S. N Naik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by S. N Naik

Scientific Reports, 2020

The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, t... more The use pesticide is one of the indispensable means to combat mosquito borne diseases. However, the repeated use of synthetic pesticides has induced resistance in the vector pest along with undesirable impact on the environment. The biodegradability, non-persistent and user’s safety are the root cause to prefer plant-derived pesticides to synthetic ones. The botanical based pesticides tend to degrade rapidly under the influence of several environmental factors. For the feasible application as pesticides, the plant products are formulated either as liquid or as purely solid. Despite well-established formulation technology in pesticide delivery, their handling trouble is being ignored. There is difficulty in liquid formulation of pesticide products, as they are prone to splashing and spillage, resulting in contamination, wastage and direct exposure to skin; whereas a solid formulation tends to produce dust. In the present work, cedarwood (Cedrus deodara) essential oil embedded pectin ...

Journal of Energy Engineering, 2013

The stringent emission norms cannot be met through engine design and exhaust after treatment alon... more The stringent emission norms cannot be met through engine design and exhaust after treatment alone. Use of oxygenated fuel like biodiesel as a alternative to diesel may be the best way to reduce emissions today. In this study, Diesel fuel and pure biodiesel (mahua oil) were tested on a single cylinder naturally-aspirated direct-injection diesel engine. The study aims to investigate the effects of the mahua oil biodiesel on existing diesel engine emissions. The effect of test fuels on engine emissions like CO, HC, CO2, NOx and smoke emissions was investigated with respect to the load on engine. Smoke opacity of Diesel engine was lower in case of biodiesel of mahua oil as compare to mineral diesel. NOx emissions was little higher during the whole range of loading, which is a typical characteristic of biodiesel. However the increments are within in the narrow range. CO2 emissions was bit higher which is the indication of better combustion due to presence of rich oxygen in the mixture, it results in the low values of CO and HC during the whole range of experiments. Thus considering environmental norms most of the engine emissions, it can be concluded and biodiesel derived from mahua oil could be used in a conventional diesel engine without any modification.

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2016

In the present study, eco-friendly treatment of D. strictus bamboo species was performed using tr... more In the present study, eco-friendly treatment of D. strictus bamboo species was performed using traditional water leaching method and smoking and plant extract (neem oil, cedar oil, jatropha cake extract, aqueous extract of leafy biomass of lantana and jatropha leaves). Control samples were damaged up to 60 % within 3 months and completely destroyed within 6 months of exposure to termites. Results of field investigations were found to be in conformity with laboratory findings of earlier investigations. Though, both traditional treatments of bamboo were able to provide protection better than control sample yet full protection in field was not achieved. Copperised neem oil treated bamboo specimens were found to be the most durable samples up to 3 years of exposure to field conditions.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, May 1, 2016

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours fr... more Objective: The objective of this research was to develop the nano-particles of natural colours from Ratanjot root, Seabuckthorn pulp, and Annatto seeds and use them in cosmetic products. Multiple herbs were used to have a good mix of active colour constituents and have a possibility to create a range of shades in the final cosmetic formulation without any side-effects. Further, with nano-sizing of the colour constituents, we aimed to obtain better activity and enhanced performance in the final product. Methods: The extraction of natural colours from herbal source was carried out under controlled conditions of temperature (max. 50 °C) and pressure (50-60 mm of Hg) to minimize the loss of actives during the process. The colour fractions separated by solvent fractionation were nanosized by ultra-sonication using polyethylene glycol 400 as additive to distribute uniformly in the formulation. Active colour components were analyzed by HPLC and Lovibond Tintometer to maintain the colour strength in cosmetic formulation. Results: The nano-sizing of natural colour (purplish red dye from Ratanjot root, oil of Seabuckthorn pulp) has resulted in giving an excellent gloss, spreadability and prevention of skin damage due to their good anti-oxidant property. The goodness of Seabuckthorn oil has rendered a special effect of rejuvenating the skin cells to retain their elasticity. Conclusion: The promising results of these formulations have encouraged us to go for pilot trials to extend the study on animal and human subjects for the skin-penetration and kinetics of their healing power.

ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2012

ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases ... more ABSTRACT Increasing strict regulation on the sulfur content of diesel fuels results in decreases the lubricity of these fuels. The lubricity of the fuel is an indication of the amount of wear or scarring that occurs between two metal parts covered with the fuel as they come in contact with each other. Low lubricity fuel may cause high wear and scarring and high lubricity fuel may provide reduced wear and longer component life. Previous studies have shown that alkyl esters of triglycerides derived from vegetable oils have increased diesel fuel lubricity at concentration of less than 1%. The major objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of indigenous non-edible feedstocks such as jatropha (Jatropha curcas) as an additive in petroleum based diesel fuels. Jatropha oil, and its alky esters (methyl and ethyl ester) and oil-ester blends with diesel were tested as an additive to enhance the lubricity of diesel fuels. In case of fuels, the lubricating behavior is associated with boundary film-forming properties. The analysis was carried out by using ASTM 6079-4 test method using High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR model D1377) as an analytical tool. The coefficient of friction and wear was observed higher for the low lubricity diesel fuel (LLDF) and it decreases with the addition of additive dose of oil, methyl and ethyl ester of jatropha. It may be due to the better lubricating behavior of non-edible based oil and ester compare to LLDF. During the HFRR test 2±0.20 ml of fluid sample under test is placed in reservoir which is maintained at a specified temperature of 60±2 °C. The HFRR test uses a vertically mounted steel ball to apply force to a horizontally mounted stationary steel disk with an applied load (200±1 g). The test ball is oscillated at a fixed frequency (50 ± 1 Hz) with a fixed stroke length (1 ± 0.02 mm) while the disk is fully immersed in the fluid reservoir. The whole test rig was placed in the humidity cabin with transparent enclosure. The test was kept for 75 minutes and the wear scar on the ball was measured by electronic microscope. It is believed that the high concentration of the particular fatty acid in oil and alkyl ester could be responsible for enhancing the lubricity and subsequent lower wear scar.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2011

BACKGROUND: Jatropha curcas seed is a rich source of oil; however, it can not be utilised for nut... more BACKGROUND: Jatropha curcas seed is a rich source of oil; however, it can not be utilised for nutritional purposes due to presence of toxic and anti-nutritive compounds. The main objective of the present study was to quantify the toxic phytochemicals present in Indian J. curcas (oil, cake, bio-diesel and glycerol). RESULTS: The amount of phorbol esters is greater in solvent extracted oil (2.8 g kg −1) than in expeller oil (2.1 g kg −1). Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the purified compound from an active extract of oil confirmed the presence of phorbol esters. Similarly, the phorbol esters content is greater in solvent extracted cake (1.1 g kg −1) than in cake after being expelled (0.8 g kg −1). The phytate and trypsin inhibitory activity of the cake was found to be 98 g kg −1 and 8347 TIU g −1 of cake, respectively. Identification of curcin was achieved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the concentration of curcin was 0.95 g L −1 of crude concentrate obtained from cake. CONCLUSION: Higher amounts of phorbol esters are present in oil than cake but bio-diesel and glycerol are free of phorbol esters. The other anti-nutritional components such as trypsin inhibitors, phytates and curcin are present in cake, so the cake should be detoxified before being used for animal feed.

Fuel, 2009

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more suscept... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat. It is more susceptible to oxidation or autoxidation during long-term storage than conventional petrodiesel. Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was prepared and stored for a period of 180days under different storage conditions. The physicochemical parameters, peroxide value (PV) and viscosity (v) of samples were measured at regular interval of time under different storage conditions. The stability of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was studied ...

Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass i... more Interest in biomass as a clean source of fuel, chemicals and materials is growing fast. Biomass is considered as a relatively clean fuel as it decreases or even eliminates net CO2 emission and has low sulphur and NOx content in comparison with fossil fuels. The bio-oil under study contained 45% of water and it forms azeotrope with polar organic compounds. The work has been carried out to isolate the organic fraction of the bio-oil by supercritical CO2. The supercritical CO2 fractions are characterised by CHNS, GC- ...

International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2011

Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was invest... more Summary The effect of microwave power on colour change kinetics of bamboo shoot slices was investigated during microwave drying. Colour changes were quantified by tri-stimulus Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness), and b (yellowness/blueness) system. These values were also used for calculation of total colour change (ΔE), chroma, hue angle, and browning index (BI). Microwave drying as expected changed colour parameters because of browning. The values of L and b decreased, while values of a and ...

International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2016

Traditionally, the extraction of oil from the Seabuckthorn pulp was done by first separating out ... more Traditionally, the extraction of oil from the Seabuckthorn pulp was done by first separating out the juice by mechanically pressing the berries followed by centrifugal separation of oil from the juice by density difference. But the pressed pulp cake still contained both the oil and the juice to some extent. Thus, a complete separation of the lipophilic (oil) and hydrophilic (juice) fractions of the pulp was not achieved. The process that we present in this work separates both the oil and juice fractions very discretely by directly processing the pulp as a whole in an alcoholic medium to separate the lipophilic and the vitamin-rich hydrophilic fractions embedded in the pulp. Moreover, we achieve this separation without employing expensive machines like mechanical presses and high-speed centrifuges. Further, the extraction of the oil from lipophilic part has been done by both the solvent and supercritical extraction methods followed by a comparative study using HPLC analysis of the bio-actives obtained from both the methods. We found that the carotenoids extracted better with the solvent extraction, while sterols extracted better with the supercritical extraction. The overall yield of the oil and the bio-actives was comparable to that of the earlier methods. The aqueous alcohol soluble fraction was evaluated for vitamin C, total acids and reducing sugars. We conclude that our process is convenient, cost-effective and good in terms of yield and recovery of the bio-actives, which makes it industrially applicable. This was endorsed by a successful pilot study trial of a 10 kg batch conducted at

Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infes... more Bamboo is extensively used in construction industry. Low durability of bamboo due to fungus infestation and termites attack under storage puts certain constrains for it usage as modern structural material. Looking at many chemical formulations for bamboo treatment leading to severe harmful environment effects, research on eco-friendly preservatives for bamboo treatment has been initiated world-over. In the present studies, eco-friendly preservative for bamboo treatment has been developed. To validate its application for structural purposes, investigation of effect of treatment on compressive strength has been investigated. Neemoil (25%) integrated with copper naphthenate (0.3%) on dilution with kerosene oil impregnated into bamboo culm at 2 bar pressure, has shown weight loss of only 3.15% in soil block analysis method. The results from compressive strength analysis using HEICO Automatic Compression Testing Machine reveal that preservative treatment has not altered the structural pr...

A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distributi... more A b s t r a c t s. Thevetia peruviana J. is a potential biofuel crop with cosmopolitan distribution and ensuring fruit-harvest almost throughout the year. Different physical properties of fruit and kernel such as, dimensions, 1000-unit mass, surface area, sphericity, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and angle of repose has been determined for ease in designing structures and equipments for handling, transportation, storage and processing. The shell has higher moisture content than kernel and fruit. Oil content in the kernel is as high as 62.14% (w/w) while other parts of fruits bear negligible amount of oil. The frequency distribution of size and weight for fruit and kernel has been evaluated. The sphericity of kernel is 10.14% more and the surface area is 77.12% less than that of fruit. Bulk densities of fruits and kernels are 591.70 and 657.73 kg m -3 ; the corresponding true densities are 1106.68 and 942.05 kg m -3 . The porosity of fruit and kernel are 46.51% and 29.82% ...

Industrial Crops and Products, 2010

Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown ... more Murraya paniculata (Linn.) Jack syn M. exotica Linn. commonly known as orange jessamine is grown in gardens for its large clusters of fragrant flowers. Extraction of the fresh flowers with liquid CO 2 provides a floral extract in 0.64% yields. The major components in the extract ...

— Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Vario... more — Environment friendly treatment of less durable D.Strictus, bamboo species, was performed. Various locally available plant extracts and oil cakes (neem oil, cedar oil, extracts of jatropha leaves, lantana leaves and jatropha cake) were investigated using dip as well as pressure treatment methods. Retention of preservatives and antifungal durability of treated product were compared statistically. Retention level of jatropha cake was found to be the maximum. Leaching test indicated that bamboo treated with neem oil has higher retention levels than other solutions. All the extracts gave protection to bamboo species better than control. Jatropha cake, Jatropha levaes and lantana leaves are found to be effective in protecting bamboo against test fungi. Cedar oil and neem oil are also able to enhance the durability of treated product. Pressure treatment enhanced the effectiveness of these plant extracts by 3-5 times as compared to dip method. Neem oil and kerosene (1:3) in combination wi...

Indian journal of Natural products and Resources, Dec 1, 2010

Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree... more Abstract: Madhuca indica JF Gmel. syn. M. latifolia Macb. commonly known as mahua is a large tree found in the dry deciduous forests of India. The tree produces edible flowers and fruits during leanest season of agriculture (March-May). Collection of mahua flowers and fruits is one of the most important sources of employment for the poorest of the poor in India. The flowers are edible and rich source of sugar, protein, vitamin and minerals. Present paper reviews the earlier research on these flowers and highlights the study conducted for ...

LWT

Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. T... more Abstract The volatile flavor compounds of ghee were isolated using sub-critical CO2 extraction. The effect of extraction pressure (3 to 8 MPa), temperature (3 to 38 °C), and time (19 to 221 min) on the extractability of flavor compounds i.e., δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane and total extraction yield as response variables were studied. The experiments were conducted using a central composite rotatable design of the independent variables. The study revealed that the pressure had a positive effect on the extractability of all three compounds. The optimized sub-critical CO2 extraction pressure, temperature and time for maximum recovery of these compounds were observed at 7 MPa, 10 °C and 66 min, respectively. The values of yields of δ-dodecalctone (C12), δ-tetradecalctone (C14), 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane, and total extraction yield at the optimized conditions were found to be were found to be 216.54, 109.7, 64.82 ng .g−1 and 5.89% (w/w), respectively.

International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2010

Effect of microwave power on moisture content, moisture ratio, drying rate, drying time and effec... more Effect of microwave power on moisture content, moisture ratio, drying rate, drying time and effective moisture diffusivity (D eff) of bamboo shoot was investigated using microwave drying. To study the effect of microwave power on drying, bamboo shoot samples (250 g) were dried at different power levels ranging from 140 to 350 W. To determine the kinetic parameters, drying data were fitted to various models based on the ratios of differences between initial and final moisture contents and equilibrium moisture content. Among the models proposed, Wang and Singh model gave a better fit for all drying conditions used. By increasing microwave output power, the D eff values increased from 4.153 • 10)10 to 22.835 • 10)10 m 2 s)1. A thirdorder polynomial relationship was found to correlate the D eff with moisture content. Further scope of this research work would include the effect of certain factors (shrinkage, case hardening, distortion of product and shape of bamboo shoot samples as an infinite slab) of practical significance to improve the model.

International Journal of Food …, 2010

Fuel, 2014

h i g h l i g h t s Microwave irradiation was used for the torrefaction of wheat and barley straw... more h i g h l i g h t s Microwave irradiation was used for the torrefaction of wheat and barley straw. Barley straw tended to carbonize more than wheat straw under microwave irradiation. Energy density increased in both wheat and barley straw after torrefaction. Biomass grindability and hydrophobicity improved significantly after torrefaction.