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Papers by SHARMILA NIROJINI

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research

In 2010, around 4 million people worldwide lost their lives to diabetes-related causes. Inhibitor... more In 2010, around 4 million people worldwide lost their lives to diabetes-related causes. Inhibitors of SGLT2 are effective at controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. By weakening the kidney's tubular barrier, empagliflozin lowers the amount of glucose excreted in urine. Empagliflozin was not related to increase in episodes of hypoglycemia as compared to placebo, with the exception of those taking a baseline sulfonylurea or insulin. The most common side effects of empagliflozin combinations were mild to moderate such as UTI, genital infection, and dysuria. Similar to the placebo, there was an equivalent rate of volume depletion in most cases. It is not suggested to be used during pregnancy or while lactating. It lowers cardiovascular disease mortality and heart failure hospitalizations in persons with type 2 diabetes. Key words: Chemistry, Pharmacology, SGLT2 Inhibitor, Treatment, Safety, Efficacy.

Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 2012

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. ADRs acco... more Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. ADRs account for about 5% of the hospital admissions, though 60% of the ADRs are preventable. Being a medicine expert, the pharmacists in the hospital sectors can play a significant role in detecting, monitoring, and reporting ADRs. With sound knowledge on drug therapy and disease management, they are the preferred group of professionals in ensuring drug and patient safety. Underreporting of ADRs is a serious problem; and the possible reasons for that include the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals and inadequate patient education. There is a need for proper training to hospital pharmacists on ADR reporting. Implementing good pharmacovigilance (PV) practice in the hospital settings can lead to proper reporting of ADRs. This manuscript reviews the published literature on the consequences and under-reporting of ADRs, importance of PV, and the hospital pharmacists' contributions in drug and patient safety.

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Mar 30, 2023

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pha... more International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 188 Dr. Jayaprakash.K, Dr. P.Sharmila Nirojini, *Neeya Johny, S.Niranjana, Neenu Wilson, T.Nivashini, S.Pavithra 1. Vivekanandha Medical Care Hospital, Elyampalayam, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, Namakkal (Dt.) Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: neeya.johny333@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, Aug 15, 2022

Despite advances in antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and blood ... more Despite advances in antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and blood glucose control, sepsis continues to be a leading cause of death in critical care units. To present, no effective treatment regimens for the routine management of septic patients exist. The core pathophysiology of sepsis is influenced by the substantial interaction between inflammation and coagulation. As a result, medicines that reduce the activation of both inflammation and coagulation may help to improve sepsis outcomes. Heparin, in addition to its well-known anticoagulant properties, also has immunomodulatory capabilities and prevents glycocalyx from shedding. As a result, heparin appears to be such an agent. Anticoagulant therapy should be given at the right time, as immunothrombosis plays an important role in the initial host defense against bacterial growth. We explore the scientific and clinical evidence that supports the use of heparin in sepsis. Heparin's usage in the treatment of sepsis is currently debatable. Future heparin treatment trials for sepsis should focus on the most critically ill subjects, where benefit is most likely to be shown.

The aim of the study was to provide psychoeducation for changing the attitudes and beliefs of pat... more The aim of the study was to provide psychoeducation for changing the attitudes and beliefs of patients with unipolar depression towards antidepressant treatment. The study was a prospective, comparative, randomized, interventional study conducted at psychiatry Out-patient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Guntur which includes 89 patients with unipolar depression. Those patients who are receiving psychoeducation along with anti-depressant treatment are randomized into study group where as those patients only on anti-depressant therapy are grouped as control. The data was collected through Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire at base level and after 2 months, where the study group received 3 sessions of psychoeducation with 15 days time interval between each session. Among 89 patients who participated in study, 08 could not be followed up in the study, hence dropped out. Out of 81 patients 38.2% were male and 61.7% were female. Majority of patients 44.4% were in the age grou...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing... more The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health is crucial during pandemic. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear, frustration, uncertainty during COVID 19 outbreak emerged progressively. Isolation and quarantine to reduce disease transmission have a negative impact on one’s mental health. The lockdown led to the closure of educational institutions and workplaces, loss of jobs, economic loss, lack of physical activity, restrictions on travel and gatherings. All these factors cumulatively affected the mental stamina of millions worldwide.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a major problem in I... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a major problem in India, resulting not only in significant direct medical costs but also indirect productivity losses due to disability and early mortality. Objectives: Main objective was to assess the health care cost and to provide health related counselling on Type 2 Diabetes, to assess the medication adherence, to educate patients regarding importance of medication adherence on their disease condition. Methodology: A prospective observational cohort household study was conducted near the villages of the capital Amaravathi, Andhra Pradesh. The collected sample size was 392 Type-2 diabetic patients. Patient data as well as cost details were collected from the patients for a period of 6 months. The data was analyzed to determine the average treatment cost for diabetes. Medication adherence was assessed using MMAS-8 scale. Patients were educated by clinical pharmacists and follow up was taken. The healthcare outcomes were measured from the medication adherence of the patients. Results: A sample size of n=392 Type-2 diabetic patients were obtained. Cost utility analysis was performed and the mean cost per month for the drugs used by 392 patients was 4614.68 rupees. Majority of the patients were using Metformin+Glimepiride combinatio n. In monotherapy Metformin was mostly commonly used. The medication adherence was assessed in type-2 diabetes and conducted a follow up after educating the patient and got a significant p value of 0.003. Conclusion: Economic status of the patient should be considered while prescribing. Due to the cost of medication maximum number of the patients were unable to bear the cost. This is indirectly decreasing the medication adherence which is further increasing the complexity of disease. In addition to that it is increasing the economic burden on the individual due to complications.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021

Abstract: COVID- 19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a quite contagious disease this is derived from... more Abstract: COVID- 19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a quite contagious disease this is derived from Orthocoronavirinae family. SARS-CoV-2 viruses are single-stranded, plus-stranded RNA virus that infect numerous animal species, inclusive of humans, and cause respiration, neurological, and liver illnesses. SARS-CoV-2 is generally transferred through respiration droplets during close contact including speaking, coughing, sneezing, and shouting. Typical common symptoms of COVID-19 include respiratory symptoms like Fever and cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and neurological manifestations. COVID-19 has currently been recognized using a viral nucleic acid RT-PCR test primarily based totally on affected person nasopharyngeal and throat swabs. The CT score could play a important function in the prognosis of COVID-19 infected patients if the RT-PCR test for swabs became negative at an early stage. COVID-19 patients with comorbidites like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, As...

Background: Diabetes has become a major health care problem in India with an estimated 66.8 milli... more Background: Diabetes has become a major health care problem in India with an estimated 66.8 million people suffering from this condition and the level of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its potential complications are enormous, and pose significant healthcare burdens on both families and society. Aim & Objectives: To monitor Medication adherence, Impact of patient counseling, Quality of life and co morbidities among Diabetic subjects in rural settings. Methodology: Cross sectional House hold study from December 2016 to May 2017. Results and Findings: The findings among the study population includes the overall diabetic subjects constitute about 44.38 per cent, diabetic and hypertensive subjects includes 22.19 per cent and Diabetic and Thyroid subjects includes 5.86 per cent. The other important aspects of this study is that the Impact of patient counseling constitutes about 26.55 per cent.The subjects who are adhered to treatment regimen includes about 57.73 per cent and...

Objective : The aim of this study was to predict levels of non-adherence and to report the factor... more Objective : The aim of this study was to predict levels of non-adherence and to report the factors associated with the medication non-adherence. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of three months in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh. A total of 100 patients using medications in the psychiatry department entered the study. The volunteers are allowed to fill their informed consent to be a part of the study. The self prepared questionnaire was distributed to all the volunteers included in the study, which includes questions on their medication taking behaviour, compliance to medications and the knowledge on medication use and its side effects. The response was then analyzed to assess the risk factors associated with the non-adherence among the patients using the anti-psychotics. Results :Most reported Reasons for non-adherence included adverse effects (70%), medication cost (42%), forgot to take medication (18%),increased number of medication...

Globally there is growing concern about the safe use of medications in hospital settings. It is w... more Globally there is growing concern about the safe use of medications in hospital settings. It is well known that adverse drug reactions (ADR) constitute a major problem in drug therapy and in our society, both as a health care problem and as an economic burden. However ADR monitoring and reporting activity is in its infancy stage in India. Hence we undertook a prospective, observational study for nine month to record and analyze adverse drug reactions among all patients admitted to the neurology department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 295 patients, 218 men and 87 women using drugs for central nervous system related disorders were entered the study, among them 157 patients 108 men and 49 women were experienced 199 adverse drug reactions. Upon age distribution of ADRs in patients, adult patients experienced 58.58% of ADRS followed by geriatrics 41.42%. Majority of patients (68.79%) who developed an ADR were male. Central nervous system and gastrointestinal system disorders w...

In India, there are several consumer groups who encourage patients to report any adverse reaction... more In India, there are several consumer groups who encourage patients to report any adverse reactions encountered by them, although there is no information for patients on how to report ADRs directly to the..

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Stroke is considered as medical emergency. India ranks second next to China. Recent rapid socioec... more Stroke is considered as medical emergency. India ranks second next to China. Recent rapid socioeconomic changes have led to a concomitant change in people’s lifestyle, leading to work-related stress and altered food habits, raising the risk of hypertension are expected to have an impact on the occurrence of stroke disorder in India. As late as 2000, India was ranked among the countries lacking sufficient research data on stroke. Some critical data on stroke disorder in India have become available which showed a high proportion of young stroke (first-ever stroke onset below 40 years of age), ranging between 15% and 30%. In India, nearly 0.8 million deaths caused by heart diseases(2.5 million in 2008) are attributed to stroke occurs about 15 years earlier in developing areas of the world as compared to the west. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated a population-based annual stroke incidence of India to be 89/100,000 in 2005, which is projected to increase to 91/100,000 in 2015...

Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science

Volume 2, Issue 1 : January 2016 – March 2016, Feb 15, 2016

Caudal anaesthesia and ilioinguinal block are effective, safe anaesthetic techniques for paediatr... more Caudal anaesthesia and ilioinguinal block are effective, safe anaesthetic techniques for paediatric inguinal herniotomy. This review article aims to educate medical students about these techniques by examining their safety and efficacy in paediatric surgery, as well as discussing the relevant anatomy and pharmacology. The roles of general anaesthesia in combination with regional anaesthesia, and that of awake regional anaesthesia, are discussed, as is the administration of caudal adjuvants and concomitant intravenous opioid analgesia.

Advances in Breast Cancer Research, 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the United Arab Emirates (UA... more Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It carries poor prognosis when detected late. Patients usually present at late stages due to lack of awareness of various aspects of breast cancer. Aim: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the level of knowledge of breast cancer among young adult females in UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among females aged 25 to 45. A total of 492 females were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Frequency distributions and percentages were used to describe the knowledge tested within the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.5 years. Almost 27% of our participants received a high school degree. The average total knowledge of our population was 51%. The majority (89%) knew that breast cancer is common and 45% knew that it affects ages above forty. The knowledge of signs and symptoms was 53%, and more than half (57%) knew that the most common presenting sign is a breast lump. The knowledge of risk factors was 43%. Almost 94% knew that cancer can be detected early, and 93% knew that early diagnosis improves outcome. The total knowledge of screening methods was 67%. Conclusion: The study revealed that respondents' knowledge of breast cancer is less than expected. The increased burden of the disease should be accompanied by powerful means of spreading awareness by implementing campaigns that would improve knowledge deficits.

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research

In 2010, around 4 million people worldwide lost their lives to diabetes-related causes. Inhibitor... more In 2010, around 4 million people worldwide lost their lives to diabetes-related causes. Inhibitors of SGLT2 are effective at controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. By weakening the kidney's tubular barrier, empagliflozin lowers the amount of glucose excreted in urine. Empagliflozin was not related to increase in episodes of hypoglycemia as compared to placebo, with the exception of those taking a baseline sulfonylurea or insulin. The most common side effects of empagliflozin combinations were mild to moderate such as UTI, genital infection, and dysuria. Similar to the placebo, there was an equivalent rate of volume depletion in most cases. It is not suggested to be used during pregnancy or while lactating. It lowers cardiovascular disease mortality and heart failure hospitalizations in persons with type 2 diabetes. Key words: Chemistry, Pharmacology, SGLT2 Inhibitor, Treatment, Safety, Efficacy.

Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 2012

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. ADRs acco... more Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. ADRs account for about 5% of the hospital admissions, though 60% of the ADRs are preventable. Being a medicine expert, the pharmacists in the hospital sectors can play a significant role in detecting, monitoring, and reporting ADRs. With sound knowledge on drug therapy and disease management, they are the preferred group of professionals in ensuring drug and patient safety. Underreporting of ADRs is a serious problem; and the possible reasons for that include the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals and inadequate patient education. There is a need for proper training to hospital pharmacists on ADR reporting. Implementing good pharmacovigilance (PV) practice in the hospital settings can lead to proper reporting of ADRs. This manuscript reviews the published literature on the consequences and under-reporting of ADRs, importance of PV, and the hospital pharmacists' contributions in drug and patient safety.

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Mar 30, 2023

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pha... more International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 188 Dr. Jayaprakash.K, Dr. P.Sharmila Nirojini, *Neeya Johny, S.Niranjana, Neenu Wilson, T.Nivashini, S.Pavithra 1. Vivekanandha Medical Care Hospital, Elyampalayam, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode, Namakkal (Dt.) Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: neeya.johny333@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, Aug 15, 2022

Despite advances in antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and blood ... more Despite advances in antibiotic treatment, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and blood glucose control, sepsis continues to be a leading cause of death in critical care units. To present, no effective treatment regimens for the routine management of septic patients exist. The core pathophysiology of sepsis is influenced by the substantial interaction between inflammation and coagulation. As a result, medicines that reduce the activation of both inflammation and coagulation may help to improve sepsis outcomes. Heparin, in addition to its well-known anticoagulant properties, also has immunomodulatory capabilities and prevents glycocalyx from shedding. As a result, heparin appears to be such an agent. Anticoagulant therapy should be given at the right time, as immunothrombosis plays an important role in the initial host defense against bacterial growth. We explore the scientific and clinical evidence that supports the use of heparin in sepsis. Heparin's usage in the treatment of sepsis is currently debatable. Future heparin treatment trials for sepsis should focus on the most critically ill subjects, where benefit is most likely to be shown.

The aim of the study was to provide psychoeducation for changing the attitudes and beliefs of pat... more The aim of the study was to provide psychoeducation for changing the attitudes and beliefs of patients with unipolar depression towards antidepressant treatment. The study was a prospective, comparative, randomized, interventional study conducted at psychiatry Out-patient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Guntur which includes 89 patients with unipolar depression. Those patients who are receiving psychoeducation along with anti-depressant treatment are randomized into study group where as those patients only on anti-depressant therapy are grouped as control. The data was collected through Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire at base level and after 2 months, where the study group received 3 sessions of psychoeducation with 15 days time interval between each session. Among 89 patients who participated in study, 08 could not be followed up in the study, hence dropped out. Out of 81 patients 38.2% were male and 61.7% were female. Majority of patients 44.4% were in the age grou...

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing... more The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health is crucial during pandemic. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear, frustration, uncertainty during COVID 19 outbreak emerged progressively. Isolation and quarantine to reduce disease transmission have a negative impact on one’s mental health. The lockdown led to the closure of educational institutions and workplaces, loss of jobs, economic loss, lack of physical activity, restrictions on travel and gatherings. All these factors cumulatively affected the mental stamina of millions worldwide.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a major problem in I... more Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a major problem in India, resulting not only in significant direct medical costs but also indirect productivity losses due to disability and early mortality. Objectives: Main objective was to assess the health care cost and to provide health related counselling on Type 2 Diabetes, to assess the medication adherence, to educate patients regarding importance of medication adherence on their disease condition. Methodology: A prospective observational cohort household study was conducted near the villages of the capital Amaravathi, Andhra Pradesh. The collected sample size was 392 Type-2 diabetic patients. Patient data as well as cost details were collected from the patients for a period of 6 months. The data was analyzed to determine the average treatment cost for diabetes. Medication adherence was assessed using MMAS-8 scale. Patients were educated by clinical pharmacists and follow up was taken. The healthcare outcomes were measured from the medication adherence of the patients. Results: A sample size of n=392 Type-2 diabetic patients were obtained. Cost utility analysis was performed and the mean cost per month for the drugs used by 392 patients was 4614.68 rupees. Majority of the patients were using Metformin+Glimepiride combinatio n. In monotherapy Metformin was mostly commonly used. The medication adherence was assessed in type-2 diabetes and conducted a follow up after educating the patient and got a significant p value of 0.003. Conclusion: Economic status of the patient should be considered while prescribing. Due to the cost of medication maximum number of the patients were unable to bear the cost. This is indirectly decreasing the medication adherence which is further increasing the complexity of disease. In addition to that it is increasing the economic burden on the individual due to complications.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021

Abstract: COVID- 19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a quite contagious disease this is derived from... more Abstract: COVID- 19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a quite contagious disease this is derived from Orthocoronavirinae family. SARS-CoV-2 viruses are single-stranded, plus-stranded RNA virus that infect numerous animal species, inclusive of humans, and cause respiration, neurological, and liver illnesses. SARS-CoV-2 is generally transferred through respiration droplets during close contact including speaking, coughing, sneezing, and shouting. Typical common symptoms of COVID-19 include respiratory symptoms like Fever and cough, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and neurological manifestations. COVID-19 has currently been recognized using a viral nucleic acid RT-PCR test primarily based totally on affected person nasopharyngeal and throat swabs. The CT score could play a important function in the prognosis of COVID-19 infected patients if the RT-PCR test for swabs became negative at an early stage. COVID-19 patients with comorbidites like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, As...

Background: Diabetes has become a major health care problem in India with an estimated 66.8 milli... more Background: Diabetes has become a major health care problem in India with an estimated 66.8 million people suffering from this condition and the level of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes and its potential complications are enormous, and pose significant healthcare burdens on both families and society. Aim & Objectives: To monitor Medication adherence, Impact of patient counseling, Quality of life and co morbidities among Diabetic subjects in rural settings. Methodology: Cross sectional House hold study from December 2016 to May 2017. Results and Findings: The findings among the study population includes the overall diabetic subjects constitute about 44.38 per cent, diabetic and hypertensive subjects includes 22.19 per cent and Diabetic and Thyroid subjects includes 5.86 per cent. The other important aspects of this study is that the Impact of patient counseling constitutes about 26.55 per cent.The subjects who are adhered to treatment regimen includes about 57.73 per cent and...

Objective : The aim of this study was to predict levels of non-adherence and to report the factor... more Objective : The aim of this study was to predict levels of non-adherence and to report the factors associated with the medication non-adherence. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of three months in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh. A total of 100 patients using medications in the psychiatry department entered the study. The volunteers are allowed to fill their informed consent to be a part of the study. The self prepared questionnaire was distributed to all the volunteers included in the study, which includes questions on their medication taking behaviour, compliance to medications and the knowledge on medication use and its side effects. The response was then analyzed to assess the risk factors associated with the non-adherence among the patients using the anti-psychotics. Results :Most reported Reasons for non-adherence included adverse effects (70%), medication cost (42%), forgot to take medication (18%),increased number of medication...

Globally there is growing concern about the safe use of medications in hospital settings. It is w... more Globally there is growing concern about the safe use of medications in hospital settings. It is well known that adverse drug reactions (ADR) constitute a major problem in drug therapy and in our society, both as a health care problem and as an economic burden. However ADR monitoring and reporting activity is in its infancy stage in India. Hence we undertook a prospective, observational study for nine month to record and analyze adverse drug reactions among all patients admitted to the neurology department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 295 patients, 218 men and 87 women using drugs for central nervous system related disorders were entered the study, among them 157 patients 108 men and 49 women were experienced 199 adverse drug reactions. Upon age distribution of ADRs in patients, adult patients experienced 58.58% of ADRS followed by geriatrics 41.42%. Majority of patients (68.79%) who developed an ADR were male. Central nervous system and gastrointestinal system disorders w...

In India, there are several consumer groups who encourage patients to report any adverse reaction... more In India, there are several consumer groups who encourage patients to report any adverse reactions encountered by them, although there is no information for patients on how to report ADRs directly to the..

Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015

Stroke is considered as medical emergency. India ranks second next to China. Recent rapid socioec... more Stroke is considered as medical emergency. India ranks second next to China. Recent rapid socioeconomic changes have led to a concomitant change in people’s lifestyle, leading to work-related stress and altered food habits, raising the risk of hypertension are expected to have an impact on the occurrence of stroke disorder in India. As late as 2000, India was ranked among the countries lacking sufficient research data on stroke. Some critical data on stroke disorder in India have become available which showed a high proportion of young stroke (first-ever stroke onset below 40 years of age), ranging between 15% and 30%. In India, nearly 0.8 million deaths caused by heart diseases(2.5 million in 2008) are attributed to stroke occurs about 15 years earlier in developing areas of the world as compared to the west. The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated a population-based annual stroke incidence of India to be 89/100,000 in 2005, which is projected to increase to 91/100,000 in 2015...

Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science

Volume 2, Issue 1 : January 2016 – March 2016, Feb 15, 2016

Caudal anaesthesia and ilioinguinal block are effective, safe anaesthetic techniques for paediatr... more Caudal anaesthesia and ilioinguinal block are effective, safe anaesthetic techniques for paediatric inguinal herniotomy. This review article aims to educate medical students about these techniques by examining their safety and efficacy in paediatric surgery, as well as discussing the relevant anatomy and pharmacology. The roles of general anaesthesia in combination with regional anaesthesia, and that of awake regional anaesthesia, are discussed, as is the administration of caudal adjuvants and concomitant intravenous opioid analgesia.

Advances in Breast Cancer Research, 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the United Arab Emirates (UA... more Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It carries poor prognosis when detected late. Patients usually present at late stages due to lack of awareness of various aspects of breast cancer. Aim: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the level of knowledge of breast cancer among young adult females in UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among females aged 25 to 45. A total of 492 females were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through an interview-based questionnaire. Frequency distributions and percentages were used to describe the knowledge tested within the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.5 years. Almost 27% of our participants received a high school degree. The average total knowledge of our population was 51%. The majority (89%) knew that breast cancer is common and 45% knew that it affects ages above forty. The knowledge of signs and symptoms was 53%, and more than half (57%) knew that the most common presenting sign is a breast lump. The knowledge of risk factors was 43%. Almost 94% knew that cancer can be detected early, and 93% knew that early diagnosis improves outcome. The total knowledge of screening methods was 67%. Conclusion: The study revealed that respondents' knowledge of breast cancer is less than expected. The increased burden of the disease should be accompanied by powerful means of spreading awareness by implementing campaigns that would improve knowledge deficits.