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Background: The burden of infectious disease is a global problem and Indian population faces a si... more Background: The burden of infectious disease is a global problem and Indian population faces a significant number of morbidity and mortality due to this. To overcome this burden antimicrobial drugs are widely used in health care settings but in past few years overwhelming practice of these drugs created unnecessary emergence of resistance and adverse drug reactions. The rationality of usage of these drugs is being faded. This study was thus undertaken to evaluate error in antimicrobial prescribing pattern so that we can suggest some possible remedies at least in our hospital settings. Methods: The prospective study was carried out for a period of 3 months in medicine outpatient department of Medical college hospital, Raigarh. The prescriptions having at least one antimicrobial drug prescribed were taken for the study. The collected prescriptions were analyzed in terms of legibility, demographic details of patients, pharmacological aspect of drugs and WHO prescription indicators. Res...

Background: Antihistamines having H-1 receptor blocking properties are one of the preferred agent... more Background: Antihistamines having H-1 receptor blocking properties are one of the preferred agents for treatment of allergic symptoms of various dermatological disorders . There are guidelines which allow rational use of these drugs. But a significant number of these agents are prescribed irrationally. To strengthen rational use periodic assessment of prescribing patterns may modify therapeutic effectiveness and unwanted adverse drug reactions. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 3 months in the outpatient Department of Dermatology of Government Medical College Hospital, Raigarh. The prescriptions having at least one H1 Antihistamine drug prescribed were taken for the study. The collected prescriptions were analyzed in terms of legibility, demographic details of patients, pattern of skin diseases reported, trends in antihistamine drug usage and WHO prescription indicators. Results: Out of the total 508 collected legible prescripti...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Nov 25, 2019

Background: Prescription error and irrational prescribing are the avoidable problems imposed on h... more Background: Prescription error and irrational prescribing are the avoidable problems imposed on health care delivery system from prescriber side which must be addressed. Periodic prescription audit helps to curtail the error and irrational prescribing. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients visiting various Outpatient Department of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand on all working days at 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM from 1 August 2018 to 31 July 2019. Various aspects of collected prescriptions were analyzed by using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: In this study, out of 700 prescriptions collected, 76 were excluded. Out of total 624 patients analyzed, 382 (61.28%) were male and 242 (38.72%) were female. 48 (7.69%) patients belonged to ≤18, 464 (74.36%) to 19-64 and 112 (17.95%) to ≥65 years of age group. Tablet (71%) was the most common dosage form. None of prescriptions were having registration number of the doctor. 242 (38.78%) prescriptions did not have a diagnosis duly written. The total no. of drugs prescribed in 624 prescriptions was 2176. Only 32 (5.13%) prescriptions were found to have medicines prescribed in block letters. Antibiotics (29%) were the most common class of drugs prescribed. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.47. Only 48 (2.20%) drugs were prescribed by their generic name while total of injectables prescribed were 102 (4.68%). Total number of drugs from NLEM was 848 (38.97%). 196 (9.00%) drugs were fixed-dose combination. Conclusions: In our study, we found deficiencies in various parts of prescriptions. Prescribing pattern was not in accordance with WHO recommendation for prescribing practice.

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018

Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and r... more Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and rational use of drugs. In our country the value of drugs prescribed is in crores but a significant proportion of drugs is prescribed irrationally. This is probably due to defect in prescription pattern, lack of knowledge in health care personnel, pressure from drug manufacturing companies and many more. To promote rational use of drugs, standard policies must be set and this can be achieved only after auditing current prescription practices.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in Medical college hospital, Raigarh in the month of January 2018. Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from pharmacy and the prescriptions were analysed on various parameters like patient’s demography, parts of a prescription, information related to doctor and drugs.Results: In this study, we found that percentage of generic drugs were 58.02% and 70.43% drugs were from essential drug list. Only...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, safety and tolerability of azils... more BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, safety and tolerability of azilsartan and telmisartan in terms of their blood pressure lowering capacity, effect on hematological and biochemical profile and side effects respectively in patients of essential hypertension. METHODS : This was an observational, prospective, open label, randomized, parallel study. The study was conducted after getting approval from the ethics committee at RIMS, Ranchi. Total sample size was 108. Blood pressure recordings, hematologic and biochemical investigations were done at the beginning of study and at every visit according to study design. The first group was prescribed tablet azilsartan 40mg once daily and the other tablet telmisartan 40 mg once daily at the beginning. Each patient was followed for 12 weeks and total study duration was 1 year. RESULTS : The treatment arms showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of study peri...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2017

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century and its ... more Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century and its co-existence with hypertension is frequent. These conditions often require polypharmacy with possible risk of drug interaction. This study is conducted to investigate the effect of amlodipine on blood glucose level in euglycemic and diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide.Methods: Rats were divided into six groups of 6 rats in each group. Group 1 and 3 were non-diabetic given 1% Gum acacia and amlodipine respectively. Group 2, 4, 5 and 6 were made diabetic by using nicotinamide and streptozotocin injection intra peritoneally and given 1% Gum acacia, glibenclamide, amlodipine and amlodipine + glibenclamide respectively for the period of 28 days. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were measured before induction of diabetes, 72 hrs after the induction, on day 0, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day.Results: Amlodipine produced no significant effect on FBG level in non-d...

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phe... more INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. Various distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the aetiology of DM factors contributing to hyperglycaemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. When fully expressed diabetes is characterized by fasting hyperglycaemia. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially heart, kidneys, eyes and blood vessels. Diabetes may present with characteristic symptoms such as thirst, polyurea, blurring of vision, polyphagia, and weight loss and in its most severe form diabetic ketoacidosis and non ketotic hyperosmolar state, which in absence of effective intervention lead to stupor, coma and death. 1 At present, India is considered as the diabetic capital of the world by WHO. There are approximately 3.5 crore diabetics in India, and this figure is expected to increase up to 5.2 crore by 2025. Every fifth patient visiting a consulting physician is a diabetic. By the year 2025 it is predicted that India will have a rise of 59 percent of diabetics in the population-which is the highest number of diabetic patients in the world. 2 ABSTRACT Background: Thiamine is a member of the vitamin B family. Thiamine is necessary for normal insulin synthesis and secretion. In diabetes thiamine and its derivative benfotiamine showed promising results in prevention of microvascular complications. Some experimental and clinical studies have shown the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine. This study compared the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine with metformin in streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: 24 albino rats were taken and divided into four groups of six rats in each group. The groups were normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with thiamine, diabetic rats treated with metformin. Diabetes was induced in three groups by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin in the dose of 60 mg/kg. To have an ideal type 2 diabetes model nicotinamide was administered 120 mg/ kg intraperitoneally fifteen minutes before streptozotocin administration. After successful induction of diabetes thiamine and metformin were given to the respective group for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was estimated on day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 of treatment. Results: In this study both thiamine and metformin showed significant antihyperglycaemic effect (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine with other established anti diabetic drugs. Conclusions: From this study we concluded that individually both thiamine and metformin were effective in controlling hyperglycaemia but metformin was better in achieving normal mean FBS. Further studies are required to validate the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine. Study taking different doses of thiamine or with increasing the duration of study period can elaborate the role of thiamine in achieving proper glycemic control.

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically over the past two decades from an est... more The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically over the past two decades from an estimated 30 million cases in 1985 to 382 million in 2013. The traditional anti diabetic drugs have several drawbacks in long term use. Thiamine is a member of the vitamin B family. Thiamine is necessary for normal insulin synthesis and secretion. So it may be beneficial in diabetic persons where insulin synthesis and secretion are disturbed. Albino rats used in this study was divided into four groups; six rats in each group. The groups were normal control, diabetic control, non-diabetic rats treated with thiamine and diabetic rats treated with thiamine. Diabetes was produced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin in the dose of 60 mg/kg. Fifteen minutes before streptozotocin administration nicotinamide was administered 120 mg/ kg intraperitoneally. Thiamine was given to the respective group for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was estimated at the end of every week. In no...

Background: The burden of infectious disease is a global problem and Indian population faces a si... more Background: The burden of infectious disease is a global problem and Indian population faces a significant number of morbidity and mortality due to this. To overcome this burden antimicrobial drugs are widely used in health care settings but in past few years overwhelming practice of these drugs created unnecessary emergence of resistance and adverse drug reactions. The rationality of usage of these drugs is being faded. This study was thus undertaken to evaluate error in antimicrobial prescribing pattern so that we can suggest some possible remedies at least in our hospital settings. Methods: The prospective study was carried out for a period of 3 months in medicine outpatient department of Medical college hospital, Raigarh. The prescriptions having at least one antimicrobial drug prescribed were taken for the study. The collected prescriptions were analyzed in terms of legibility, demographic details of patients, pharmacological aspect of drugs and WHO prescription indicators. Res...

Background: Antihistamines having H-1 receptor blocking properties are one of the preferred agent... more Background: Antihistamines having H-1 receptor blocking properties are one of the preferred agents for treatment of allergic symptoms of various dermatological disorders . There are guidelines which allow rational use of these drugs. But a significant number of these agents are prescribed irrationally. To strengthen rational use periodic assessment of prescribing patterns may modify therapeutic effectiveness and unwanted adverse drug reactions. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 3 months in the outpatient Department of Dermatology of Government Medical College Hospital, Raigarh. The prescriptions having at least one H1 Antihistamine drug prescribed were taken for the study. The collected prescriptions were analyzed in terms of legibility, demographic details of patients, pattern of skin diseases reported, trends in antihistamine drug usage and WHO prescription indicators. Results: Out of the total 508 collected legible prescripti...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, Nov 25, 2019

Background: Prescription error and irrational prescribing are the avoidable problems imposed on h... more Background: Prescription error and irrational prescribing are the avoidable problems imposed on health care delivery system from prescriber side which must be addressed. Periodic prescription audit helps to curtail the error and irrational prescribing. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients visiting various Outpatient Department of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand on all working days at 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM from 1 August 2018 to 31 July 2019. Various aspects of collected prescriptions were analyzed by using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: In this study, out of 700 prescriptions collected, 76 were excluded. Out of total 624 patients analyzed, 382 (61.28%) were male and 242 (38.72%) were female. 48 (7.69%) patients belonged to ≤18, 464 (74.36%) to 19-64 and 112 (17.95%) to ≥65 years of age group. Tablet (71%) was the most common dosage form. None of prescriptions were having registration number of the doctor. 242 (38.78%) prescriptions did not have a diagnosis duly written. The total no. of drugs prescribed in 624 prescriptions was 2176. Only 32 (5.13%) prescriptions were found to have medicines prescribed in block letters. Antibiotics (29%) were the most common class of drugs prescribed. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.47. Only 48 (2.20%) drugs were prescribed by their generic name while total of injectables prescribed were 102 (4.68%). Total number of drugs from NLEM was 848 (38.97%). 196 (9.00%) drugs were fixed-dose combination. Conclusions: In our study, we found deficiencies in various parts of prescriptions. Prescribing pattern was not in accordance with WHO recommendation for prescribing practice.

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018

Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and r... more Background: Prescription audit is one of the methods to assess the drug utilization pattern and rational use of drugs. In our country the value of drugs prescribed is in crores but a significant proportion of drugs is prescribed irrationally. This is probably due to defect in prescription pattern, lack of knowledge in health care personnel, pressure from drug manufacturing companies and many more. To promote rational use of drugs, standard policies must be set and this can be achieved only after auditing current prescription practices.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in Medical college hospital, Raigarh in the month of January 2018. Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from pharmacy and the prescriptions were analysed on various parameters like patient’s demography, parts of a prescription, information related to doctor and drugs.Results: In this study, we found that percentage of generic drugs were 58.02% and 70.43% drugs were from essential drug list. Only...

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2020

BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, safety and tolerability of azils... more BACKGROUND : The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, safety and tolerability of azilsartan and telmisartan in terms of their blood pressure lowering capacity, effect on hematological and biochemical profile and side effects respectively in patients of essential hypertension. METHODS : This was an observational, prospective, open label, randomized, parallel study. The study was conducted after getting approval from the ethics committee at RIMS, Ranchi. Total sample size was 108. Blood pressure recordings, hematologic and biochemical investigations were done at the beginning of study and at every visit according to study design. The first group was prescribed tablet azilsartan 40mg once daily and the other tablet telmisartan 40 mg once daily at the beginning. Each patient was followed for 12 weeks and total study duration was 1 year. RESULTS : The treatment arms showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of study peri...

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2017

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century and its ... more Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century and its co-existence with hypertension is frequent. These conditions often require polypharmacy with possible risk of drug interaction. This study is conducted to investigate the effect of amlodipine on blood glucose level in euglycemic and diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide.Methods: Rats were divided into six groups of 6 rats in each group. Group 1 and 3 were non-diabetic given 1% Gum acacia and amlodipine respectively. Group 2, 4, 5 and 6 were made diabetic by using nicotinamide and streptozotocin injection intra peritoneally and given 1% Gum acacia, glibenclamide, amlodipine and amlodipine + glibenclamide respectively for the period of 28 days. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were measured before induction of diabetes, 72 hrs after the induction, on day 0, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day.Results: Amlodipine produced no significant effect on FBG level in non-d...

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phe... more INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. Various distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the aetiology of DM factors contributing to hyperglycaemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. When fully expressed diabetes is characterized by fasting hyperglycaemia. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially heart, kidneys, eyes and blood vessels. Diabetes may present with characteristic symptoms such as thirst, polyurea, blurring of vision, polyphagia, and weight loss and in its most severe form diabetic ketoacidosis and non ketotic hyperosmolar state, which in absence of effective intervention lead to stupor, coma and death. 1 At present, India is considered as the diabetic capital of the world by WHO. There are approximately 3.5 crore diabetics in India, and this figure is expected to increase up to 5.2 crore by 2025. Every fifth patient visiting a consulting physician is a diabetic. By the year 2025 it is predicted that India will have a rise of 59 percent of diabetics in the population-which is the highest number of diabetic patients in the world. 2 ABSTRACT Background: Thiamine is a member of the vitamin B family. Thiamine is necessary for normal insulin synthesis and secretion. In diabetes thiamine and its derivative benfotiamine showed promising results in prevention of microvascular complications. Some experimental and clinical studies have shown the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine. This study compared the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine with metformin in streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: 24 albino rats were taken and divided into four groups of six rats in each group. The groups were normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with thiamine, diabetic rats treated with metformin. Diabetes was induced in three groups by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin in the dose of 60 mg/kg. To have an ideal type 2 diabetes model nicotinamide was administered 120 mg/ kg intraperitoneally fifteen minutes before streptozotocin administration. After successful induction of diabetes thiamine and metformin were given to the respective group for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was estimated on day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 of treatment. Results: In this study both thiamine and metformin showed significant antihyperglycaemic effect (p<0.05). Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine with other established anti diabetic drugs. Conclusions: From this study we concluded that individually both thiamine and metformin were effective in controlling hyperglycaemia but metformin was better in achieving normal mean FBS. Further studies are required to validate the antihyperglycaemic effect of thiamine. Study taking different doses of thiamine or with increasing the duration of study period can elaborate the role of thiamine in achieving proper glycemic control.

International Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2016

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically over the past two decades from an est... more The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically over the past two decades from an estimated 30 million cases in 1985 to 382 million in 2013. The traditional anti diabetic drugs have several drawbacks in long term use. Thiamine is a member of the vitamin B family. Thiamine is necessary for normal insulin synthesis and secretion. So it may be beneficial in diabetic persons where insulin synthesis and secretion are disturbed. Albino rats used in this study was divided into four groups; six rats in each group. The groups were normal control, diabetic control, non-diabetic rats treated with thiamine and diabetic rats treated with thiamine. Diabetes was produced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin in the dose of 60 mg/kg. Fifteen minutes before streptozotocin administration nicotinamide was administered 120 mg/ kg intraperitoneally. Thiamine was given to the respective group for a period of 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was estimated at the end of every week. In no...