materials and methods: We first used bladder cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant RT112 subline (RT112-CP), to investigate Nrf2 expression and activation and its association with cisplatin response. We then undertook immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of archival bladder cancer radical cystectomy specimens to test the relevance of clinical Nrf2 expression to outcomes following either neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy or cystectomy alone. Results: Bladder cancer cell lines showed variable Nrf2 expression. Nrf2 expression was greater in RT112-CP cisplatin-resistant cells compared with that in parental RT112 cells. Nrf2 overexpression was functional in this model as it was associated with increased antioxidant response element reporter construct activity, Nrf2 target gene expression (metallothionein and glutathione reductase), and basal glutathione levels. Cisplatin resistance was associated with Nrf2 expression, and in RT112-CP cells, its depletion partially restored cisplatin sensitivity. We demonstrated increased cytoplasmic or nuclear Nrf2 expression or both in 32% of clinical bladder cancer samples compared with that in normal tissue samples. Expression of Nrf2 in bladder cancer following radical cystectomy was associated with unfavorable overall (median ¼ 0.65 vs. 2.11 y, P ¼ 0.045), bladder cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival in those patients who also received neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy but not in those treated with cystectomy alone. Conclusions: Nrf2 overexpression in bladder cancer is associated with clinically relevant cisplatin resistance that is reversible in experimental models and should now be tested in prospective studies.
Tectonophysics, 1999
... Permissions & Reprints. Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic event... more ... Permissions & Reprints. Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic events in the Shillong Plateau, India. BS Sukhija * , MN Rao, DV Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Syed Hussain, RK Chadha and HK Gupta. National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India ...
Southern Medical Journal, 2010
Background: Little is known about why physicians prescribe inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis... more Background: Little is known about why physicians prescribe inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) among nonintensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients without supporting evidence. This study seeks to understand which factors influence physician prescribing behavior regarding SUP. Design: We designed a cross sectional web-based survey to assess physiciansЈ knowledge, beliefs, and behavior surrounding the prescribing of SUP for non-ICU patients. The survey was emailed to internal medicine residents and hospitalists at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Clinically relevant bivariable associations were examined in logistic regression to determine whether these associations remained after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results: Sixty-nine percent of physicians reported prescribing SUP to Ն25% of patients. In multivariable analyses, the following factors were associated with higher level of prescribing (Ն25%) of SUP: fear of gastrointestinal bleeding (OR ϭ 2.7, 95% CI 1.07, 7.28) and of the legal repercussions of not prescribing SUP (OR ϭ 3.02, 95% CI 1.07, 8.56), whereas knowledge of SUP indications (OR ϭ 0.39, 95% CI 0.20, 0.74) and concern about side effects (OR ϭ 0.24, 95% CI 0.09, 0.61) were associated with low prescribing behavior. Level of training was not associated with prescribing rate. Less than half of respondents were able to identify a single side effect of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: Fear of legal repercussions and ignorance of the side effects of acid suppressive therapy were strongly associated with inappropriate prescribing of SUP. Educating physicians about the adverse effects of acid suppression therapy and about existing national guidelines might reduce inappropriate prescribing.
Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 2005
British groups have long favored a more conservative approach to the management of invasive bladd... more British groups have long favored a more conservative approach to the management of invasive bladder cancer. They have been involved in several randomized trials looking at the efficacy of these approaches and have also been leaders in the study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article documents the concerns that linger over the efficacy and morbidity of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and describes a national trial investigating a potentially less morbid 5FU and mitomycin alternative.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1998
The reactions of bimetallic clusters of osmium and ruthenium with heterocyclic ligands containing... more The reactions of bimetallic clusters of osmium and ruthenium with heterocyclic ligands containing nitrogen [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] or sulphur [11, 12, 13] as heteroatoms have extensively been studied because of their relevance to modelling the industrially important ...
Journal of Hydrology, 1996
... Hydrol. Sci. J., 29(2): 177 189. Gupta, CP, Thangarajan, M., Gurunadha Rao, VVS, Sharma, MRK,... more ... Hydrol. Sci. J., 29(2): 177 189. Gupta, CP, Thangarajan, M., Gurunadha Rao, VVS, Sharma, MRK, Ramachandra, YM, Singh, VS and Sankaran, S., 1986. ... 305320. Rangarajan, R., Muralidharan, D., Deshmukh, SD, Hodlur, GK, Murthy, NN and Gangadhara Rao, T., 1987. ...
— The design’s purpose is to count backwards from a user defined time, which could be employed... more — The design’s purpose is to count backwards from a user defined time, which could be employed to notify the user after that specific amount of time has passed. VHDL code for the design includes an implementation of both combinational and synchronous circuitry. The design includes 5 counters: two modulo-6 counters, two BCD counters, and one generic counter. The BCD and modulo-6 counters count back from the entered time when their enable input is high. In order for the BCD and modulo-6 counters to update every second, a generic counter was used to slow the master clock signal, providing a signal that would enable of the BCD and modulo-6 counters every second. A serializer was also used to display different values on the seven-segment displays. Additionally, a series of 13 switches serve as the time input, allowing a user to set the amount of time from which the circuit counts down. Finally, a reset and load button were used to reset the display, and to load the user’s desired time...
International Econometric Review, 2020
This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-ofthe-art... more This research aims at exploring whether simple trading strategies developed using state-ofthe-art Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can guarantee more than the risk-free rate of return or not. For this purpose, the direction of S&P 500 Index returns on every 6th day (SPYRETDIR6) and magnitude of S&P 500 Index daily returns (SPYMAG) were predicted on a broad selection of independent variables using various ML techniques. Using five consecutive data spans of equal length, GBM was found to provide highest prediction accuracy on SPYRETDIR6, consistently. In terms of magnitude prediction of daily returns (SPYMAG), Random Forest results indicated that there is a very high correlation between actual/predicted values of SPY. Based on these results, Trading Strategy #1 (using SPYRETDIR6 predictions) and Trading Strategy #2 (using SPYMAG predictions) were developed and tested against a simple Buy & Hold benchmark of the same index. It was found that Trading Strategy #1 provides negative returns on all data spans, while Trading Strategy #2 has positive returns on average when data is separated into consecutive data spans. None of the trading strategies have a positive Sharpe ratio on average, but Trading Strategy #2 is almost as profitable as investing in T-bills using the risk-free rate.
Antibiotics, 2020
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an... more Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) remains a major infectious agent in the USA, with an increasing antibiotic resistance pattern, which requires the development of novel antimicrobials capable of controlling ST. Polyphenolic compounds found in plant extracts are strong candidates as alternative antimicrobials, particularly phenolic acids such as gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA) and vanillic acid (VA). This study evaluates the effectiveness of these compounds in inhibiting ST growth while determining changes to the outer membrane through fluorescent dye uptake and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to measuring alterations to virulence genes with qRT-PCR. Results showed antimicrobial potential for all compounds, significantly inhibiting the detectable growth of ST. Fluorescent spectrophotometry and microscopy detected an increase in relative fluorescent intensity (RFI) and red-colored bacteria over time, suggesting membrane permeabilization. SEM revea...
The Pakistan Development Review, 1995
Realising productivity gains in agriculture is an important challenge for Pakistan. With a fast-g... more Realising productivity gains in agriculture is an important challenge for Pakistan. With a fast-growing population (3.1 percent per year), it is difficult for the economy to meet domestic food requirements. Like most less developed countries, yields of most crops in Pakistan are lower than the yields realised by researchers in on-farm experiments conducted in the farmers’ fields. The average yield gap between the farmers’ current yields and what would be profitable and feasible, given existing technology, is reported to be 30 to 40 percent [Byerlee (1987)]. Byerlee (1987), however, suggests that there is a potential for increasing productivity in most of the irrigated areas of Pakistan through the use of new inputs and a more efficient use of the existing inputs to exploit the genetic potential of the existing varieties. He argues that the wide array of new inputs vastly increases the complexity of crop management.1 The technical skills required to use the new inputs efficiently are...
THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2014
This article identifies constraints and barriers to growth for small firms in Pakistan, a survey ... more This article identifies constraints and barriers to growth for small firms in Pakistan, a survey of the existing literature and through in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of firms in two important SME sectors, that is electrical fans and sporting goods. Policy recommendations for the SME sector include addressing problems in contract enforcement (such through alternative dispute settlement mechanisms), promoting R & D through linkages with academia locally and research institutions globally, simplifying of the tax regime to encourage transparency, resolving the energy crisis and rationalize power tariffs, increasing the availability of credit to SMEs (allowing alternative forms of collateral). In addition, more detailed recommendations specific to the fan and sporting goods sectors are also offered.
Economics Letters, 2016
In evaluating an economic model with Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR), the Cogley-Nason-S... more In evaluating an economic model with Structural Vector Auto-Regression (SVAR), the Cogley-Nason-Sims (CNS) approach compares impulse responses estimated from empirical data with those obtained from the identical SVAR run on model generated data. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, this paper examines small sample performance of the CNS approach.
Journal of Materials Sciences and Technology, May 29, 2012
Nanostructured Mg-Ni alloy with the particle size in the range of 40-50 nm was synthesized by the... more Nanostructured Mg-Ni alloy with the particle size in the range of 40-50 nm was synthesized by the thermal decomposition of bipyridyl complexes of Mg and Ni metals at 773 K for 24 h under dry argon gas ambient. The as-prepared nano-alloy was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for compositional and structural analysis. The alloy exhibited superior hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior with 3.2 wt% absorption within 1 min at 573 K and about 3 wt% desorption within 5-10 min at 573 K. This favorable behavior of Mg-Ni compound for the hydrogen storage is due to the specific nanostructure of the material. The low activation energy values and favorable thermodynamics indicate that the prepared Mg-Ni alloy is an attracting material for hydrogen storage applications.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 1995
17th IEEE International Multi Topic Conference 2014, 2014
Owing to their extensive use and waste presence in different procedures and processes, induction ... more Owing to their extensive use and waste presence in different procedures and processes, induction machines are rightly called as the work horses of the industry. Adequate and timely maintenance, fault finding and repair of these machines is a mandatory requirement for efficient working. In literature, extensive work has been presented exploring induction machine faults their symptoms and remedies. Broken rotor bar is one of the highly investigated. Due to the complexity involved in observing this fault, indirect methods to detect its presence are employed. Simulation is a modern tool to analyze machines under different operating conditions. However, in case of a faulty machine, model becomes different as compares to the normal mode. In this paper a three phase induction machine model is presented having broken rotor bars. Moreover, comparative analysis is performed between faulty and healthy case. An easy to comprehend model of an induction motor in abc frame is described to understand the parametric change of a faulty model of an induction motor. The implementation of both healthy and faulty model is done using Matlab/Simulink software. First, the healthy motor is simulated and then the results of faulty motor are compared with the healthy motor to understand the change in response of faulty and healthy motor. Consideration is on broken rotor bar fault but other faults like bearing fault, phase imbalance and mechanical faults can also occur because of broken rotor bar. As the motor is the backbone of the process of an industry a short time shut down of a plant is avoided, the method proposed can be helpful in understanding the current and frequency response of an induction motor which can be use to avoid breakdown maintenance.
Gastroenterology Research, 2012
Elmer This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribut... more Elmer This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Tropical Doctor, 2007
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of TB. Although drug resistance in TB patients has incr... more Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal form of TB. Although drug resistance in TB patients has increased worldwide, there is limited information on drug resistance in miliary TB. This study from Pakistan evaluated drug susceptibility pattern among miliary TB patients of a high TB-burden country. All adult patients with miliary TB, admitted between 1994 and 2001, were identified using a computerized database. Culture-positive isolates were evaluated for drug susceptibility using middle brook 7H10 agar according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratories Standard criteria. Of 110 patients diagnosed with miliary TB, 32 (30%) were culture positive (yielding 35 culture isolates). The sources of positive cultures were sputum (37%), cerebrospinal fluid (18%), lymph nodes (12%), bone marrow (9%), bronchial wash (9%), urine (6%), lungs (6%) and liver (3%). Isoniazid resistance was found in three (9%) isolates. All the isolates were sensitive to rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and str...
What are the main impediments to investment and industrial productivity in Punjab which have cont... more What are the main impediments to investment and industrial productivity in Punjab which have contributed to this unprecedented decline in growth? This is done by analyzing the 2007 Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) data at the level of the seven main industrial zones of Punjab. The World Bank report based on this data had analyzed the impediments and constraints to productivity
World Journal of Pediatrics, 2010
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in injury mortality in children aged ... more Background: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in injury mortality in children aged 0-18 years in the State of Qatar. No such study has been conducted previously in Qatar. Methods: Univariate statistical analysis was used in this retrospective descriptive study. A total of 2934 children aged 0-18 years who died due to injuries in the period of 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2007 were studied. Results: The leading causes of death were road traffic injuries (RTIs) (71.3%), drowning (9.3%) and accidental falls (6.0%). Injury death rates were higher in citizens (57.7%) than in non-citizens (42.3%). The children of 15-18 years old had the highest frequency of injury deaths (34.4%), followed by children of 10-14 years old (21.3%). The mortality rate of RTI per 100 000 population increased remarkably in the year 2005 compared to previous years. Conclusions: The present study suggests that RTI is a major cause of childhood death. Injury mortality is higher in boys than in girls. During the period of 1993-2007, there was a dramatic increase in childhood mortality caused by RTI. This study highlights the burden of RTI caused mortalities in children, which requires immediate action.
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 2014
Objectives: Cisplatin is the key systemic chemotherapeutic agent used for bladder cancer, but che... more Objectives: Cisplatin is the key systemic chemotherapeutic agent used for bladder cancer, but chemoresistance is a major clinical problem. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates various critical cellular processes, including cellular antioxidant response, cellular detoxification, and drug uptake/efflux. These processes, and the expression of multiple Nrf2 target genes, have been found to be associated with bladder cancer prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. We, therefore, investigated whether Nrf2 might regulate cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Materials and methods: We first used bladder cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant RT112 subline (RT112-CP), to investigate Nrf2 expression and activation and its association with cisplatin response. We then undertook immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of archival bladder cancer radical cystectomy specimens to test the relevance of clinical Nrf2 expression to outcomes following either neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy or cystectomy alone. Results: Bladder cancer cell lines showed variable Nrf2 expression. Nrf2 expression was greater in RT112-CP cisplatin-resistant cells compared with that in parental RT112 cells. Nrf2 overexpression was functional in this model as it was associated with increased antioxidant response element reporter construct activity, Nrf2 target gene expression (metallothionein and glutathione reductase), and basal glutathione levels. Cisplatin resistance was associated with Nrf2 expression, and in RT112-CP cells, its depletion partially restored cisplatin sensitivity. We demonstrated increased cytoplasmic or nuclear Nrf2 expression or both in 32% of clinical bladder cancer samples compared with that in normal tissue samples. Expression of Nrf2 in bladder cancer following radical cystectomy was associated with unfavorable overall (median ¼ 0.65 vs. 2.11 y, P ¼ 0.045), bladder cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival in those patients who also received neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy but not in those treated with cystectomy alone. Conclusions: Nrf2 overexpression in bladder cancer is associated with clinically relevant cisplatin resistance that is reversible in experimental models and should now be tested in prospective studies.
Tectonophysics, 1999
... Permissions & Reprints. Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic event... more ... Permissions & Reprints. Timing and return period of major palaeoseismic events in the Shillong Plateau, India. BS Sukhija * , MN Rao, DV Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Syed Hussain, RK Chadha and HK Gupta. National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India ...
Southern Medical Journal, 2010
Background: Little is known about why physicians prescribe inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis... more Background: Little is known about why physicians prescribe inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) among nonintensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients without supporting evidence. This study seeks to understand which factors influence physician prescribing behavior regarding SUP. Design: We designed a cross sectional web-based survey to assess physiciansЈ knowledge, beliefs, and behavior surrounding the prescribing of SUP for non-ICU patients. The survey was emailed to internal medicine residents and hospitalists at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Clinically relevant bivariable associations were examined in logistic regression to determine whether these associations remained after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results: Sixty-nine percent of physicians reported prescribing SUP to Ն25% of patients. In multivariable analyses, the following factors were associated with higher level of prescribing (Ն25%) of SUP: fear of gastrointestinal bleeding (OR ϭ 2.7, 95% CI 1.07, 7.28) and of the legal repercussions of not prescribing SUP (OR ϭ 3.02, 95% CI 1.07, 8.56), whereas knowledge of SUP indications (OR ϭ 0.39, 95% CI 0.20, 0.74) and concern about side effects (OR ϭ 0.24, 95% CI 0.09, 0.61) were associated with low prescribing behavior. Level of training was not associated with prescribing rate. Less than half of respondents were able to identify a single side effect of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: Fear of legal repercussions and ignorance of the side effects of acid suppressive therapy were strongly associated with inappropriate prescribing of SUP. Educating physicians about the adverse effects of acid suppression therapy and about existing national guidelines might reduce inappropriate prescribing.
Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 2005
British groups have long favored a more conservative approach to the management of invasive bladd... more British groups have long favored a more conservative approach to the management of invasive bladder cancer. They have been involved in several randomized trials looking at the efficacy of these approaches and have also been leaders in the study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article documents the concerns that linger over the efficacy and morbidity of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and describes a national trial investigating a potentially less morbid 5FU and mitomycin alternative.
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1998
The reactions of bimetallic clusters of osmium and ruthenium with heterocyclic ligands containing... more The reactions of bimetallic clusters of osmium and ruthenium with heterocyclic ligands containing nitrogen [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] or sulphur [11, 12, 13] as heteroatoms have extensively been studied because of their relevance to modelling the industrially important ...
Journal of Hydrology, 1996
... Hydrol. Sci. J., 29(2): 177 189. Gupta, CP, Thangarajan, M., Gurunadha Rao, VVS, Sharma, MRK,... more ... Hydrol. Sci. J., 29(2): 177 189. Gupta, CP, Thangarajan, M., Gurunadha Rao, VVS, Sharma, MRK, Ramachandra, YM, Singh, VS and Sankaran, S., 1986. ... 305320. Rangarajan, R., Muralidharan, D., Deshmukh, SD, Hodlur, GK, Murthy, NN and Gangadhara Rao, T., 1987. ...