S. Pecorelli - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by S. Pecorelli

Seminars in oncology, 2000

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 2000

We describe a 65-year-old woman with a large surgically unresectable and chemoresistant liver met... more We describe a 65-year-old woman with a large surgically unresectable and chemoresistant liver metastasis of endometrial carcinoma who was treated by infusion with peripheral blood T cells stimulated with tumor lysate-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC). Extensive in vitro characterization of the DC-activated T cells included phenotypic analysis, cytotoxicity, and intracellular cytokine secretion. High cytotoxicity was observed against autologous tumor cells, but not against NK-sensitive K562 cells, autologous Con-A lymphoblasts, or autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Blocking studies demonstrated that lytic activity was HLA class I restricted. Two-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that a significant proportion of CD8+ T cells was also CD56+, and analysis of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 expression suggested a type 1 cytokine bias. The patient was treated by three infusions of tumor-specific T cells at 3- to 4-week intervals, and in vivo distributi...

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996

We initiated studies to develop cytokine-secreting human ovarian carcinoma cells for the purpose ... more We initiated studies to develop cytokine-secreting human ovarian carcinoma cells for the purpose of using these cells as vaccines for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN: A human ovarian carcinoma cell line (UC1-107) was genetically engineered to secrete the cytokine interleukin-2 by retrovirai-mediated gene transduction. RESULTS: Qne clone, termed UCI-107A IL-2 AS, constitutively secreted high levels of interteukin-2 (i.e., 2000 to 2300 pg/ml/10 s cells per 48 hours) for >55 passages and 8 months of study. Unlike parental-and vector-transduced cells, UCI-IO7A IL-2 AS cells were aneuploid and failed to express major histocompatibility complex class I and HER2/neu surface antigens. UCI-107A IL-2 AS cells were highly resistant to killing by gamma irradiation and continued to produce high levels of intedeukin-2 even after irradiation with 10,000 cGy. Balb/C nude mice injected intraperitoneally with UCI-107A IL-2 AS cells survived significantly longer than control animals, with 25% of the animals totally rejecting their tumors. UCI-107A IL-2 AS was totally resistant to killing by fresh allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes in four hour chromium 51 release assays but induced high levels of killing in 72-hour long-term cytotoxic assays. CONCLUSION: The potential use of these interteukin-2-secreting ovarian carcinoma cells as vaccines for women with advanced ovarian cancer will be discussed.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2009

e16502 Background: Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a variant of endometrial ... more e16502 Background: Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a variant of endometrial cancer characterized by a highly aggressive biologic behavior and inborn resistance to chemotherapy. MT201 is a fully human monoclonal antibody recently developed against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). In this study we have evaluated the potential of MT201 as a novel therapeutic strategy against USPC. Methods: EpCAM expression was evaluated by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 54 USPC fresh-frozen biopsies and paraffin embedded tissues. EpCAM surface expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in 6 freshly established USPC cell lines derived from advanced stage USPC patients. Sensitivity to MT201 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was tested in standard 4-hour chromium (51Cr) release cytotoxicity assays. Results: EpCAM transcript was significantly overexpressed in fresh frozen USPC when compared ...

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2001

A new disease of sugar beet called Syndrome des Basses Richesses, which appeared in Burgundy and ... more A new disease of sugar beet called Syndrome des Basses Richesses, which appeared in Burgundy and Franche-Comté, France, in 1991, is of uncertain aetiology. However, evidence for aerial transmission of the disease, symptom similarity with yellow wilt and preliminary results of phytoplasma detection, support the hypothesis of a phytoplasma being associated to the disease. A search for a natural phytoplasma

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1997

We initiated studies to analyze the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation on the surface ant... more We initiated studies to analyze the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation on the surface antigen expression of MHC Class I, Class II, and ICAM-1 on human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The expression of surface antigens (MHC Class I, Class II, and ICAM-1) was evaluated by FACS analysis on two cervical cell lines at different time points, following their exposure to high doses of gamma irradiation (i.e., 25.00, 50.00, and 100.00 Gy). The CaSki and SiHa cervical cancer cells we analyzed in this study expressed variable levels of MHC Class I and ICAM-1 antigens, while Class II surface antigens were not detectable. Whereas irradiation doses of 25.00 Gy were not sufficient to totally block cell replication in both cell lines, exposure to 50.00 or 100.00 Gy was able to completely inhibit cell replication. Range doses from 25.00 to 100.00 Gy significantly and consistently increased the expression of all surface antigens present on the cells prior to irradiation but were unable to induce neoexpression of antigens previously not expressed by these cells (i.e., MHC Class II). Importantly, such upregulation was shown to be dose dependent, with higher radiation doses associated with increased antigen expression. Moreover, when the kinetic of this upregulation was studied after 2 and 6 days after irradiation, it was shown to be persistent and lasted until all the cells died. These findings may partially explain the increased immunogenicity of tumor cells following irradiation and may suggest enhanced immune recognition in tumor tissue in patients receiving radiation therapy.

Annals of Oncology, 2009

Background: A prospective phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of o... more Background: A prospective phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of oral gimatecan in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer. Patients and methods: Patients had a maximum of three prior chemotherapy lines with no more than two prior platinum-containing regimens and a progression-free interval after the last dose of platinum <12 months. A total dose of 4 mg/m 2 /cycle (0.8 mg/m 2 /day from day 1 to day 5) was administered, repeated every 28 days. Results: From June 2005 to December 2005, 69 assessable patients were enrolled. The best overall response to study treatment by combined CA-125 and RECIST criteria was partial response in 17 patients (24.6%) and disease stabilization in 22 patients (31.9%). The median time to progression and overall survival were 3.8 and 16.2 months, respectively. A total of 312 cycles were administered. Neutropenia grade 4 and thrombocytopenia grade 4 occurred in 17.4% and 7.2% of patients, respectively. Diarrhea grade 4 was never observed. Asthenia and fatigue were reported by 36.2% and 18.8% of patients, but were all grade 2 or less. Conclusion: Gimatecan is a new active agent in previously treated ovarian cancer with myelosuppression as main toxicity.

New England Journal of Medicine, 1995

Background. Although the value of primary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer is ... more Background. Although the value of primary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer is beyond doubt, the value of debulking surgery after induction chemotherapy has not yet been defined. In this randomized study we investigated the effect on survival of debulking surgery. Methods. Eligible patients had residual lesions measuring more than 1 cm in diameter after primary surgery. After three cycles of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, these patients were randomly assigned to undergo either debulking surgery or no surgery, followed by further cycles of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin. The study end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. At surgery 65 percent of the patients had lesions measuring more than 1 cm. In 45 percent of this group, the lesions were reduced surgically to less than 1 cm. Results. Of the 319 patients who underwent random-ization, 278 could be evaluated (140 patients who underwent surgery and 138 patients who did not). Progressionfree and overall survival were both significantly longer in the group that underwent surgery (P ϭ 0.01). The difference in median survival was six months. The survival rate at two years was 56 percent for the group that underwent surgery and 46 percent for the group that did not. In the multivariate analysis, debulking surgery was an independent prognostic factor (P ϭ 0.012). Overall, after adjustment for all other prognostic factors, surgery reduced the risk of death by 33 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10 to 50 percent; P ϭ 0.008). Surgery was not associated with death or severe morbidity. Conclusions. Debulking surgery significantly lengthened progression-free and overall survival. The risk of death was reduced by one third, after adjustment for a variety of prognostic factors.

European journal of gynaecological oncology, 1988

From 1965 to 1979 997 consecutive cervical cancer patients were treated at the University of Bres... more From 1965 to 1979 997 consecutive cervical cancer patients were treated at the University of Brescia. Stage I B and II A low risk patients underwent radical surgery, followed by Co60 external pelvic radiation when positive nodes and/or adverse pathological factors on the specimens were encountered. In stage I B the 5-year survival was 95.9% and 82.7% in the two groups and in stage II A 93.3% and 76.5% respectively. Bulky and large tumors were treated by intracavitary radium followed by radical hysterectomy and, if indicated, by Co60 external beam pelvic radiation. All other patients and all stage II B were treated by radiotherapy. The results of primary radical surgery may reflect the favourable preselection of cases. Postoperative radiation teletherapy in case of adverse pathological factors is of benefit to the patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

5154 Background: Treatment of choice for patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (O... more 5154 Background: Treatment of choice for patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) is to be defined. LD is active in relapsed OC with a response rate of 25%. G has shown activity a...

The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2016

Belgium European Academy of Aging (EAMA) http://eama.eu Leadership programme for academic geriatr... more Belgium European Academy of Aging (EAMA) http://eama.eu Leadership programme for academic geriatricians English France Languedoc Roussillon (15-17) http://reseau-idefi-2015.strikingly.com Trans Innov Longévité: Transdisciplinary, multisectoral, private-public partnership to train and coach on frailty, ageing and independent living French

European Geriatric Medicine, 2015

European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2009

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most importa... more Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most important risk factor in the development of cervical cancer is persistent infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus. The standard regimen for treatment of advanced stage cervical cancer is radiotherapy. Although combination of radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy is better than radiotherapy alone, 5-year overall survival remains only 52% suggesting that intrinsic and acquired tumor resistance impedes the improvement of standard treatment. To date there are no markers for predicting treatment outcome in cervical cancer. We thus investigated differential gene expression profiling in therapeutic response and non-response cervical carcinoma using the human whole genome microarrays. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was prepared from cervical tissues obtained from 22 normal and 15 cervical cancer patients, FIGO stage IIIB which were separated into 2 groups based on response to therapy; 7 responses and 8 non-responses. Total RNA in each group was pooled and used to determine gene expression profiles by microarrays. Genes differentially expressed were uploaded and generated the networks using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software. Results: The top 10 up-regulated genes expressed in non-responses compared to responses were REG1A,

British journal of cancer, Jan 11, 2011

We evaluated shedding of epidermal growth factor type II receptor (Her2/neu) extracellular domain... more We evaluated shedding of epidermal growth factor type II receptor (Her2/neu) extracellular domain (ECD) in primary uterine serous carcinoma (USC) cell lines and in the serum of USC patients and its biological effects in experiments of trastuzumab-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Her2/neu expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR and flow cytometry, while c-erbB2 gene amplification was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Her2/neu ECD levels in the supernatants of USC cell lines and in the serum of 38 USC patients and 19 controls were tested using ELISA. The biologic effect of Her2/neu ECD on trastuzumab-induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated in 5-h chromium-release assays. Five out of ten USC cell lines overexpressed Her2/neu by IHC and showed amplification of the c-erbB2 gene. High levels of Her2/neu ECD were found in supernatants of all FISH-positive tumours. In contrast, FISH-negative USC was negati...

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2006

Seminars in oncology, 2000

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 2000

We describe a 65-year-old woman with a large surgically unresectable and chemoresistant liver met... more We describe a 65-year-old woman with a large surgically unresectable and chemoresistant liver metastasis of endometrial carcinoma who was treated by infusion with peripheral blood T cells stimulated with tumor lysate-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DC). Extensive in vitro characterization of the DC-activated T cells included phenotypic analysis, cytotoxicity, and intracellular cytokine secretion. High cytotoxicity was observed against autologous tumor cells, but not against NK-sensitive K562 cells, autologous Con-A lymphoblasts, or autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Blocking studies demonstrated that lytic activity was HLA class I restricted. Two-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that a significant proportion of CD8+ T cells was also CD56+, and analysis of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 expression suggested a type 1 cytokine bias. The patient was treated by three infusions of tumor-specific T cells at 3- to 4-week intervals, and in vivo distributi...

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996

We initiated studies to develop cytokine-secreting human ovarian carcinoma cells for the purpose ... more We initiated studies to develop cytokine-secreting human ovarian carcinoma cells for the purpose of using these cells as vaccines for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN: A human ovarian carcinoma cell line (UC1-107) was genetically engineered to secrete the cytokine interleukin-2 by retrovirai-mediated gene transduction. RESULTS: Qne clone, termed UCI-107A IL-2 AS, constitutively secreted high levels of interteukin-2 (i.e., 2000 to 2300 pg/ml/10 s cells per 48 hours) for >55 passages and 8 months of study. Unlike parental-and vector-transduced cells, UCI-IO7A IL-2 AS cells were aneuploid and failed to express major histocompatibility complex class I and HER2/neu surface antigens. UCI-107A IL-2 AS cells were highly resistant to killing by gamma irradiation and continued to produce high levels of intedeukin-2 even after irradiation with 10,000 cGy. Balb/C nude mice injected intraperitoneally with UCI-107A IL-2 AS cells survived significantly longer than control animals, with 25% of the animals totally rejecting their tumors. UCI-107A IL-2 AS was totally resistant to killing by fresh allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes in four hour chromium 51 release assays but induced high levels of killing in 72-hour long-term cytotoxic assays. CONCLUSION: The potential use of these interteukin-2-secreting ovarian carcinoma cells as vaccines for women with advanced ovarian cancer will be discussed.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2009

e16502 Background: Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a variant of endometrial ... more e16502 Background: Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a variant of endometrial cancer characterized by a highly aggressive biologic behavior and inborn resistance to chemotherapy. MT201 is a fully human monoclonal antibody recently developed against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). In this study we have evaluated the potential of MT201 as a novel therapeutic strategy against USPC. Methods: EpCAM expression was evaluated by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 54 USPC fresh-frozen biopsies and paraffin embedded tissues. EpCAM surface expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in 6 freshly established USPC cell lines derived from advanced stage USPC patients. Sensitivity to MT201 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was tested in standard 4-hour chromium (51Cr) release cytotoxicity assays. Results: EpCAM transcript was significantly overexpressed in fresh frozen USPC when compared ...

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2001

A new disease of sugar beet called Syndrome des Basses Richesses, which appeared in Burgundy and ... more A new disease of sugar beet called Syndrome des Basses Richesses, which appeared in Burgundy and Franche-Comté, France, in 1991, is of uncertain aetiology. However, evidence for aerial transmission of the disease, symptom similarity with yellow wilt and preliminary results of phytoplasma detection, support the hypothesis of a phytoplasma being associated to the disease. A search for a natural phytoplasma

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 1997

We initiated studies to analyze the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation on the surface ant... more We initiated studies to analyze the effects of high doses of gamma irradiation on the surface antigen expression of MHC Class I, Class II, and ICAM-1 on human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The expression of surface antigens (MHC Class I, Class II, and ICAM-1) was evaluated by FACS analysis on two cervical cell lines at different time points, following their exposure to high doses of gamma irradiation (i.e., 25.00, 50.00, and 100.00 Gy). The CaSki and SiHa cervical cancer cells we analyzed in this study expressed variable levels of MHC Class I and ICAM-1 antigens, while Class II surface antigens were not detectable. Whereas irradiation doses of 25.00 Gy were not sufficient to totally block cell replication in both cell lines, exposure to 50.00 or 100.00 Gy was able to completely inhibit cell replication. Range doses from 25.00 to 100.00 Gy significantly and consistently increased the expression of all surface antigens present on the cells prior to irradiation but were unable to induce neoexpression of antigens previously not expressed by these cells (i.e., MHC Class II). Importantly, such upregulation was shown to be dose dependent, with higher radiation doses associated with increased antigen expression. Moreover, when the kinetic of this upregulation was studied after 2 and 6 days after irradiation, it was shown to be persistent and lasted until all the cells died. These findings may partially explain the increased immunogenicity of tumor cells following irradiation and may suggest enhanced immune recognition in tumor tissue in patients receiving radiation therapy.

Annals of Oncology, 2009

Background: A prospective phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of o... more Background: A prospective phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of oral gimatecan in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer. Patients and methods: Patients had a maximum of three prior chemotherapy lines with no more than two prior platinum-containing regimens and a progression-free interval after the last dose of platinum <12 months. A total dose of 4 mg/m 2 /cycle (0.8 mg/m 2 /day from day 1 to day 5) was administered, repeated every 28 days. Results: From June 2005 to December 2005, 69 assessable patients were enrolled. The best overall response to study treatment by combined CA-125 and RECIST criteria was partial response in 17 patients (24.6%) and disease stabilization in 22 patients (31.9%). The median time to progression and overall survival were 3.8 and 16.2 months, respectively. A total of 312 cycles were administered. Neutropenia grade 4 and thrombocytopenia grade 4 occurred in 17.4% and 7.2% of patients, respectively. Diarrhea grade 4 was never observed. Asthenia and fatigue were reported by 36.2% and 18.8% of patients, but were all grade 2 or less. Conclusion: Gimatecan is a new active agent in previously treated ovarian cancer with myelosuppression as main toxicity.

New England Journal of Medicine, 1995

Background. Although the value of primary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer is ... more Background. Although the value of primary cytoreductive surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer is beyond doubt, the value of debulking surgery after induction chemotherapy has not yet been defined. In this randomized study we investigated the effect on survival of debulking surgery. Methods. Eligible patients had residual lesions measuring more than 1 cm in diameter after primary surgery. After three cycles of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin, these patients were randomly assigned to undergo either debulking surgery or no surgery, followed by further cycles of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin. The study end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. At surgery 65 percent of the patients had lesions measuring more than 1 cm. In 45 percent of this group, the lesions were reduced surgically to less than 1 cm. Results. Of the 319 patients who underwent random-ization, 278 could be evaluated (140 patients who underwent surgery and 138 patients who did not). Progressionfree and overall survival were both significantly longer in the group that underwent surgery (P ϭ 0.01). The difference in median survival was six months. The survival rate at two years was 56 percent for the group that underwent surgery and 46 percent for the group that did not. In the multivariate analysis, debulking surgery was an independent prognostic factor (P ϭ 0.012). Overall, after adjustment for all other prognostic factors, surgery reduced the risk of death by 33 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10 to 50 percent; P ϭ 0.008). Surgery was not associated with death or severe morbidity. Conclusions. Debulking surgery significantly lengthened progression-free and overall survival. The risk of death was reduced by one third, after adjustment for a variety of prognostic factors.

European journal of gynaecological oncology, 1988

From 1965 to 1979 997 consecutive cervical cancer patients were treated at the University of Bres... more From 1965 to 1979 997 consecutive cervical cancer patients were treated at the University of Brescia. Stage I B and II A low risk patients underwent radical surgery, followed by Co60 external pelvic radiation when positive nodes and/or adverse pathological factors on the specimens were encountered. In stage I B the 5-year survival was 95.9% and 82.7% in the two groups and in stage II A 93.3% and 76.5% respectively. Bulky and large tumors were treated by intracavitary radium followed by radical hysterectomy and, if indicated, by Co60 external beam pelvic radiation. All other patients and all stage II B were treated by radiotherapy. The results of primary radical surgery may reflect the favourable preselection of cases. Postoperative radiation teletherapy in case of adverse pathological factors is of benefit to the patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005

5154 Background: Treatment of choice for patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (O... more 5154 Background: Treatment of choice for patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) is to be defined. LD is active in relapsed OC with a response rate of 25%. G has shown activity a...

The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2016

Belgium European Academy of Aging (EAMA) http://eama.eu Leadership programme for academic geriatr... more Belgium European Academy of Aging (EAMA) http://eama.eu Leadership programme for academic geriatricians English France Languedoc Roussillon (15-17) http://reseau-idefi-2015.strikingly.com Trans Innov Longévité: Transdisciplinary, multisectoral, private-public partnership to train and coach on frailty, ageing and independent living French

European Geriatric Medicine, 2015

European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2009

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most importa... more Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most important risk factor in the development of cervical cancer is persistent infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus. The standard regimen for treatment of advanced stage cervical cancer is radiotherapy. Although combination of radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy is better than radiotherapy alone, 5-year overall survival remains only 52% suggesting that intrinsic and acquired tumor resistance impedes the improvement of standard treatment. To date there are no markers for predicting treatment outcome in cervical cancer. We thus investigated differential gene expression profiling in therapeutic response and non-response cervical carcinoma using the human whole genome microarrays. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was prepared from cervical tissues obtained from 22 normal and 15 cervical cancer patients, FIGO stage IIIB which were separated into 2 groups based on response to therapy; 7 responses and 8 non-responses. Total RNA in each group was pooled and used to determine gene expression profiles by microarrays. Genes differentially expressed were uploaded and generated the networks using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software. Results: The top 10 up-regulated genes expressed in non-responses compared to responses were REG1A,

British journal of cancer, Jan 11, 2011

We evaluated shedding of epidermal growth factor type II receptor (Her2/neu) extracellular domain... more We evaluated shedding of epidermal growth factor type II receptor (Her2/neu) extracellular domain (ECD) in primary uterine serous carcinoma (USC) cell lines and in the serum of USC patients and its biological effects in experiments of trastuzumab-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Her2/neu expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR and flow cytometry, while c-erbB2 gene amplification was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Her2/neu ECD levels in the supernatants of USC cell lines and in the serum of 38 USC patients and 19 controls were tested using ELISA. The biologic effect of Her2/neu ECD on trastuzumab-induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was evaluated in 5-h chromium-release assays. Five out of ten USC cell lines overexpressed Her2/neu by IHC and showed amplification of the c-erbB2 gene. High levels of Her2/neu ECD were found in supernatants of all FISH-positive tumours. In contrast, FISH-negative USC was negati...

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2006