SUNDAY IGBINEDION - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by SUNDAY IGBINEDION

A nation's progress is largely influenced by its state of health. This is so because a healthy pe... more A nation's progress is largely influenced by its state of health. This is so because a healthy people are not only able to work and support themselves, but are able to make a significant contribution to the socioeconomic expansion and improvement to the community in which they reside. One of the major limitations to achieving the above fit is the increasing health disparity in the larger ecosystemn. And, despite the several initiatives and programmes developed to narrow the growing health gap across the various social strata among individuals around the world, it still persists. Motivated by the need to bridge this rising health gap, this study examines the determinants of health dispraities within the context of sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004 to 2022, using the panel feasible/estimated generalised least squares. The results revealed that while public health spending per capita, income per capita, and health-oriented net official development assistance negatively and statistically impacted on health inequality, unemployment and income poverty positively and significantly impacted on halth inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, the paper recommends, amongst others, the urgent need for policy makers in SSA region to pay greater attention to budgetry allocations to the health sector for the provision of health insurance and quality and affordable healthcare services. Such efforts should be complemented with the formulaion of workable, active, measurable and employment-based policies across SSA region, aimed at creating stable and profitable jobs for the unemployed and underemployed masses.

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

The persistent challenge of accelerating economic growth via government health expenditure has be... more The persistent challenge of accelerating economic growth via government health expenditure has been widely acknowledged in extant literature. Though such government expenditures have impacted growth in some cases, but the desire to further stimulate growth has brought about the need to explore more options in that regard. Interestingly, remittance has evolved over time as an alternative. Yet, the relative impact of these two covariates in promoting inclusive growth in natural resource rich countries remains understudied in Africa.The study therefore examines the relative impact of both government health expenditure and personal remittances received on inclusive growth in the two resource-rich countries of Nigeria and Mozambique. Utilizing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square Method (FMOLS) and the error correction mechanism on time series data for each of the two countries, the results revealed that economic fundamentals like government health expenditure, personal remittances r...

Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 2020

For the past few decades, remittances, as a veritable source of foreign capital flow, have impact... more For the past few decades, remittances, as a veritable source of foreign capital flow, have impacted the economies of many less developed countries through various channels as recorded in extant literature. However, these flows have been characterized by wide fluctuations occasioned largely by economic downturns migrants host countries with attendant consequences on recipient countries. Thus, this study seeks to investigate the impact of such volatilities in remittances on inclusive growth within the Nigerian context, using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) for the period 2000 to 2018. The result shows that remittance-led economic growth hypothesis was not confirmed, as fluctuations in remittances inflow has negative impact on economic hypothesis as the health-oriented official development assistance impacted positively on economic growth. The studytherefore recommends the implementation of relevant policies aimed at mitigating the volatilities in remittances inflow as...

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 2016

Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposition of a par... more Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposition of a particular amyloid protein in various organs and tissues of animals and humans. Although there are other components present in the deposit, the amyloid protein fibril is the main component of the amyloid substance. The amyloid substance differs in protein composition depending upon the types of amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis or AL amyloidosis) a n d t h e d i f f e r e n t c l i n i c a l f o r m s. E a c h c l i n i c a l e n t i t y o r f o r m o f a m y l o i d o s i s m a y b e manifested by a distinct clinical form with chemically specific amyloid fibril protein. This indicates that amyloid is a biochemically heterogeneous substance, although there are similarities in properties and staining characteristics. Amyloidosis involving several tissues and organs throughout the body is referred to as systemic amyloidosis. This may be AA amyloidosis (including familial amyloidosis) or AL amyloidosis. Systemic amyloidosis can be deposited in several vital organs and tissues and may entail severe damage. Amyloid substance may be confined at a given area in the body in the form of localized amyloidosis. The pathogenesis, pathology and clinical presentations of amyloidosis are protean consequent to the diverse underlying causes of its various forms, species of animals affected and the severity of functional disruption in different tissues and organs involved. The diagnosis of amyloidosis requires histopathologic identification of amyloid deposits in the affected tissues. This is confirmed by Congo red staining and green birefringence under polarized light. In this chapter, the pathology, pathogenesis, lesions, and clinical syndromes encompassing various forms of amyloidosis in animals will be covered. Current knowledge available on amyloidosis in animals, which would be of importance as a reference for veterinary professionals and practitioners, and veterinary students will be elucidated in the chapter. 2. Pathology and pathogenesis The pathology and pathogenesis of amyloidosis is a captivating enigma consequent to the diverse underlying causes of its various forms in different species affected. About 20-25 www.intechopen.com Amyloidosis-Mechanisms and Prospects for Therapy 150 different types of proteins with the ability to aggregate, insolubilize, and deposit in tissue as amyloid have been identified (Murphy et al., 2001, Gruys, 2004). In animals, at least eight different amyloid precursors have been described (Ménsua et al., 2003). The precursor proteins in amyloid fibrils may be amyloidogenic mutants as in some familial amyloidosis, whereas other precursors are normal wild-type proteins (Westermark, 1998; Gruys, 2004). The exact mechanisms through which the proteins are converted into amyloid fibrils in vivo are not well known (Westermark, 1998). There are a number of divers conditions that can be associated with the formation of amyloid and each of these conditions are characterized by excessive production of amyloidogenic proteins that are prone to misfolding. Under normal conditions, the misfolded proteins are enzymatically degraded intracellularly within proteasomes or extracellularly by macrophages. In amyloidosis, these degradative processes are inadequate and may be responsible for the accumulation of misfolded protein extracellularly. The overproduction of precursor protein, although necessary, is not sufficient to result in the formation of amyloid by itself (Snyder, 2007). A single amyloidogenic protein may result in multiple forms of amyloid fibrils depending on their induction conditions. Multiple mechanisms for amyloidogenesis are expected to operate as witnessed with their fibrillar polymorphism (Bhak et al., 2009). Although there are divers proteins associated with the formation of amyloid, they are all characterized by misfolded proteins leading to the formation of fibrils that are unstable and self associated (Snyder, 2007). The protein fibril is the main component of the amyloid substance, however, there are other components present, the importance of which is yet not well established in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis. All forms of amyloid contain the pentraxin glycoprotein amyloid P-component (AP) that most probably is bound to the protein fibrils directly. The unique -sheet fibril of amyloid is very resistant to physical agents and also gives the amyloid substance many of its characteristic properties, including affinity to the dye Congo red and green birefringence under polarized light after such staining (Westermark, 1998). According to the WHO-IUIS Nomenclature SubCommittee (1993) on the nomenclature of amyloid and amyloidosis, amyloid and amyloidosis are classified based on the amyloid fibril protein, followed by a designation of the fibril protein precursor. The capital letter A for amyloid is followed by the protein designation in abbreviated form. For example ALamyloid refers to the amyloid derived from immunoglobulin light chain, whereas AAamyloid refers to the amyloid derived from serum A-amyloid protein. Amyloid fibrils may be deposited locally in a given tissue (local amyloidosis) or it may be a systemic deposit (systemic amyloidosis) involving various tissues and organs in the body. Systemic deposits of amyloid are recognized as AL-amyloidosis (primary amyloidosis), AA-amyloidosis (secondary or reactive amyloidosis) or familial amyloidosis. 2.1 AA-Amyloidosis AA-amyloidosis is described in literature as reactive or secondary amyloidosis. It is the most common form of amyloidosis in domestic animals. AA amyloidosis is associated with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases (non-immunocyte dyscrasia) or it may be idiopathic, where no underlying disease is found (Kim et al., 2005; Snyder, 2007). In this form of amyloidosis, the deposited amyloid protein is derived from serum amyloid-A synthesized in the liver (Kim et al., 2005). Amyloid A is derived from the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA) (Kisilevsky, 1990; Gruys, 2004), which is an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), classes 2 and 3. It is formed mainly in the liver upon www.intechopen.com

The role of infrastructure in promoting economic development has long been acknowledged in the ec... more The role of infrastructure in promoting economic development has long been acknowledged in the economic literature. In Nigeria, the basic physical infrastructure deficit has been identified as a major drag in the country's prospects for development. One major source of infrastructure financing is government capital expenditure. Unfortunately, capital expenditure over the years has been characterized by wide fluctuations, with attendant consequences on the level of infrastructural development. Thus, this study seeks to investigate the nexus between capital expenditure dynamics and infrastructural performance within the Nigerian context, utilizing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Error correction procedure (ECM) and data from 1981 to 2018. Findings suggest that both capital expenditure dynamics and inflation rate have a negative and statistically significant impact on the level of infrastructure while the impact of foreign aid on infrastructural development was...

Turkish Economic Review, 2019

Abstract. This research examined the impact of Human Capital Development (HCD) on economic growth... more Abstract. This research examined the impact of Human Capital Development (HCD) on economic growth among the ten French-Speaking West African Countries. In carrying out the empirical research, data were collected on human capital development and growth indices from countries in the sub region and panel data analysis was conducted. The period of analysis covered was between 1995 and 2017. Panel data analysis was used in capturing the relationship between human capital development and economic growth in the West Africa sub region. The endogeneity problem often associated with panel data analysis was accounted for through the use of the Generalized Method of Moments. From the Arellano-bond dynamic panel estimation, it revealed that secondary school levers (SSE6), those who enrolled for a minimum of four years at the tertiary school level (TSE4) and gross capital formation (GCF) were statistically significant in determining economic growth among the Francophone countries in West Africa. ...

SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

For the past three decades the world has witnessed an unprecedented rise in remittance. This upsu... more For the past three decades the world has witnessed an unprecedented rise in remittance. This upsurge has necessitated researches in its potential impacts on the various facets of development. In spite of the surging interest on the impact of remittance, there has been paucity of researches on the impact of remittance volatility on health outcomes. This study therefore seeks to investigate the nexus between remittance volatility and life expectancy at birth within the Nigeria context, utilizing the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) for the period 1981 to 2018. Findings suggest that while remittance volatility has statistically significant negative impact on life expectancy in the long-run, it was however positive but insignificant in the short-run. Other factors such as income, education status and public health expenditure were also found to be major determinants of life expectancy in Nigeria. Given that remittances are largely susceptibl...

This paper investigated the nexus between public health expenditure and health outcomes (using ma... more This paper investigated the nexus between public health expenditure and health outcomes (using maternal mortality as a proxy for the latter) for the period covering 1981 to 2014 in Nigeria. The study employs Cointegration and error correction modeling procedure with its attendant advantage of minimization of spurious regression estimates, while providing long-run estimates simultaneously. The results of the analysis reveal that maternal mortality rate declines as both public health spending and private health expenditure rise, suggesting that public health spending does not crowd out private health financing within the Nigerian context. Poverty rate was, however, found to contribute significantly to the rising rate of maternal mortality. Finally, health-oriented official development assistance had a negative but insignificant impact on maternal mortality rate in Nigeria. Arising from the foregoing, it is recommended among others, the need for policy makers to adopt a multi-pronged a...

SRPN: Politics of Food (Topic), 2015

In the past three and half decades, food security has evolved to become a burning contemporary is... more In the past three and half decades, food security has evolved to become a burning contemporary issue in view of the role it plays in transforming peoples livelihood, promoting good health and mitigating endemic poverty. In Nigeria, the state of food insecurity has attained a worrisome dimension, particularly, when weighed against the rapid increases in the country’s population; thus making Nigeria a food-deficit country with escalating food import bills. Various factors have been identified for the nation’s problem of relative food insecurity. These include governance crisis which manifest in various forms like poor implementation of economic policies, high cost of governance and corruption. Others include undercapitalization, dysfunctional institutions, and poor infrastructural facilities, amongst others. The subject matter of good governance has captured the interest of inter-governmental institutions, development agencies as well as international institutions, including the World...

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2020

Extant economic literature has acknowledged monetary policy as a key factor influencing infrastru... more Extant economic literature has acknowledged monetary policy as a key factor influencing infrastructural growth through different channels, such as affordable housing and efficient transportation, among others. However, in recent times, the Nigeria’s experience suggests a conflicting position on the above supposition. It is against this backdrop that this study set out to investigate the nexus between monetary policy and infrastructural growth within the Nigerian context, time series data from 1981 to 2018, and utilizing the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) estimation technique. The results show that both real interest rate and inflation rate exerted negative and statistically significant impact on infrastructural growth, while federal government capital expenditure and net official development assistance impacted positively on the level of infrastructural growth in the period under assessment. In the light of the study’s findings, the study recommends that, the monetary authorit...

In the past couple of decades, poverty has risen in Sub-Saharan Africa, undermining the region’s ... more In the past couple of decades, poverty has risen in Sub-Saharan Africa, undermining the region’s peace and stability and threatening post-independence development efforts in many countries. The severity of poverty in the subcontinent is partly reflected by its human development indicators, which are among the poorest in the world. This development has spurred the creation and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in most of the countries concerned, aimed at overcoming extreme poverty and attracting debt relief from bilateral and multilateral agencies. Unfortunately, implementation of these strategies has produced mixed results. Therefore, this paper examines poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa and discusses contemporary issues that are responsible for the scourge. Accordingly, the paper .proffers a strategic framework for poverty reduction, anchored on an all-embracing, participatory approach to eradicating extreme poverty from the sub-continent.

This study examines the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Nigeria, using err... more This study examines the socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Nigeria, using error-correction modelling approach for 1981-2015. The results indicate that the twin macroeconomic problems of inflation and unemployment positively impact on crime rate in Nigeria. The level of education was also found to be significant and negatively related to crime rates, suggesting that education not only make people risk averse, but also indirectly alters individual’s decision to adopt criminal behaviour. Also, the one-period lagged value of average income was significant and negatively related to crime rate, suggesting that, appreciable increase in per capita income tends to reduce the incentive to commit crime. Accordingly, the study recommends, among others, the need for the relevant authorities to design and implement policy measures aimed at combating the twin evil of inflation and unemployment on the one hand, and increasing the level of education and schooling, especially amon...

The level of corruption in West Africa has become very worrisome based on the data from the corru... more The level of corruption in West Africa has become very worrisome based on the data from the corruption perception index of transparency international. Corruption may subvert due process; reduce accountability; lead to unequal distribution of goods and services and limit the reliance of the masses on government. The objective of the paper was to examine the link between corruption and economic growth in West Africa. Data used span from 2000 to 2018 with a cross section of fifteen West Africa countries and the use of panel fully modified ordinary least squares. With the use of the Im, Pesaran, and Shin stationarity which allows for heterogeneous version of the Dickey Fuller test, it was found that the variables used were integrated of order one and long run equilibrium relationship existed based on the Pedroni cointegration method. Only foreign direct investment did not meet the a priori expectation. The result supports the ‘grease on the wheel hypothesis’. This implies that corruptio...

This study investigates the nexus between monetary policy and manufacturing capacity utilization ... more This study investigates the nexus between monetary policy and manufacturing capacity utilization in Nigeria for the 1980-2014 period, using an error-correction modelling approach. The results reveal that both current and past values of lending rate adversely affect manufacturing performance, but manufacturing responds positively to the current period's banking credit, confirming that policy to enhance access to funds can stimulate investment in manufacturing sub-sector in Nigeria. Real exchange rate shows mixed performance; the current exchange rate has a negative but insignificant effect, whereas the impact of the one-period lagged value was positive and significant at 5%. Broad money supply positively and significantly influences manufacturing. The error-correction term is significant and correctly signed. Further, the variance decomposition shows shock in monetary policy phenomena, explainsrelatively significant variations in manufacturing performance. This study recommends...

SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

Oradea Journal of Business and Economics

This study examined migrants’ remittances, public expenditure on education and their implications... more This study examined migrants’ remittances, public expenditure on education and their implications for educational development in Nigeria, using Secondary School enrolment rates (SSER) as a proxy for the latter for the period 1981 to 2017. The study utilised Cointegration and error correction modelling approach in order to minimise the likelihood of producing explosive regression estimates. The empirical findings of the study indicate that Migrants’ remittances received, Public expenditures on Education and Per Capita Income growth rate exert statistically significant positive impacts on educational development in the country, while the association turned negative in the case of population growth rate. The fundamental role played by both migrant’s remittances received and Public expenditures on Education in stimulating educational development was evidently established in the study. The study therefore recommends, among others, the adoption of strategic measures that will help boost t...

The paper seeks to examine the nexus between foreign aid and domestic savings, focusing on Nigeri... more The paper seeks to examine the nexus between foreign aid and domestic savings, focusing on Nigeria. Johansen Co-integration and error correction were applied to time series data for the period 1980-2015. The finding reveals that foreign aid complements (that is, crowd-in) domestic savings in Nigeria; suggesting that the problem of low savings in the economy may most probably be associated with other factors, not foreign aid. Also, results show that strong growth in gross domestic product positively and significantly influence domestic savings, while growth in per capita income fail to significantly promote aggregate national savings due, perhaps, to its subsistence level. Arising from the findings, the study recommends, amongst others, that government policies (such as privatization and other macroeconomic reforms) that could directly or indirectly boost the inflow of foreign aid to Nigeria should be accorded priority in development policy measures. On the domestic front, government...

Oradea Journal of Business and Economics

Since the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria in 1957, the Nigerian economy has remained a mono-pro... more Since the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria in 1957, the Nigerian economy has remained a mono-product economy largely impacted by the effects of oil price volatility with its attendant adverse consequences on the nation’s revenue profile and infrastructural growth. Accordingly, this paper attempts to investigate the nexus between oil price volatility and infrastructural growth in Nigeria, utilizing cointegration and error correction modeling approach for the period 1981-2015. The data for this study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, 2014 and 2016 editions. The results suggest that both oil price volatility and inflation rate tend to exert negative impact on infrastructural growth, while the appreciation of real exchange rate tend to trigger investment in infrastructure. Accordingly, we recommend, among others, the need to design and implement effective diversification policies with a view to raising the nation’s revenue trajectory, while strengtheni...

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Acta Universitatis Danubius: Oeconomica, 2020

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 2016

Turkish Economic Review, 2019

SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

SRPN: Politics of Food (Topic), 2015

Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2020

SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

Oradea Journal of Business and Economics