S. Touzain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by S. Touzain

Research paper thumbnail of Corrosion Behavior of Al Based Multilayer Sacrificial Coatings

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Use of ionic liquids in SECM experiments to distinguish effects of temperature and water in organic coating swelling

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2020

Abstract During hygrothermal ageing of organic coatings, water and temperature lead to a coating ... more Abstract During hygrothermal ageing of organic coatings, water and temperature lead to a coating swelling which can be in situ monitored by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). However, it is difficult to separate the respective influence of water and temperature when ageing is performed in aqueous solution. In order to overcome this problem, room temperature ionic liquids can be a solution. In this work, a model DGEBA/DAMP polyepoxide resin, with or without pigments (TiO2) was applied onto steel Q-panels, with a thickness about 100 μm, completely cross-linked, and was aged in a 3 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. The swelling was measured by SECM for different ageing temperatures in the saline solution. The same epoxy systems were placed in RTIL (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidiazolium ethyl sulfate) and the swelling was measured by SECM at different temperatures. A typical procedure was applied in order to analyze SECM results obtained in RTIL. The results allowed to evaluate the respective contribution of water uptake and temperature to the global coating swelling. The swelling due to temperature was 0.5%/10 °C for unpigmented coatings and 0.3%/10 °C for pigmented coatings while the total swelling was respectively about 5% and 4%, which is higher than the water uptake at saturation. It was then proposed that the swelling excess (about 2% and 1% for unpigmented coating and pigmented coatings respectively) was related to the internal stress relaxation of the polymer network during immersion.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical analysis of the effect of the presence, number and shape of bonding defect on the shear stresses distribution in an adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint; Part 1

Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze by three-dimensional finite element method, t... more Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze by three-dimensional finite element method, the effect of the position, number and shape of the bonding defect on the shear stress distribution in the adhesive layer used to joint two aluminum 2024-T3 plates. Numerical analysis allowed us to deduce that the bonding defect presence has a negative effect on the value of the shear stresses in the adhesive layer and therefore the durability of the assembly. Whatever the size of the defect, the maximum stresses are always localized at the adhesive edge. If the overlap length is important, the effect of defect on joint strength is lower.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of polar groups concentration and free volume on water sorption in model epoxy free films and coatings

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2016

Abstract The water sorption characteristics have been determined for two model epoxy systems base... more Abstract The water sorption characteristics have been determined for two model epoxy systems based on the DGEBA resin and two amine hardeners (TETA and DAMP). A particular attention was paid to the curing protocol to control the macromolecular architectures. Using FTIR, DSC and DMTA measurements, it was demonstrated that both network microstructures differ mainly in the polar groups density, the potential crosslinking nodes and the free volume. DGEBA/DAMP system presents a higher free volume fraction and a lower polar groups concentration compared to the DGEBA/TETA system. Gravimetric measurements on free films and EIS experiments onto coated steel Q-panels were carried out to follow the water sorption kinetics at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). For both epoxy systems, the diffusion processes follow a pseudo-fickian behaviour with two diffusive stages. Solubility and diffusion processes are discussed in relation with the microstructural specificities of the polymer networks using a thermodynamic framework. The main result is that in DGEBA/DAMP and DGEBA/TETA systems, the water diffusion and solubility are mainly governed by a water polar group interaction mechanism.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical simulation of the far-field boundaries onto a microdisc electrode by using the infinite element

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Water uptake in free films and coatings using the Brasher and Kingsbury equation: a possible explanation of the different values obtained by electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy and gravimetry

Electrochimica Acta, 2017

Abstract For many years, the water uptake in organic coatings was measured by EIS and/or gravimet... more Abstract For many years, the water uptake in organic coatings was measured by EIS and/or gravimetry but differences in water content values were found in almost all studies. The Brasher-Kingsbury equation used in the electrochemical analysis (EIS) is often criticized because elementary assumptions may be unvalid. The origin of the discrepancy between both methods is still of interest because many questions remain open and this study aims to provide new insights to these questions. In this work, free films and coatings of a model epoxy-amine system were immersed in a 3 wt.% NaCl solution. The water uptake in free films was evaluated using gravimetric measurements and EIS, using the Basher-Kingsbury equation. The mass of free-films used in the EIS tests was measured and compare to gravimetric measurements while the water uptake (EIS) in free films was compared to that obtained with coatings. It was found that the mass increase of free films tested with EIS was in agreement with gravimetric measurements but was always lower than the water uptake obtained by EIS. Moreover, the water uptake in free films (EIS) was different from that obtained with coatings. In all cases, it was found that the Basher-Kingsbury equation overestimated the water uptake. It appears that the differences between EIS and gravimetric measurements can be analyzed in terms of geometrical effects. Indeed, the swelling in free films and coatings can be monitored by DMA and SECM during ageing. Finally, by mixing the experimental swelling data and the Brasher-Kingsbury equation, the same value of water uptake was obtained by EIS and gravimetry for coatings.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of composite patch on the J-integral in adhesive layer for repaired aluminum plate

The aim of this study is to perform a finite element analysis of the Von Mises stresses distribut... more The aim of this study is to perform a finite element analysis of the Von Mises stresses distribution in the adhesive layer and of the J-Integral for a damaged plate repaired by a composite patch. Firstly, we study the effect of the fiber orientation, especially the position of the layers that have orientation angle different of 0° from the first layer which is in all cases of our study oriented at (0°) on the J-Integral. Secondly, we evaluate the effects of the mechanical properties of the patch and the use of a hybrid patch on the reduction of stresses distribution and J-Integral. The results show clearly that the stacking sequence for the composite patch must be selected to absorb optimally the stresses from the damaged area and to position the various layers of the composite under the first layer whose fibers orientation will remain in all cases equal to 0°. The use of a hybrid composite reduces significantly the J-Integral and the stresses in both damaged plate and the adhesive ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Hygrothermal ageing effect of ADEKIT A140 adhesive on the J-integral of a plate repaired by composite patch

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

Abstract The effect of an hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical behavior of the bulk adhesive ‘Ad... more Abstract The effect of an hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical behavior of the bulk adhesive ‘Adekit A140 epoxy’ was investigated. The bulk test specimens of the adhesive were immersed in distilled water at various temperatures (20, 40 and 60 °C). Under these conditions, the tensile properties were determined and used in a numerical study about the behavior of bonded assemblies allowing to calculate the J-Integral. The obtained results illustrate the variation of the mechanical behavior of bulk adhesive depending on the immersion time and environmental temperature. The presence of water in the adhesive decreases the tensile strength and the elastic modulus but also increases the ductility of material. These changes in mechanical properties are more important when the percentage of water absorbed increases. The temperature increases the amount of absorbed water in the adhesive, consequently increases the degradation kinetics with the immersion time and directly affect the load transfer rate of the damaged area to the composite patch and therefore the value of the integral J.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of pigment and internal stresses on water uptake in model epoxy: a thermodynamic approach

Journal of Materials Science

AbstractThis study focused on the influence of a pigment (titanium dioxide at rates of 10 and 20 ... more AbstractThis study focused on the influence of a pigment (titanium dioxide at rates of 10 and 20 wt%) on the hygrothermal ageing of a model epoxy polymer resin (DGEBA–DAMP). An ageing cycle composed of sorption and desorption steps was applied at different temperatures. Gravimetric study was carried out on free films. Results of pigmented samples were compared with those of the resin alone to better understand impact of the titanium dioxide. TiO2 had no major influence on gravimetric curves: water content curves exhibited a pseudo-Fickian behaviour during sorption and Fickian one during desorption. Moreover, results pointed out that pigment did not absorb water. Curve treatment allowed to obtain diffusion coefficient and water content at equilibrium for each step of ageing. Values of diffusion coefficients indicated that titanium dioxide did not have major influence on the beginning of diffusion, whereas it slowed down the end of water uptake. During sorption, water content at equilibrium was dependent on TiO2 amount. After desorption, pigmented systems contained residual water for ageing cycles at high temperature. Finally, results of diffusion coefficients showed that diffusion phenomena were heat dependent. A thermodynamic approach was then used to have access to enthalpy of diffusion ΔH and pre-exponential factor D0. These parameters were impacted by the presence of titanium dioxide. This was mainly due to the presence of additional internal stresses of Type II.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water ingress onto the crack propagation rate in a AA2024-T3 plate repaired by a carbon/epoxy patch

Aerospace Science and Technology

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze by experimental tests, the effect of hygrother... more Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze by experimental tests, the effect of hygrothermal aging of the patch and the adhesive on the fatigue behavior of a damaged 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired by a carbon/epoxy patch composite. The effect of the water absorption by the composite patch and the adhesive has a significant effect on the load transfer from the damaged plate and therefore on the delay of the crack propagation. The more water immersion time is important, the less is the fatigue strength of the repaired structure. The experimental results showed that the number of cycles to fracture is directly related to the aging time.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the presence of defects on the adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint—Part II: Probabilistic assessment of the critical state

Aerospace Science and Technology

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the variation of shear stresses in the adhesive layer, used in... more Abstract In this paper, we analyze the variation of shear stresses in the adhesive layer, used in a single lap joint, in the presence of variable numbers and positions of defects. The results of the value of maximal shear stresses were used to develop a shear stress probability distribution models in the adhesive of SLJ with presence of one, ten and fifty defects with random position to improve the damage probability. Based on the result found in part-I [1] , a set of theoretical samples was generated and their corresponding histograms using Freedman–Diaconis method. Seven different probability density functions (PDFs) were fitted to these histograms. In each case, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to evaluate the quality of fit. Finally, after substituting the values of estimated parameters for each distribution, a set of fully defined PDFs have been proposed for the shear stress in the adhesive layer of SLJ in the presence of artificial defects with random positions. This PDF has been used to introduce a new criterion included critical shear stress but also distribution parameters of damage.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A new analytical approach for optimization design of adhesively bonded single-lap joint

Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical behavior of Ni W alloys obtained by magnetron sputtering

Surface and Coatings Technology

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Some comments on the use of the EIS phase angle to evaluate organic coating degradation

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of EIS characterisation of new zinc-rich powder coatings

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of adhesive ageing using mechanical and electrochemical inspection

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2006

ABSTRACT

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical and anticorrosion performances of zinc-rich and polyaniline powder coatings

Electrochimica Acta, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of chlorinated disinfection on copper corrosion in hot water systems

Applied Surface Science, 2014

ABSTRACT In France, hot water quality control inside buildings is occasionally ensured by disinfe... more ABSTRACT In France, hot water quality control inside buildings is occasionally ensured by disinfection treatments using temperature increases or addition of sodium hypochlorite (between 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm residual free chlorine). This disinfectant is a strong oxidiser and it could interact with metallic pipes usually used in hot water systems. This work deals with the study of the impact of these treatments on the durability of copper pipes. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration and temperature on the copper corrosion mechanism. Copper samples were tested under dynamic and static conditions of ageing with sodium hypochlorite solutions ranging from 0 to 100 ppm with temperature at 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C. The efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor was investigated in dynamic conditions. Visual observations and analytical analyses of the internal surface of samples was studied at different ageing duration. Corrosion products were characterised by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Temperature and disinfectant were found to considerably affect the copper corrosion mechanism. Surprisingly, the corrosiveness of the solution was higher at lower temperatures. The temperature influences the nature of corrosion products. The protection efficiency is then strongly depend on the nature of the corrosion products formed at the surface of copper samples exposed to the aggressive solutions containing different concentration of disinfectant.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetics and Characterisation of Calcareous Deposits under Cathodic Protection in Natural Sea Water

Materials Science Forum, 1998

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Zinc-rich powder coatings corrosion in sea water: influence of conductive pigments

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Corrosion Behavior of Al Based Multilayer Sacrificial Coatings

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Use of ionic liquids in SECM experiments to distinguish effects of temperature and water in organic coating swelling

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2020

Abstract During hygrothermal ageing of organic coatings, water and temperature lead to a coating ... more Abstract During hygrothermal ageing of organic coatings, water and temperature lead to a coating swelling which can be in situ monitored by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). However, it is difficult to separate the respective influence of water and temperature when ageing is performed in aqueous solution. In order to overcome this problem, room temperature ionic liquids can be a solution. In this work, a model DGEBA/DAMP polyepoxide resin, with or without pigments (TiO2) was applied onto steel Q-panels, with a thickness about 100 μm, completely cross-linked, and was aged in a 3 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. The swelling was measured by SECM for different ageing temperatures in the saline solution. The same epoxy systems were placed in RTIL (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidiazolium ethyl sulfate) and the swelling was measured by SECM at different temperatures. A typical procedure was applied in order to analyze SECM results obtained in RTIL. The results allowed to evaluate the respective contribution of water uptake and temperature to the global coating swelling. The swelling due to temperature was 0.5%/10 °C for unpigmented coatings and 0.3%/10 °C for pigmented coatings while the total swelling was respectively about 5% and 4%, which is higher than the water uptake at saturation. It was then proposed that the swelling excess (about 2% and 1% for unpigmented coating and pigmented coatings respectively) was related to the internal stress relaxation of the polymer network during immersion.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical analysis of the effect of the presence, number and shape of bonding defect on the shear stresses distribution in an adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint; Part 1

Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze by three-dimensional finite element method, t... more Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze by three-dimensional finite element method, the effect of the position, number and shape of the bonding defect on the shear stress distribution in the adhesive layer used to joint two aluminum 2024-T3 plates. Numerical analysis allowed us to deduce that the bonding defect presence has a negative effect on the value of the shear stresses in the adhesive layer and therefore the durability of the assembly. Whatever the size of the defect, the maximum stresses are always localized at the adhesive edge. If the overlap length is important, the effect of defect on joint strength is lower.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of polar groups concentration and free volume on water sorption in model epoxy free films and coatings

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2016

Abstract The water sorption characteristics have been determined for two model epoxy systems base... more Abstract The water sorption characteristics have been determined for two model epoxy systems based on the DGEBA resin and two amine hardeners (TETA and DAMP). A particular attention was paid to the curing protocol to control the macromolecular architectures. Using FTIR, DSC and DMTA measurements, it was demonstrated that both network microstructures differ mainly in the polar groups density, the potential crosslinking nodes and the free volume. DGEBA/DAMP system presents a higher free volume fraction and a lower polar groups concentration compared to the DGEBA/TETA system. Gravimetric measurements on free films and EIS experiments onto coated steel Q-panels were carried out to follow the water sorption kinetics at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). For both epoxy systems, the diffusion processes follow a pseudo-fickian behaviour with two diffusive stages. Solubility and diffusion processes are discussed in relation with the microstructural specificities of the polymer networks using a thermodynamic framework. The main result is that in DGEBA/DAMP and DGEBA/TETA systems, the water diffusion and solubility are mainly governed by a water polar group interaction mechanism.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Numerical simulation of the far-field boundaries onto a microdisc electrode by using the infinite element

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2014

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Water uptake in free films and coatings using the Brasher and Kingsbury equation: a possible explanation of the different values obtained by electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy and gravimetry

Electrochimica Acta, 2017

Abstract For many years, the water uptake in organic coatings was measured by EIS and/or gravimet... more Abstract For many years, the water uptake in organic coatings was measured by EIS and/or gravimetry but differences in water content values were found in almost all studies. The Brasher-Kingsbury equation used in the electrochemical analysis (EIS) is often criticized because elementary assumptions may be unvalid. The origin of the discrepancy between both methods is still of interest because many questions remain open and this study aims to provide new insights to these questions. In this work, free films and coatings of a model epoxy-amine system were immersed in a 3 wt.% NaCl solution. The water uptake in free films was evaluated using gravimetric measurements and EIS, using the Basher-Kingsbury equation. The mass of free-films used in the EIS tests was measured and compare to gravimetric measurements while the water uptake (EIS) in free films was compared to that obtained with coatings. It was found that the mass increase of free films tested with EIS was in agreement with gravimetric measurements but was always lower than the water uptake obtained by EIS. Moreover, the water uptake in free films (EIS) was different from that obtained with coatings. In all cases, it was found that the Basher-Kingsbury equation overestimated the water uptake. It appears that the differences between EIS and gravimetric measurements can be analyzed in terms of geometrical effects. Indeed, the swelling in free films and coatings can be monitored by DMA and SECM during ageing. Finally, by mixing the experimental swelling data and the Brasher-Kingsbury equation, the same value of water uptake was obtained by EIS and gravimetry for coatings.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of composite patch on the J-integral in adhesive layer for repaired aluminum plate

The aim of this study is to perform a finite element analysis of the Von Mises stresses distribut... more The aim of this study is to perform a finite element analysis of the Von Mises stresses distribution in the adhesive layer and of the J-Integral for a damaged plate repaired by a composite patch. Firstly, we study the effect of the fiber orientation, especially the position of the layers that have orientation angle different of 0° from the first layer which is in all cases of our study oriented at (0°) on the J-Integral. Secondly, we evaluate the effects of the mechanical properties of the patch and the use of a hybrid patch on the reduction of stresses distribution and J-Integral. The results show clearly that the stacking sequence for the composite patch must be selected to absorb optimally the stresses from the damaged area and to position the various layers of the composite under the first layer whose fibers orientation will remain in all cases equal to 0°. The use of a hybrid composite reduces significantly the J-Integral and the stresses in both damaged plate and the adhesive ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Hygrothermal ageing effect of ADEKIT A140 adhesive on the J-integral of a plate repaired by composite patch

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

Abstract The effect of an hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical behavior of the bulk adhesive ‘Ad... more Abstract The effect of an hygrothermal ageing on the mechanical behavior of the bulk adhesive ‘Adekit A140 epoxy’ was investigated. The bulk test specimens of the adhesive were immersed in distilled water at various temperatures (20, 40 and 60 °C). Under these conditions, the tensile properties were determined and used in a numerical study about the behavior of bonded assemblies allowing to calculate the J-Integral. The obtained results illustrate the variation of the mechanical behavior of bulk adhesive depending on the immersion time and environmental temperature. The presence of water in the adhesive decreases the tensile strength and the elastic modulus but also increases the ductility of material. These changes in mechanical properties are more important when the percentage of water absorbed increases. The temperature increases the amount of absorbed water in the adhesive, consequently increases the degradation kinetics with the immersion time and directly affect the load transfer rate of the damaged area to the composite patch and therefore the value of the integral J.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of pigment and internal stresses on water uptake in model epoxy: a thermodynamic approach

Journal of Materials Science

AbstractThis study focused on the influence of a pigment (titanium dioxide at rates of 10 and 20 ... more AbstractThis study focused on the influence of a pigment (titanium dioxide at rates of 10 and 20 wt%) on the hygrothermal ageing of a model epoxy polymer resin (DGEBA–DAMP). An ageing cycle composed of sorption and desorption steps was applied at different temperatures. Gravimetric study was carried out on free films. Results of pigmented samples were compared with those of the resin alone to better understand impact of the titanium dioxide. TiO2 had no major influence on gravimetric curves: water content curves exhibited a pseudo-Fickian behaviour during sorption and Fickian one during desorption. Moreover, results pointed out that pigment did not absorb water. Curve treatment allowed to obtain diffusion coefficient and water content at equilibrium for each step of ageing. Values of diffusion coefficients indicated that titanium dioxide did not have major influence on the beginning of diffusion, whereas it slowed down the end of water uptake. During sorption, water content at equilibrium was dependent on TiO2 amount. After desorption, pigmented systems contained residual water for ageing cycles at high temperature. Finally, results of diffusion coefficients showed that diffusion phenomena were heat dependent. A thermodynamic approach was then used to have access to enthalpy of diffusion ΔH and pre-exponential factor D0. These parameters were impacted by the presence of titanium dioxide. This was mainly due to the presence of additional internal stresses of Type II.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of water ingress onto the crack propagation rate in a AA2024-T3 plate repaired by a carbon/epoxy patch

Aerospace Science and Technology

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze by experimental tests, the effect of hygrother... more Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze by experimental tests, the effect of hygrothermal aging of the patch and the adhesive on the fatigue behavior of a damaged 2024-T3 aluminum plate repaired by a carbon/epoxy patch composite. The effect of the water absorption by the composite patch and the adhesive has a significant effect on the load transfer from the damaged plate and therefore on the delay of the crack propagation. The more water immersion time is important, the less is the fatigue strength of the repaired structure. The experimental results showed that the number of cycles to fracture is directly related to the aging time.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the presence of defects on the adhesive layer for the single-lap bonded joint—Part II: Probabilistic assessment of the critical state

Aerospace Science and Technology

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the variation of shear stresses in the adhesive layer, used in... more Abstract In this paper, we analyze the variation of shear stresses in the adhesive layer, used in a single lap joint, in the presence of variable numbers and positions of defects. The results of the value of maximal shear stresses were used to develop a shear stress probability distribution models in the adhesive of SLJ with presence of one, ten and fifty defects with random position to improve the damage probability. Based on the result found in part-I [1] , a set of theoretical samples was generated and their corresponding histograms using Freedman–Diaconis method. Seven different probability density functions (PDFs) were fitted to these histograms. In each case, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to evaluate the quality of fit. Finally, after substituting the values of estimated parameters for each distribution, a set of fully defined PDFs have been proposed for the shear stress in the adhesive layer of SLJ in the presence of artificial defects with random positions. This PDF has been used to introduce a new criterion included critical shear stress but also distribution parameters of damage.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of A new analytical approach for optimization design of adhesively bonded single-lap joint

Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical behavior of Ni W alloys obtained by magnetron sputtering

Surface and Coatings Technology

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Some comments on the use of the EIS phase angle to evaluate organic coating degradation

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of EIS characterisation of new zinc-rich powder coatings

Progress in Organic Coatings, 2007

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of adhesive ageing using mechanical and electrochemical inspection

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2006

ABSTRACT

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical and anticorrosion performances of zinc-rich and polyaniline powder coatings

Electrochimica Acta, 2008

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of chlorinated disinfection on copper corrosion in hot water systems

Applied Surface Science, 2014

ABSTRACT In France, hot water quality control inside buildings is occasionally ensured by disinfe... more ABSTRACT In France, hot water quality control inside buildings is occasionally ensured by disinfection treatments using temperature increases or addition of sodium hypochlorite (between 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm residual free chlorine). This disinfectant is a strong oxidiser and it could interact with metallic pipes usually used in hot water systems. This work deals with the study of the impact of these treatments on the durability of copper pipes. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration and temperature on the copper corrosion mechanism. Copper samples were tested under dynamic and static conditions of ageing with sodium hypochlorite solutions ranging from 0 to 100 ppm with temperature at 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C. The efficiency of a corrosion inhibitor was investigated in dynamic conditions. Visual observations and analytical analyses of the internal surface of samples was studied at different ageing duration. Corrosion products were characterised by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Temperature and disinfectant were found to considerably affect the copper corrosion mechanism. Surprisingly, the corrosiveness of the solution was higher at lower temperatures. The temperature influences the nature of corrosion products. The protection efficiency is then strongly depend on the nature of the corrosion products formed at the surface of copper samples exposed to the aggressive solutions containing different concentration of disinfectant.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Kinetics and Characterisation of Calcareous Deposits under Cathodic Protection in Natural Sea Water

Materials Science Forum, 1998

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Zinc-rich powder coatings corrosion in sea water: influence of conductive pigments

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact